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31,887 results for “three”
All three types of otoliths of Cyprinus carpio (total length=30 cm); left/right asterisci and lapilli from top and bottom view, and one sagittus.
<p>The image shows all three types of otoliths of <em>Cyprinus carpio</em> (total length=30 cm): left/right <em>asterisci</em> and <em>lapilli </em>from top and bottom view, and one sagittus. </p>
X-ray Fluorescence Ghost Imaging - CuSn mask - Three Wires (Fe & Cu)
<p>X-ray Fluorescence Ghost Imaging (XRF-GI) dataset of three wires (one Fe, and two Cu) in a plastic capillary. The capillary contains trace elements like Zn, Zr, etc.</p> <p>The GI scan is presented in the following article <a title="Synchrotron-based x ray fluorescence ghost imaging" href="https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.499046">10.1364/OL.499046</a>. A total of 896 GI realizations were taken, organized into 16 vertical translations and 56 horizontal translations of the structuring element (CuSn mask).<br>The dataset contains both the sample transmission images and the masks plus sample transmission images. No images of the masks are provided (they need to be computed).</p> <p>The data is organized in an HDF5 file, under the following structure:</p> <pre><code>dataset_CuSn-mask_3wires.h5 │ ├data │ ├flat_panel │ │ ├dark [float32: 16 × 170 × 350] │ │ ├empty_beam [float32: 170 × 350] │ │ ├sample [float32: 16 × 170 × 350] │ │ └sample_and_masks [float32: 16 × 56 × 170 × 350] │ └xrf [float32: 16 × 56 × 4096] │ └metadata └xrf ├bias_keV [float64: scalar] ├gain_keV [float64: scalar] └ranges ├Ca [int64: 2] ├Cu [int64: 2] ├Fe [int64: 2] ├Si [int64: 2] ├Ti [int64: 2] ├Zn [int64: 2] └Zr [int64: 2] </code></pre> <p>The meaning of the paths is:</p> <ul> <li><code>/data/xrf</code> contains the XRF spectra for each GI realization</li> <li><code>/data/flat_panel/dark</code> contains the dark images of each scan line (no beam)</li> <li><code>/data/flat_panel/empty_beam</code> contains the empty beam (no sample & no masks) intensity distribution</li> <li><code>/data/flat_panel/sample</code> contains the transmission images of the sample at each scan line</li> <li><code>/data/flat_panel/sample</code>_and_masks contains the transmission images of the sample and masks at each GI realization</li> <li><code>/metadata/xrf/bias_keV</code> contains the bias in keV of the XRF spectrum</li> <li><code>/metadata/xrf/gain_keV</code> contains the gain in keV of each XRF energy bin</li> <li><code>/metadata/xrf/ranges/</code> contains the bin ranges for interesting K<sub>alpha</sub> elemental emission lines in the XRF spectrum</li> </ul> <p>For further information we refer to the associated publication.</p> <p>The data can be processed with structured illumination routines of the code at: <a href="https://github.com/cicwi/PyCorrectedEmissionCT">https://github.com/cicwi/PyCorrectedEmissionCT</a>.</p>
Estimating three-dimensional structures of eddy in the South Indian Ocean from the satellite observations based on the isQG method
<p>Supporting data for Estimating three-dimensional structures of eddy in the South Indian Ocean from the satellite observations based on the isQG method</p> <p>Matlab Codes to reconstruct the subsurface structures (Codes without Figure_*.m) and plot the figures (Figure_*.m) in the manuscript. The file in Netcdf format is our reconstructed 3D density and currents.</p> <p> </p>
Three systems of molecular markers reveal genetic differences between varieties sabina and balkanensis in the Juniperus sabina L. range
<p>Genotypes of 94 Juniperus sabina samples from 14 populations at SNP (Jsabina_SNPs.txt) and SilicoDArT (Jsabina_SilicoDArTs.txt) loci investigated using the DArTseq technology developed by Diversity Array Technology Pty Ltd (DArT, Canberra, ACT, Australia)</p>
Data for ECHAM-HAM in the Publication "Evaluation of aerosol and cloud properties in three climate models using MODIS observations and its corresponding COSP simulator, as well as their application in aerosol–cloud interactions"
<p>This repository contains 3-hourly data of the ECHAM-HAM experiment in the paper:</p> <p>"Saponaro, G., Sporre, M. K., Neubauer, D., Kokkola, H., Kolmonen, P., Sogacheva, L., Arola, A., de Leeuw, G., Karset, I. H. H., Laaksonen, A., and Lohmann, U.: Evaluation of aerosol and cloud properties in three climate models using MODIS observations and its corresponding COSP simulator, as well as their application in aerosol–cloud interactions, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 20, 1607–1626, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-20-1607-2020, 2020."</p>
Data and Supplementary Material for "Insights into Lightning K-Leader Initiation and Development from Three Dimensional Broadband Interferometric Observations" by Jensen et al.
<p>Data and Supplementary Material for the manuscript “Insights into Lightning K-Leader Initiation and Development from Three Dimensional Broadband Interferometric Observations” by Jensen et al., submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. Further description in included PDF (01file_description.pdf)</p>
Data for ms. Do people really care less about their cats than about their dogs? A comparative study in three European countries
<p>The present dataset is based on a questionnaire which is also part of this package. The enclose questionnaire includes identifiable and relevant variables names (yellow highlighted).</p> <p>Participants were recruited by Norstat, a European-based survey company, with the aim of gaining a representative sample of Austrian, Danish and UK citizens, including pet owners. The survey company administers and hosts online panels comprising citizens from many European countries. We aimed for a sample that is representative in terms of age, gender, and region. Therefore, a stratified sampling principle was set up where individuals within each stratum were randomly invited to participate. The invitations were issued through e-mail that contained a link to the online questionnaire. Data was collected from 11-25<sup>th</sup> of March 2022 in Austria, from 11-24<sup>th</sup> of March 2022 in Denmark and from 8-23<sup>rd</sup> of March 2022 in the UK. The invitation provided information about the background of the study, the participating universities, ethical approval, estimated time for questionnaire completion and further, participants were informed that the completion of the questionnaire was voluntary and anonymous, and that they could exit the survey at any point. Before participants were directed to the survey, they ensured informed consent by confirming that they are over 17 years old, and consent to participate in this survey. </p> <p>Besides the questionnaire the dataset includes a csv and an Excel file consisting of the data that is used in the ms. and an rtf and a pdf file with data variable names/labels, and value labels.</p>
Data from: Genomic analysis reveals limited hybridization among three giraffe species in Kenya
<p>The data deposited here was generated by and reported in Coimbra <em>et al.</em> (2023).</p> <p><em>SNP calling and linkage pruning</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>snp_calling_per_species.tar.gz:</strong> includes a genotype likelihoods (GL) file estimated with ANGSD for each giraffe species.</li> <li><strong>sampled_ld.tar.gz:</strong> contains a random sample of estimated pairwise <em>r<sup>2</sup></em> values for each species used to fit linkage disequilibrium (LD) decay curves.</li> <li><strong>ld_pruned_snps.tar.gz:</strong> contains an LD-pruned ANGSD GL file per species.</li> <li><strong>snp_calling_combined.tar.gz:</strong> includes a single LD-pruned ANGSD GL file comprising all sampled individuals of the three giraffe species analyzed in this study.</li> </ul> <p><em>Relatedness</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>relatedness.tar.gz:</strong> contains the input and output files used with NGSremix to estimate relatedness among giraffe in the dataset.</li> <li><strong>snp_calling_combined_unrelated.tar.gz:</strong> includes a single LD-pruned ANGSD GL file comprising all unrelated individuals of the three giraffe species analyzed in this study.</li> </ul> <p><em>Population structure and admixture</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>pcangsd.tar.gz:</strong> contains the covariance matrix generated by PCAngsd.</li> <li><strong>ngsadmix.tar.gz:</strong> includes run likelihood lists for each K value ranging from 1 to 11, as well as the admixture proportions (stored in '.qopt' files) inferred from the run with the highest log-likelihood for each K in NGSadmix.</li> <li><strong>evaladmix.tar.gz:</strong> contains the pairwise correlation of residuals between individuals estimated with evalAdmix for the NGSadmix runs with the highest log-likelihood run for each K.</li> </ul> <p><em>SNP-based phylogenomic inference</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>snp_phylogeny.tar.gz:</strong> contains the input PHYLIP file and the IQ-TREE output tree and log files.</li> </ul> <p><em>Phylogeny of mitochondrial genomes</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>mtdna_phylogeny.tar.gz:</strong> includes the 13 mitochondrial protein-coding gene alignments, the partitions file, and the IQ-TREE output tree and log files.</li> </ul> <p><em>Inference of migration events</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>admixture_graphs.tar.gz:</strong> contains the TreeMix / OrientAGraph input file ('treemix.frq.strat.gz'), the output files for all TreeMix and OrientAGraph runs, and the OptM summary table of TreeMix runs ('optm.tsv').</li> </ul> <p><em>Test for introgression</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>dsuite_introgression.tar.gz:</strong> includes the input VCF, the admixture graph topology reconstructed by OrientAGraph, and the Dsuite output files for the estimation of Patterson's D, f4-ratio, and f-branch statistics.</li> </ul> <p><em>Contemporary migration rates</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>ba3-snps.tar.gz:</strong> contains the input and output files for the BA3-SNPs-autotune and BA3-SNPs runs.</li> </ul> <p><em>Demographic reconstruction</em></p> <ul> <li><strong>demographic_inference.tar.gz:</strong> includes the SFS files generated with ANGSD and realSFS and the StairwayPlot2 blueprint and output files.</li> </ul> <p>Other:</p> <ul> <li><strong>metadata.csv:</strong> a companion file containing sample information used in conjunction with R scripts to plot the figures in the paper.</li> </ul>
Sediment, C, N, and P Concentrations and Burial Rates in Three Southwestern Ohio Retention Ponds: 2006-2019
These datasets correspond to Rogers et al (2022) “Temporal patterns in sediment, carbon, and nutrient burial in ponds associated with changing agricultural tillage” published in Biogeochemistry (DOI: 10.1007/s10533-022-00916-w). We sampled three retention ponds in southwest Ohio in 2019 to compare sediment, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous burial rates to those calculated in 2006 to see the effect a watershed-wide shift to conservation tillage and to estimate the value of the ecosystem services these ponds provide via sequestration. Two methods were used to calculate burial rates: simple mean and spatially explicit. All datasets use simple mean except for the data set named “Spatially Explicit Sediment C N P Burial in SW OH Retention Ponds 2019”, which uses the spatially explicit method. For more information, please refer to our paper.
University of Kansas Field Station: Forest demography, 1980 – 2015. On ten study plots established on three management units all live trees with a dbh > 7.5 cm (3 in) were identified to species, measured, and tagged. Trees were initially measured in 1980/1981 and re-measured in three successive time periods: 1993/95; 2002/03; and 2014/15. Trees will be measured again in 2025/26.
In 1980 researchers at the University of Kansas initiated a long-term experiment monitoring the composition of oak-hickory forest communities at the University’s field station near Lawrence, Kansas. The purpose of the study was to determine how forest species composition varied temporally across distinct habitats that varied in topography, elevation, sun exposure, management history and successional stage. Ten permanent sites were sampled approximately each decade with data collection periods of 1980/81, 1993/95, 2002/03, and 2014/15. Trees with a minimum diameter at breast height (dbh) of ≥ 7.5 cm were tagged, identified to species and measured. Trees will be measured again in 2025/26.
Data for “Herbivory damage but not plant disease under experimental warming is dependent on weather for three subalpine grass species”, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gothic, Colorado, 2015-2017.
Both theory and prior studies predict that climate warming should increase attack rates by herbivores and pathogens on plants. However, past work has often assumed that variation in abiotic conditions other than temperature (e.g., precipitation) do not alter warming responses of plant damage by natural enemies. Studies over short time periods span low variation in weather, and studies over long-time scales often neglect to account for fine-scale weather conditions. Here, we used a 20+ year field warming experiment to investigate if warming affects herbivory and disease are dependent on variation in ambient weather observed over three years. We studied three common grass species in a subalpine meadow in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, USA. We visually estimated herbivory and disease every two-weeks during the growing season and evaluated weather conditions during the previous two- or four-week time interval (two-week average air temperature, two- and four-week cumulative precipitation) as predictors of the probability and amount of damage. Herbivore attack was 13% more likely and amount of damage was 29% greater in warmed plots than controls across the focal species, but warming treatment had little affect on plant disease. Herbivory presence and damage increased the most with experimental warming when preceded by wetter, rather than drier, fine-scale weather, but preceding ambient temperature did not strongly interact with elevated warming to influence herbivory. Disease presence and damage increased, on average, with warmer weather and more precipitation regardless of warming. The effect of warming over reference climate on herbivore damage is dependent on and amplified by fine-scale weather variation, suggesting more boom-and-bust damage dynamics with increasing climate variability. However, the mean effect of regional climate change is likely reduced monsoon rainfall, for which we predict a reduction in insect herbivore damage. Plant disease was generally unrelated
Measurements of water column chemistry taken hourly over 24-hour periods at three sites in West Falmouth Harbor from 2006 to 2019
West Falmouth Harbor (West Falmouth, MA, USA) has been experiencing a dramatic increase in nitrogen loading from an upgradient municipal wastewater treatment facility since the early 2000’s. As part of a long-term study into the effects of this nitrogen enrichment, we have been measuring water chemistry at stations throughout the harbor to examine nutrient concentrations along the gradient from the highest loaded areas of the site to the most well-flushed. Water samples were taken hourly over 24-hour periods at 3 stations between 2006 and 2019. Due to covid restrictions on field and laboratory work, samples were not collected in 2020-2021; sample collection resumed in 2022 and data will be added after analysis. One station is in the well-flushed outer basin (OH) and one in the inner basin closer to the dominant groundwater N source (Snug Harbor, SH). These two were sampled at least once per year between 2006 and 2019. In two years, samples in the OH were taken at a location approximately 140m from the long-term site from this dataset. Those data can be accessed at doi:10.6073/pasta/73408abf801827966041c219f4222c1f. A third station is in the middle between the two, and was sampled in 2016 and 2018. Samples were processed for ammonium, phosphate, nitrate + nitrite, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus. On some dates, additional samples were run for silicate and chlorophyll. Salinity is reported for all samples. Samples were collected with an ISCO autosampler and stored on ice until analysis. Full analysis details and quality control methods are available in Hayn et al. 2014 (doi: 10.1007/s12237-013-9699-8).
Dataset from a study of aquatic macrophyte phenology across three sites in the Coeur d'Alene Lake Basin.
This repository includes data on aquatic macrophytes, water temperature, water clarity, and other water quality measures, such as pH, dissolved oxygen, and specific conductance relative to understanding the growth cycle (i.e., phenology) of aquatic plants. The data was generated during a project to study the phenology of macrophytes across the growing season of 2017, in three temperate lakes of the Coeur d’Alene Basin, USA. The project’s aim was to demarcate the timing of initial macrophyte growth, peak biomass, and senescence. The project also sought to compare traditional biomass measures with sonar biovolume (percent water column occupied by vegetation), which is relatively easier to collect. Macrophytes were measured twice per month with biomass collection via rake twirl, sonar biovolume, and species identification. Hourly water temperatures were measured over the course of the growing season at each site in shallow water near the macrophyte collection sites. The hourly water temperature data was used to calculate cumulative growing degree days over the growing season using minimum and maximum growth thresholds for Myriophyllum spicatum. Water temperature was also measured with a multi-parameter sonde at 0.5 meter increments from the water surface to the lake sediment and collected twice per month. Photosynthetically active radiation was measured during these vertical profiles and light extinction was calculated from this data. Water clarity was also measured with a standard black and white 20 centimeter Secchi disk. The data in this repository was originally reported in the following publication: Torso, K., Scofield, B.D. and Chess, D.W., 2020. Variations in aquatic macrophyte phenology across three temperate lakes in the Coeur d’Alene Basin. Aquatic Botany, 162, p.103209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2020.103209
Blarina brevicauda populations in three different habitats in east-central Illinois, 1972 to 1997.
The population demography of the northern short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda, was monitored monthly from 1972-1997 in bluegrass, alfalfa, and tallgrass prairie habitats in east-central Illinois. Blarina brevicauda were incidentally collected as part of a 25-year prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) and meadow vole (M. pennsylvanicus) trapping study. The study sites were located in the University of Illinois Biological Research Area (Phillips Tract) and Trelease Prairie. Animals were trapped with wooden multiple-capture live-traps. Over the span of 25 years, three 3-day trapping sessions monthly were conducted to cover the three habitats. All live shrews were toe-clipped at first capture for individual identification. Animals known to be present on study site, but not captured, were included in totals for that month. While trap mortality of shrews was high in this study (40%), the data obtained were sufficient for analysis of many aspects of the demography of the species.
High-frequency water quality data for three urban streams in Boston, MA (USA), 2021-2022
This dataset contains high-frequency water quality data for three urban stream locations in the great Boston, Massachusetts metropolitan area. Multiparameter sondes with sensors to measure temperature, pH, specific conductivity, optical dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), and optical brighteners (OB) were deployed from 23 November 2021 to 20 December 2022. Data were collected at 15-minute intervals.
Data associated with a study on freshwater phenanthrene removal by three emergent wetland plants conducted in a microcosm experiment at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area, ON, Canada, in 2022.
The following package includes data from a study that evaluated the efficacy of three common wetland plants, Typha sp. (cattail), Carex utriculata (sedge a), and C. lasiocarpa (sedge b) in enhancing removal of phenanthrene (1 mg/L) from freshwater in a microcosm experiment conducted at the IISD Experimental Lakes Area, northwestern Ontario, Canada, in 2022. Over 21 days, microcosms were monitored for phenanthrene chemistry, basic water quality, plant growth metrics (height and final biomass), and root biofilm oxygen consumption (respirometry) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Data included in this package was first collected and used in the paper by Stanley et al., titled Freshwater Phenanthrene Removal by three Emergent Wetland Plants.
Mammalian herbivores restrict the altitudinal range limits of three alpine grass species (transplant and herbivore exclusion experiment and demographic data from natural populations), West Elk Mountains, Colorado, USA 2015-2018
Though rarely experimentally tested, biotic interactions have long been hypothesized to limit low-elevation range boundaries of species. We tested the effects of herbivory on three alpine-restricted plant species by transplanting plants below (novel), at the edge (limit), or in the center (core) of their current elevational range and factorially fencing-out above- and belowground mammals in the West Elk Mountains, Colorado, USA from 2015-2018. Herbivore damage was greater in range limit and novel habitats than in range cores. Exclosures increased plant biomass and reproduction more in novel habitats than in range cores, suggesting demographic costs of novel interactions with herbivores. We then used demographic models to project population growth rates, which increased 5-20% more under herbivore exclosure at range limit and novel sites than in core habitats. Our results identify mammalian herbivores as key drivers of the low-elevation range limits of alpine plants and indicate that upward encroachment of herbivores could trigger local extinctions by depressing plant population growth.
Bird Abundances at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (1969-present) and on three replicate plots (1986-2000) in the White Mountain National Forest (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/355/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hbr/81/7. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Bird abundances have been determined from timed censuses, territory maps and nest locations at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest from 1969 to the present. This data set includes counts of the number of adult birds (males and females) per 10 ha at HBEF (1969 - present) and on three additional plots within the White Mountain National Forest (1986 - 2000). These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Long-term trends in abundance of Lepidoptera larvae at Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and three additional northern hardwood forest sites, 1986-2018 (Reformatted to a Darwin Core Archive)
This data package is formatted as a Darwin Core Archive (DwC-A, event core). For more information on Darwin Core see https://www.tdwg.org/standards/dwc/. This Level 2 data package was derived from the Level 1 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/edi/349/2, which was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-hbr/82/8. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: Numbers and lengths of Lepidoptera larvae (caterpillars, all species) were censused on shrub level foliage at biweekly intervals from late May/early June through late July/early August each year. Measurements were conducted on the Main bird plot in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest and on three additional plots within the White Mountain National Forest from 1986-1997.. These data were gathered as part of the Hubbard Brook Ecosystem Study (HBES). The HBES is a collaborative effort at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, which is operated and maintained by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station.
Harvest data including the shoot leaf area index, position in the canopy, and shoot and plant tissue area, count and mass for each shoot harvested at three levels in the canopy from 19 1m x 1m plots near LTER Shrub plots, Toolik Field Station, AK 2012.
Leaf and plant tissue area and mass from shoots harvested from 19 1m x 1m point frame plots near Toolik Field Station, AK during the summer of 2012. Six shoots were harvested from each plot, two from each canopy layer: upper, middle, and low. Each shoot came from a different plant, and the species selected was based on the species dominant in that canopy layer. The leaf area and mass were used to correct A/Ci and light response curves taken on each shoot [data published separately]. At the time of collection, the location relative to the point frame, height, and leaf area index (LAI) of each shoot was measured; those data are included here.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.