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Nasu (Lanqing) audio word list
<p>On May 7, 2015, I discovered that 3 languages called Nasuphu [na55 sɤ21 phu55] (in Lanqing village 烂箐), Kasephu [kha55 sɤ21 phu55] (in Tuanqing village 团箐), and Nisuphu [ȵi55 sɯ21 phu55] (in Shanhou village 山后) are spoken by very small populations (< 100) each in Jijie Administrative Village 鸡街村 of Zhujie Township, Guangnan County, Yunnan, China. Their languages are similar to languages spoken much further to the northwest. Nasuphu speakers claim that their ancestors had migrated from Shizong County 师宗县.<br> <br> Nasuphu appears to be a dialect of Nasu (Eastern Yi).<br> <br> My Nasuphu informant was Dai Yunda 代允达, 56 years old in Lanqing village. Lanqing has 30 households and 160 persons, and about 50 speakers of Nasu.<br> <br> In Jijie village, I also met one Nasuphu informant who was only a rememberer of the language, and did not remember the autonym.</p>
Mien (Van Ban) audio word list
<p>On February 6, 2014, I interviewed an "I Mien" (i⁵⁵mien⁵¹) man called Đặng Văn Tuấn of Thôn 5, Khe Phàn, xã Sân Thủy in Van Ban District, Lao Cai Province, Vietnam. A young girl about 6 years old or so was writing down a word list of Mien in Vietnamese orthography while I was doing a vocabulary elicitation session with the man, which I also photographed</p> <p>This Mien dialect is similar to the Kim Mien dialect recorded by Jerold Edmondson in that Proto-Mien voiceless laterals and voiceless nasals have changed to h-.</p> <p> </p>
Mien (Lantian) audio word list
<p>Locations visited on May 1, 2013:</p> <ul> <li>Lower Banleijie 下板垒界, Lantian Township 兰田瑶族乡, Linchuan County, Guangxi, China</li> <li>Upper Banleijie 上板垒界, Lantian Township 兰田瑶族乡, Linchuan County, Guangxi, China</li> </ul> <p>In Lantian Township, Pingdi Yao is spoken alongside Mien, a Hmong-Mien language.</p>
Meuma audio word list
<p>On April 29, 2013, I visited Xinzhai 新寨, Mada 马达, Daping Township 大坪镇, Malipo County, Yunnan, China. The Yi people there call themselves "Meuma" [mɯ55 mɑ33], but are referred to as "Mengwu 孟武" in the <em>Malipo County Gazetteer</em>. There were only semi-speakers, with no fluent speakers left. Meuma is also spoken in Dadipo 大地坡 of the same administrative village (Mada Village).<br> </p> <p>My informants were an elderly woman about 70-80 years old and a man about 50 years old. The elderly woman's pronunciation is likely more reliable, as the other man claimed to speak less Meuma than the elderly woman. Only about 60 words were elicited since my informants had forgotten many lexical items. Overall, the data was problematic, with some words not matching with what would have been expected for a typical Loloish language. Additional "Mengwu 孟武" people have been reported in neighboring Xichou and Maguan counties, but it is not known whether they speak (or continue to speak) Meuma or not.</p> <p>Judging from lexical evidence, Meuma appears to be closely related to Kazhuo, Samu, Sadu, and Sanie. However, additional vocabulary will be needed to further clarify the genetic position of Meuma.</p>
Pingdi Yao (Lantian) audio word list
<p>Pingdi Yao is a Sinitic lect spoken by the Yao people. In Lantian Township, Pingdi Yao is spoken alongside Mien, a Hmong-Mien language.</p> <p>Locations visited on May 1, 2013:</p> <ul> <li>Lower Banleijie 下板垒界, Lantian Township 兰田瑶族乡, Linchuan County, Guangxi, China</li> <li>Upper Banleijie 上板垒界, Lantian Township 兰田瑶族乡, Linchuan County, Guangxi, China</li> </ul>
Kathu (Anwang) audio word list (2013)
<p>On April 20, 2013, I recorded Kathu of Anwang village 安王村, Nanping Township 南屏镇, Guangnan County, Yunnan.</p> <p>Thou (autonym: θou⁵³) is spoken in Balong village 坝聋村, while Kathu (ka³³θu³³) is spoken further downhills in Anwang village 安王村. They are known locally to other ethnic groups as the White Yi. Both administrative villages are adjacent to each other, and are administered as part of Nanping Town, Guangnan County, Yunnan.</p> <p> </p>
Qingxi Yao audio word list
<p>Sinitic lect spoken by the Yao people of Jiangyong County, Hunan. Recorded in late April 2013.</p> <p>Qingxi Yao: Qingxi 清溪, Yuankou Township 源口瑶族乡, Jiangyong County, Hunan, China</p>
Khabi audio word list
<p><br> On April 13, 2014, I visited the Kabie ("Khabi") village of Xiqi 西歧村, Sinanjiang Township, Mojiang County, Yunnan, China. My Khabi informant, a middle-aged man whom I met at the side of the road, was Wang Zushun 王祖顺 (born 1954). My motorbike-taxi driver was an ethnic Baihong who said that the Khabi language sounded similar to other Hani dialects.<br> <br> Locals by the side of a road reported these additional Khabi village locations.</p> <ul> <li>Cuoluo, Cuoluo Village, Daheishan Township, Lvchun County, Yunnan, China 绿春县大黑山乡撮芦村撮芦组 (or 撮洛村)</li> <li>Dadifang, Gejie Village, Jiahe Township, Jiangcheng County, Yunnan, China 江城县加禾乡隔界村大地房</li> <li>Shipingzhai, Nanwang Village, Jiahe Township, Jiangcheng County, Yunnan, China 江城县加禾乡南旺村石屏寨</li> </ul> <p>Locals in Sinanjiang Township also told me that Asong is reportedly similar to Budou / Bukong.</p> <p> </p>
Goulan Yao (Huangjia) audio word list
<p>Sinitic lect spoken by the Yao people of Jiangyong County, Hunan. Recorded in late April 2013.</p> <p>Goulan Yao: Shangtun 上屯, Huangjia 黄家村, Lanxi Township 兰溪瑶族乡, Jiangyong County, Hunan, China</p>
Limi (Tuantian) audio word list
<p>On April 25, 2015, I recorded Limi of Tuantian 团田, Guodazhai Township, Fengqing County, Yunnan, China. I found my informant by the side of a road, and interviewed him while there was a strong breeze.<br> <br> All children speak the language. More Limi are located in neighboring Yongde County, especially in Wumulong Township, including in Muchang Village 木厂村.</p>
Kathu (Balong) audio word list (2013)
<p>On April 20, 2013, I recorded Kathu of Nabi 那比 (locally Na4bi4), ,Balong village 坝聋村 Nanping Township 南屏镇, Guangnan County, Yunnan and interviewed Wang Pingjin 王平金, a 49-year-old man.</p> <p>Thou (autonym: θou⁵³) is spoken in Balong village 坝聋村, while Kathu (ka³³θu³³) is spoken further downhills in Anwang village 安王村. They are known locally to other ethnic groups as the White Yi. Both administrative villages are adjacent to each other, and are administered as part of Nanping Town, Guangnan County, Yunnan.</p> <p> </p>
Mo Piu audio word list
<p>On February 7, 2014, I interviewed an elderly Mo Piu (m̥əŋ⁵⁵mpjo⁵⁵) man surnamed Vàng in Nậm Tu Hạ, huyện Văn Bàn, Lao Cai province, Vietnam.</p>
Ku (Bainitang) audio word list
<p>On April 16, 2013 in Bainitang Village 白泥塘, Shede Township 舍得彝族乡, Qiubei County, Yunnan, China, I interviewed Ang Yongming 昂永明, a 65-year-old man. His family genealogy record says that the Bo people are from Yibin County 宜宾县, Sichuan. Ang says the history and sacrificial songs cannot be translated, since they are in an archaic ritual register language; only those who can sing those songs will actually know the history of the Bo people.<br> <br> Cultural items among the Bo include bronze pieces (with hole in the middle; for funerals) and lute. The Li clan 李家 still practices the “hanging coffin” custom; same language as the rest of the village.<br> <br> There are only 2 men in the village who can sing traditional Bo songs, namely Ang Yongming 昂永明 and Zhu Yingchang 朱应昌. Zhu, who is a 75-year-old man, can sing the most folk songs, but has impaired hearing.<br> <br> Other than Bainitang 白泥塘, mutually intelligible varieties of Ku are also spoken Liuwanpo 六湾坡 and Luozidi 罗子地.</p>
Bai (Anuo) audio word list
<p>On April 17, 2013, I recorded the following two informants who spoke Bai 白 or "Minjia 民家" in 阿诺, Badaoshao Township 八道哨彝族乡, Qiubei County, Yunnan, China.</p> <p> </p><ul> <li>Li Shuixian 李水仙 (age 49, female), illiterate</li> <li>Zhao Shuimei 赵水妹 (age 49, female)</li> </ul> My informants report they cannot understand Bai of Dali, but that the Bai of Dali understand their speech. They also told me that in Qiubei County, “Minjia” locations are Anuo 阿诺 (locally a1nuo2), Buyi 布宜 (locally bu4ni2), Mazhelong 马者龙 (locally ma1zhe1long3).<p></p>
Kim Mun (Shaba) audio word list
<p>On April 18, 2013, I visited the Kim Mun of Shaba 沙坝, Zhetu Township 者兔乡. There are also Kim Mun in neighboring Yangtianchong 秧田冲. My informants were Pan Jingao 盘金高 (born October 15, 1976) and his father. They said that they are native to the area, with no migration stories.<br> </p> <p>Kim Mun of Shaba preserves breathy and creaky registers very clearly, making this a potentially important dialect for reconstructing Proto-Mienic.</p>
Ku (Wujiazhai) audio word list
<p>On April 16, 2013, I interviewed Pan Shulin 潘树林 (32, male) of Wujiazhai 五家寨, Shede Township 舍得彝族乡, Qiubei County, Yunnan, China. Ku of Wujiazhai is mutually unintelligible with Ku of Bainitang. Unlike the Ku of Bainitang, they do not have hanging coffins, and do not know where their ancestors had come from.<br> <br> Besides Wujiazhai 五家寨, this variety of Ku is also found in Dabantian 大板田, and in Longeshan 龙歌山 (of Nijiao township 腻脚乡).</p>
Na Meo audio word list
<p>Na Meo of Tuyen Quang<br> <br> • Location: Khuân Hẻ, Kim Quan commune, Tuyên Quang province, Việt Nam<br> • 80 households in the village, all Na Meo<br> • Autonym: na⁵⁵mjau³⁵ɬa⁵³ = na⁵⁵ ‘human being’; mjau ‘Miao’; ɬa⁵³ ‘black’<br> • Informant: Sầm Thị Niềm (female; born 1972)<br> • Date of data collection: January 28, 2014<br> • WAV audio recordings made of approximately 300 lexical items<br> <br> Kim Quan commune is highly ethnically diverse and has Flowery Hmong, White Hmong, Nung, Dao, and Black Hmong (“Na Meo”) residents. Flowery Hmong and White are mutually intelligible dialects belonging to the Chuanqiandian subgroup of West Hmongic, while Nùng (also called “Tày Nùng”) is Central Tai, corresponding to “Zhuang” in southern Guangxi and southern Yunnan. The local Dao (Yao), also known as the “Dao Kóc Mùn”, speak a Mienic language.<br> <br> The Na Meo are known locally by other ethnic groups as the “Mông Đen”, or “Black Hmong”. In Tuyên Quang province, it is spoken only in the single village of Khuân Hẻ, Kim Quan commune, Yên Sơn district, which is nearly 50 kilometers to the east of Tuyên Quang city.<br> <br> My informant Sầm Thị Niềm, a 41-year-old woman born in Khuân Hẻ, was multilingual in Na Meo, “Tày Nùng” (Central Tai), and Vietnamese.<br> <br> The locals are aware of the existence of other Na Meo speakers in Cao Minh commune, Lang Son province, and report that Na Meo of Cao Minh is mutually intelligible with Na Meo of Khuân Hẻ.</p>
Auva (Wendong) audio word list
<p>My recordings were collected from a 19-year-old woman in Pasai Village 帕赛村, Wendong Township 文东乡, Lancang County, Yunnan, China in April 2014.<br> <br> va̱31 of Pasai 帕赛, Wendong Township 文东乡, Lancang County 澜沧县, Yunnan, China. Angkuic and Waic speakers are found in the same village cluster. The Angkuic speakers refer to themselves as va̱31 (tense register), whereas they refer to the Waic speakers as va31 (lax register). Informant reported that the Bulang variety of Dawen Township, Shuangjiang County is similar.<br> <br> In Wendong Township 文东乡, Lancang County, Yunnan, Northern Angkuic speakers refer to themselves as va̱²¹ (creaky voice) or alternatively as ɔ⁵⁵va̱²¹ (“Auva”), while they refer to Waic speakers in neighboring villages of the same township as va²¹ (lax voice). The Waic speakers refer to themselves as vaʔ (lax voice), and unlike the Angkuic speakers, they speak a non-tonal language. The Northern Angkuic speakers (va̱²¹) are officially classified as Bulang 布朗 by the Chinese government, while the Waic speakers (va²¹) are officially classified as Wa 佤. Neither two of these “Va” should be confused with the Eastern Angkuic vaʔ⁵¹ spoken in Mojiang County.</p>
Mien (Daping) audio word list
<p>On May 7, 2013, I visited Wantai, Daping Township, Hezhou City 贺州市大平乡万太组 (or Wantai 湾太, Longcao Village 龙曹村, Daping Township 大平瑶族乡, Hezhou City) in Guangxi, China. My informant was an elderly man named Deng Rushan 邓如山 (February 1943). He was a Mien speaking belonging to the Guoshan Yao 过山瑶 group, whom he said are also known as the Pingtou Yao 平头瑶. His ancestors had migrated from Wuguang 梧广. Deng also told me that there are Jian Yao 尖瑶 in Qingshui Village, Gonghui Township (公会镇清水村) and in Huangdong 黄洞瑶族乡.</p>
Goulan Yao (Shixing) audio word list
<p>Sinitic lect spoken by the Yao people of Jiangyong County, Hunan. Recorded in late April 2013.</p> <p>Goulan Yao: Shixing 狮形, Lanxi Township 兰溪瑶族乡, Jiangyong County, Hunan, China</p>
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