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363 results for “travel”
Breathing travelling wave solutions in a three-species competition-diffusion system
<p>We consider the situation where an exotic species <em>w</em> invades an ecosystem inhabited by two native species <em>u</em> and <em>v</em>. All species are competing for the same limited resource. Supposing that <em>u</em> and <em>v</em> are not able to coexist in the absence of the invader, we want to determine whether a successful invasion by <em>w</em> may allow all species to coexist (competitor-mediated coexistence). Mathematically, this problem can be modelled by the following three-species competition-diffusion system<br> <span class="math-tex">\( \left\{ \begin{alignedat}{6} u_t &= d_1 \, \Delta u &&+ (r_1 &&- u &&- b_{12} \, v &&- b_{13} \, w &&)\,u, \\ v_t &= d_2 \, \Delta v &&+ (r_2 &&- v &&- b_{21} \, u &&- b_{23} \, w &&)\,v, \\ w_t &= d_3 \, \Delta w &&+ (r_3 &&- w &&- b_{31} \, u &&- b_{32} \, v &&)\,w, \end{alignedat} \right.\)</span><br> where all parameters are positive constants.</p> <p>We are interested in the case in which the invading species is weaker than the native ones, i.e., it is not able to survive in the diffusion-free system obtained by setting <em>d</em><sub>1</sub> = <em>d</em><sub>2</sub> = <em>d</em><sub>3</sub> = 0.<br> We fix all parameters as<br> <span class="math-tex">\( \begin{aligned} & d_1 = d_2 = d_3 = 1, \\ & r_1 = r_2 = 28, \\ & \begin{aligned} b_{12} &= 22/21, & b_{13} &= 4, \\ b_{21} &= 1.87, & b_{23} &= 3/4, \\ b_{31} &= 26/21, & b_{32} &= 22/21, \\ \end{aligned} \end{aligned}\)</span><br> and leave <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>, which measures the strength of the exotic species, as a free parameter. Depending on the value of <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>, the invasion can be either successful or not and competitor-mediated coexistence may or may not occur.</p> <p>It turns out that if <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> lies in a certain range of values, the three-species competition-diffusion system admits a breathing travelling wave solution, i.e., a travelling pulse whose width is oscillating. Such a breathing wave is originated from a standard travelling pulse which is destabilized through a Hopf bifurcation. The period <em>T</em> of the breathing wave depends on the free parameter <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> and goes to infinity at one end of the solution branch.</p> <p>The movie "Breathing Travelling Wave Orbits" shows the evolution of the spatial profile of the breathing wave. After one period, the value of the parameter <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> is changed and the next solution on the breathing wave branch is displayed. Please note that the solution is plotted in a reference frame moving at the velocity of the breathing wave.</p> <p>The movie "Breathing Travelling Wave Features" shows several features of the breathing wave as <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> is changed. The first plot in the third row shows the current value of <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> and the position on the solution branch. The first row shows the space-time profiles of the solution. The first plot of the second row shows the evolution of the pulse width during one period. The remaining plots on the second row show the instantaneous velocities of the back and leading fronts of the oscillating pulse, while the plots immediately below show the density of the invading species <em>w</em> in correspondence of those two fronts.</p>
Interaction of one-dimensional trivial and non-trivial travelling waves in a three-species competition-diffusion system
<p>We consider the situation where an exotic species <em>w</em> invades an ecosystem inhabited by two native species <em>u</em> and <em>v</em>. All species are competing for the same limited resource. Supposing that <em>u</em> and <em>v</em> are not able to coexist in the absence of the invader, we want to determine whether a successful invasion by <em>w</em> may allow all species to coexist (competitor-mediated coexistence). Mathematically, this problem can be modelled by the following three-species competition-diffusion system<br> <span class="math-tex">\( \left\{ \begin{alignedat}{6} u_t &= d_1 \, \Delta u &&+ (r_1 &&- u &&- b_{12} \, v &&- b_{13} \, w &&)\,u, \\ v_t &= d_2 \, \Delta v &&+ (r_2 &&- v &&- b_{21} \, u &&- b_{23} \, w &&)\,v, \\ w_t &= d_3 \, \Delta w &&+ (r_3 &&- w &&- b_{31} \, u &&- b_{32} \, v &&)\,w, \end{alignedat} \right.\)</span><br> where all parameters are positive constants.</p> <p>We are interested in the case in which the invading species is weaker than the native ones, i.e., it is not able to survive in the diffusion-free system obtained by setting <em>d</em><sub>1</sub> = <em>d</em><sub>2</sub> = <em>d</em><sub>3</sub> = 0.<br> We fix all parameters as<br> <span class="math-tex">\( \begin{aligned} & d_1 = d_2 = d_3 = 1, \\ & r_1 = r_2 = 28, \\ & \begin{aligned} b_{12} &= 22/21, & b_{13} &= 4, \\ b_{21} &= 1.87, & b_{23} &= 3/4, \\ b_{31} &= 26/21, & b_{32} &= 22/21, \\ \end{aligned} \end{aligned}\)</span><br> and leave <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>, which measures the strength of the exotic species, as a free parameter. Depending on the value of <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>, the invasion can be either successful or not and competitor-mediated coexistence may or may not occur.</p> <p>It turns out that if <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> lies in a certain range of values, the three-species competition-diffusion system admits two planarly stable travelling wave solutions. In the movies here presented, the result of the interaction of these two waves in one spatial dimension is reported for several value of <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>. For relatively higher values of the free parameter, the relative velocity of the interacting waves is small and they merge into a single travelling pulse. As <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> decreases, the relative velocity of the two waves becomes larger and they merge into a breathing wave (a travelling pulse whose width is oscillating). If <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> is even smaller, the trivial wave is reflected as a leftward-moving non-trivial wave.</p>
Interaction of planarly stable trivial and non-trivial travelling waves in a three-species competition-diffusion system
<p>We consider the situation where an exotic species <em>w</em> invades an ecosystem inhabited by two native species <em>u</em> and <em>v</em>. All species are competing for the same limited resource. Supposing that <em>u</em> and <em>v</em> are not able to coexist in the absence of the invader, we want to determine whether a successful invasion by <em>w</em> may allow all species to coexist (competitor-mediated coexistence). Mathematically, this problem can be modelled by the following three-species competition-diffusion system<br> <span class="math-tex">\( \left\{ \begin{alignedat}{6} u_t &= d_1 \, \Delta u &&+ (r_1 &&- u &&- b_{12} \, v &&- b_{13} \, w &&)\,u, \\ v_t &= d_2 \, \Delta v &&+ (r_2 &&- v &&- b_{21} \, u &&- b_{23} \, w &&)\,v, \\ w_t &= d_3 \, \Delta w &&+ (r_3 &&- w &&- b_{31} \, u &&- b_{32} \, v &&)\,w, \end{alignedat} \right.\)</span><br> where all parameters are positive constants.</p> <p>We are interested in the case in which the invading species is weaker than the native ones, i.e., it is not able to survive in the diffusion-free system obtained by setting <em>d</em><sub>1</sub> = <em>d</em><sub>2</sub> = <em>d</em><sub>3</sub> = 0.<br> We fix all parameters as<br> <span class="math-tex">\( \begin{aligned} & d_1 = d_2 = d_3 = 1, \\ & r_1 = r_2 = 28, \\ & \begin{aligned} b_{12} &= 22/21, & b_{13} &= 4, \\ b_{21} &= 1.87, & b_{23} &= 3/4, \\ b_{31} &= 26/21, & b_{32} &= 22/21, \\ \end{aligned} \end{aligned}\)</span><br> and leave <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>, which measures the strength of the exotic species, as a free parameter. Depending on the value of <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>, the invasion can be either successful or not and competitor-mediated coexistence may or may not occur.</p> <p>It turns out that if <em>r</em><sub>3</sub> lies in a certain range of values, the three-species competition-diffusion system admits two planarly stable travelling wave solutions. In the movies here presented, the result of the interaction of these two waves in two spatial dimensions is reported for several value of <em>r</em><sub>3</sub>. The species <em>u</em>, <em>v</em> and <em>w</em> are denoted by the red, green and blue colours respectively. The yellow line marks the interface between the species <em>u</em> and <em>v</em>. As the value of the free parameter decreases, we observe a transition from a regular spiral pattern, to a breathing spiral and finally to a complex spatio-temporal pattern born from the break-up of the spiral. This complex pattern may be either periodic or chaotic in the long run, as can be seen in the movies for longer time intervals <em>T</em>.</p>
Numerical modeling of the concentric gravity wave seeding of low-latitude nighttime medium-scale traveling ionospheric disturbances
<p>The SAMI3/ESF model-generated electron density files (.mat file) associated with each of the cases in the paper.</p>
Influence of solar activity on penetration of travelling planetary-scale waves from the troposphere into the thermosphere
<p>This dataset contains model output files and examples of scripts for depicting figures related to the article "Influence of solar activity on penetration of travelling planetary-scale waves from the troposphere into the thermosphere" by A.V. Koval, N. M. Gavrilov, A. I. Pogoreltsev, N. O. Shevchuk.</p> <p>Contents:<br> averh.zip - Output data from model simulations averaged over 12 runs with high solar activity;<br> /averh/uvt400_Jan_ogw_volf.dx - Zonal, meridional wind components, temperature (structure corresponds to uvt.ctl);<br> /averh/phi.dx - Geopotential height in gpm;<br> /averh/gh_m1_1.dx, /averh/gh_m2_1.dx - Estimated PSW amplitudes and phases after the longitude-time Fourier transform of the MUAM solutions with the least squares fitting of the geopotential height (zonal wavenumber 1 and 2, respectively)<br> /averh/zw_m1_1.dx, /averh/zw_m2_1.dx, /averh/mw_m1_1.dx, /averh/mw_m2_1.dx, /averh/tp_m1_1.dx, /averh/tp_m2_1.dx - The same but for wind components and temperature, respectively<br> averl.zip - Output data from model simulations averaged over 12 runs with low solar activity; contents are similar to "averh.zip"<br> files *.gs, *.ctl - Examples of the scripts and file descriptions for GRADS system to build figures shown in the manuscript.<br> Additional data including outputs from separate model runs are available from the authors upon request. </p>
Fig. 3 in How far do tadpoles travel in the rainforest? Parent-assisted dispersal in poison frogs
Fig. 3 Boxplot illustrating the difference in distance between the observed tadpole transport distances and the nearest known pool available for each tracked frog and species. Asterisks denote statistically significant differences based on Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon and Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Tests (p <0.05). (Color figure online)
Fig. 1 in How far do tadpoles travel in the rainforest? Parent-assisted dispersal in poison frogs
Fig. 1 Photographs of the two study species: a Ameerega trivittata and b Dendrobates tinctorius transporting tadpoles while wearing a radio-transmitter. Ameerega trivittata typically transports 15–30 tadpoles while D. tinctorius only transport one or two tadpoles. The numbers and arrows indicate: (1) tadpoles, (2) radio-transmitter, and (3) a silicone waistband for attachment. (Color figure online)
Fig. 2 in How far do tadpoles travel in the rainforest? Parent-assisted dispersal in poison frogs
Fig. 2 Map of the study area showing the movements during the tadpole transport of a seven A. trivittata males and b 11 D. tinctorius males. Blue circles represent confirmed tadpole deposition sites; house symbols represent approximated start location of the tadpole transport; each line corresponds to a transport event and each color represents a different individual. a Blue solid and dashed lines mark creek beds, which provided most deposition sites; dotted area corresponds to the forest edge. The shown trajectories do not represent complete movement patterns because some frogs were first detected already outside their home areas and near the deposition sites. Note the difference in map scales between the two species. (Color figure online)
Implementation and Results of a "Generating Small Instances with Interesting Features for the Traveling Salesperson Problem"
<p><strong><em>1. Introduction</em></strong></p> <p>In this archive, we provide the implementation and experimental of a generator for small Traveling Salesperson Problem instances as well as the results of a Randomized Local Search (RLS) with and without FFA applied to the generated instances.</p> <p>These are the data used in the paper below, which contains the exact specification of all algorithms, objective functions, and the encoding we applied.</p> <p>Tianyu Liang, Zhize Wu, Matthias Thürer, Markus Wagner, and Thomas Weise. Generating Small Instances with Interesting Features for the Traveling Salesperson Problem. In <em>16th International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Theory and Applications (ECTA'24), part of the 16th International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence (IJCCI'24)</em>. November 20-24, 2024. Porto, Portugal. Setúbal, Portugal: SciTePress.</p> <p>To run the experiments, you need <a href="https://thomasweise.github.io/moptipyapps">moptipyapps</a> and <a href="https://thomasweise.github.io/moptipy">moptipy</a>, which contain the actual algorithm implementations. Both packages are available on GitHub and on PyPI. However, we include several versions of them in the folder <code>source/packages</code>, just in case.</p> <p><strong><em>2. Directory Structure</em></strong></p> <p>This archive contains the following directories:</p> <ul> <li><code>source</code> contains the Python source codes needed to run the experiment.</li> <li><code>source/packages</code> contains the source codes of the Python packages with the actual algorithm implementations.</li> <li><code>source/experiment_execution_scripts</code> contains the scripts to run the experiments and to generate the instances.</li> <li><code>results</code> is the directory with the results, i.e., with the log files generated by the experiment.</li> <li><code>evaluator</code> is the folder containing Python scripts that were used to evaluate these results.</li> <li><code>evaluation</code> was generated using the evaluation scripts and contains tables and figures and a result summary in CSV format.</li> </ul> <p><strong><em>3. License</em></strong></p> <p>The files in this repository are under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a>, with the exception of the files of other benchmark datasets included, which are under copyright of their respective owner (we believe that they are in the public domain, as they are provided by many sources, included in many software packages under various open source licenses, and on many websites). The license is contained as file <code>LICENSE.txt</code> in this archive.</p> <p><strong><em>4. Contact</em></strong></p> <p>If you have any questions or suggestions, please contact</p> <p>Mr. Tianyu LIANG (梁天宇) of the Institute of Applied Optimization (应用优化研究所, <a href="http://iao.hfuu.edu.cn">IAO</a>) of the School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data (<a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/aibd/">人工智能与大数据学院</a>) at <a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/english/">Hefei University</a> (<a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/">合肥大学</a>) in Hefei, Anhui, China (中国安徽省合肥市) via email to <a href="mailto:liangty@stu.hfuu.edu.cn">liangty@stu.hfuu.edu.cn</a>.</p>
Implementation and Results of a "Randomized Local Search vs. NSGA-II vs. Frequency Fitness Assignment on The Traveling Tournament Problem"
<p><strong><em>1. Introduction</em></strong></p> <p>In this archive, we provide the implementation and experimental results of a Randomized Local Search (RLS) with and without FFA as well as NSGA-II applied to the Traveling Tournament Problem. These are the data used in the paper below, which contains the exact specification of all algorithms, objective functions, and the encoding we applied.</p> <p>Cao Xiang, Zhize Wu, Daan van den Berg, and Thomas Weise. Randomized Local Search vs. NSGA-II vs. Frequency Fitness Assignment on The Traveling Tournament Problem. In <em>16th International Conference on Evolutionary Computation Theory and Applications (ECTA'24), part of the 16th International Joint Conference on Computational Intelligence (IJCCI'24)</em>. November 20-24, 2024. Porto, Portugal. Setúbal, Portugal: SciTePress.</p> <p>To run the experiments, you need <a href="https://thomasweise.github.io/moptipyapps">moptipyapps</a> and <a href="https://thomasweise.github.io/moptipy">moptipy</a>, which contain the actual algorithm implementations. Both packages are available on GitHub and on PyPI. However, we include several versions of them in the folder <code>source/packages</code>, just in case.</p> <p><strong><em>2. Directory Structure</em></strong></p> <p>This archive contains the following directories:</p> <ul> <li><code>source</code> contains the Python source codes needed to run the experiment.</li> <li><code>source/packages</code> contains the source codes of the Python packages with the actual algorithm implementations.</li> <li><code>source/experiment_execution_scripts</code> contains the scripts to run the experiments.</li> <li><code>results</code> is the directory with the results, i.e., with the log files generated by the experiment.</li> <li><code>evaluator</code> is the folder containing Python scripts that were used to evaluate these results.</li> <li><code>evaluation</code> was generated using the evaluation scripts and contains tables and figures and a result summary in CSV format.</li> </ul> <p><strong><em>3. License</em></strong></p> <p>The files in this repository are under the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/legalcode">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International</a>, with the exception of the benchmark datasets included, which are under copyright of their respective owner (we believe that they are in the public domain, as they are provided by many sources, included in many software packages under various open source licenses, and on many websites). The license is contained as file <code>LICENSE.txt</code> in this archive.</p> <p><strong><em>4. Contact</em></strong></p> <p>If you have any questions or suggestions, please contact</p> <p>Mr. Xiang CAO (曹翔) of the Institute of Applied Optimization (应用优化研究所, <a href="http://iao.hfuu.edu.cn">IAO</a>) of the School of Artificial Intelligence and Big Data (<a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/aibd/">人工智能与大数据学院</a>) at <a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/english/">Hefei University</a> (<a href="http://www.hfuu.edu.cn/">合肥大学</a>) in Hefei, Anhui, China (中国安徽省合肥市) via email to <a href="mailto:452015026@qq.com">452015026@qq.com</a>.</p>
Amateur Radio Spot Data for "First Observations Linking Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances to Polar Vortex Strength"
<p>This repository contains the raw data amateur radio data used to compute the Large Scale Traveling Ionosphic Disturbance activity presented the<br>Geophysical Research Letters manuscript<br>"First Observations Linking Large-Scale Traveling Ionospheric Disturbances to Polar Vortex Strength".</p> <p>This dataset has monthy *.tar files containing daily bzip2 Comma Separated Value (CSV) files of data from the following amateur radio spotting networks for the time period November 2018 - May 2019:</p> <ol> <li><a href="https://pskreporter.info/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PSKReporter (https://pskreporter.info/)</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.wsprnet.org/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Weak Signal Propagation Reporter Network (WSPRNet, https://www.wsprnet.org/)</a></li> <li><a href="https://reversebeacon.net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Reverse Beacon Network (https://reversebeacon.net/)</a></li> </ol> <p>Where necessary, spots have been geolocated using latitudes and longitudes from <a href="https://www.qrz.com/">https://www.qrz.com/</a>.</p> <p>We are grateful to the operators of PSKReporter, WSPRNet, and the Reverse Beacon Network for the use of their data.</p> <p>The columns of each CSV file correspond to the following values:</p> <p># [0] UTC Datetime <br># [1] Transmitter Call Sign<br># [2] Transmitter Maidenhead Grid Square<br># [3] Transmitter Geographic Latitude<br># [4] Transmitter Geographic Longitude<br># [5] Source of Transmitter Gride Information<br>#<br># [6] Receiver Maidenhead Grid Square<br># [7] Receiver Geographic Latitude<br># [8] Receiver Geographic Longitude<br># [9] Source of Receiver Gride Information<br>#<br># [11] Frequency (Hz)<br># [12] Signal to Noise Ration (SNR) [dB]<br># [13] Mode<br>#<br># [14] Source<br># [15] Sender Status<br># [16] Inter-Modulation Distortion (IMD)<br># [17] ipOriginID<br># [18] sendeMobileLocator<br># [19] c1<br># [10] c2<br># [21] mode2</p> <p># Computed Fields<br># [22] Great Circle Short Path [km]<br># [23] Great Circle Short Path Midpoint Geographic Latitude<br># [24] Great Circle Short Path Midpoint Geographic Longitude</p> <p>This dataset is designed to be used with the LSTID autodetection software available at <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13630867" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13630867</a>.</p>
Dataset and codes used in the manuscript entitled "A rainfall-tracking travel time distribution model to quantify mixing and storage release preference in a large shallow lake by two-year stable isotopic data"
<p>This contains the codes and dataset for the manuscript entitled "A rainfall-tracking travel time distribution model to quantify mixing and storage release preference in a large shallow lake by two-year stable isotopic data". Detailed information about the dataset is described in the Readme.txt file.</p>
Codes and dataset used in the manuscript entitled "Quantifying time-variant travel time distribution by multi-fidelity model in hillslope under nonstationary hydrologic conditions"
<p>This contains the codes and dataset for the manuscript entitled "Quantifying time-variant travel time distribution by multi-fidelity model in hillslope under nonstationary hydrologic conditions". Detailed information about the dataset is described in the Readme.txt file.</p>
Safe traveling in public transport amid COVID-19
<p>Several intense policies, such as mandatorily wearing masks and practicing social distancing, have been implemented in South Korea to prevent the spread of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). In this study, we analyzed and measured the impact of the aforementioned policies by calculating the degree of infection exposure in public transportation. Specifically, we simulated how passengers encounter and infect each other during their journeys in public transportation by tracking movements of passengers. The probabilities of exposure to infections in public transportation were compared via a combination of the aforementioned policies by using the SEIR model, a respiratory infectious disease diffusion model. We determined that the mandatorily wearing of masks exhibits similar effects to maintaining social distancing 2 m in preventing COVID-19. During peak hours, in the cases of mandatorily wearing and practicing social distancing with masks, the reduction in infection rates corresponded to 93.5% and 98.1%, respectively.</p>
3-D P- and S-wave velocity (Vp and Vs) model of the Yangbi earthquake source region, as well as the travel-times of ChinArray-I
<p>3-D P- and S-wave velocity (Vp and Vs), as well as Vp/Vs ratio models of the Yangbi earthquake source region</p>
long-distance-recreational-travel-survey
<p>This is a release of the questionnaire used in the "Long-distance recreational travel experience and choice of autonomous vehicles" research study. This questionnaire was recruited to the US national park visitors in the Summer of 2020 via Qualtrics.</p>
Choosing the bicycle as a mode of transportation. The influence of infrastructure perception, travel satisfaction and pro-environmental attitude. The case of Milan.
<p>The present data investigated how infrastructure perception, travel satisfaction and pro-environmental attitudes influence the motivations for choosing cycling as a mode of transport.</p>
Travelling or jiggling: dataset
<p>This repository provides trajectory data needed to necessary to reproduce the findings of the manuscript "Travelling or jiggling: particle motion modes and their relative contribution to bed-load variables" submitted to the Journal of Geophysical Research - Earth Surface. </p> <p>We include 3 matlab files:</p> <ul> <li>RUN_1: experiment at u<sub>*</sub>/u<sub>*c</sub>=1.11</li> <li>RUN_1: experiment at u<sub>*</sub>/u<sub>*c</sub>=1.22</li> <li>RUN_1: experiment at u<sub>*</sub>/u<sub>*c</sub>=1.30</li> </ul> <p>In each file, the following variables are included (-1 values separate different trajectories):</p> <ul> <li>data.t: time </li> <li>data.x: streamwise position</li> <li>data.y: transversal position</li> <li>data.d: particle diameter </li> <li>data.frame_rate: frame rate</li> </ul> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Fig. 2. Phylogeographical results for Clade D in World Travelers: Parthenogenesis and Ecological Tolerance Enable Multiple Colonization Events by the Widespread Short-Tailed Whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis
Fig. 2. Phylogeographical results for Clade D of the short-tailed whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899). (A, B) Bar plots of results recovered by analyses with BAPS (A) and STRUCTURE (B). (C) Map of North America showing pie charts of individuals with corresponding subclade assignations recovered by analyses with STRUCTURE. (D, E) Median-joining network obtained from Cytochrome c Oxidase Subunit I, COI (D) and Internal Transcribed Spacer, ITS (E): black circles represent median vectors presumed to be unsampled or missing intermediates; hashmarks represent number of mutations between haplotypes; numbers inside circles denote haplotypes; colors denote regions used for ancestral range estimation; circle size proportional to frequencies; dotted line enclosure haplotypes correspond to Subclades 1 and 2 in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1 in World Travelers: Parthenogenesis and Ecological Tolerance Enable Multiple Colonization Events by the Widespread Short-Tailed Whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis
Fig. 1. (A) Phylogenetic relationships of the short-tailed whipscorpion, Stenochrus portoricensis Chamberlin, 1922 (Schizomida: Hubbardiidae Cook, 1899), obtained by analysis of the concatenated data matrix with Maximum Likelihood. Colored areas represent clades recovered in phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses: Clade A (dark green), Stenochrus longimanus (Rowland, 1971), comb. nov.; Clade B (blue), Stenochrus cavernicolens (Chamberlin and Ivie, 1938), comb. nov.; Clade C (purple), Stenochrus sp.; Clade D (grey), S. portoricensis s. str. Subclades of S. portoricensis recovered with structure analyses: Subclade 1 (red), Subclade 2 (dark blue). (B) Close-up of Clade D. Numbers on branches represent bootstraps and posterior probabilities above 50%; numbers in grey to right of species indicate position matching STRUCTURE analysis order. Inset schizomid: S. portoricensis female from Chichenitza,Yucatán, Mexico.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.