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10,767 results for “Contribution”
Fig. 9 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 9**. Schematic longitudinal section of the same capsule.
Fig. 29 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 29. Part of a longtudinal section, and
Fig. 18 in Georg Bojung "Scato" Lantzius-Beninga and his contributions on the anatomy of moss capsules: a transliteration from the original German texts
Fig. 18. Part of a transverse section below
Figs 71–73 in Contributions To The Taxonomy And Biogeography Of The Genus Dichagyris (Subg. Dichagyris) Lederer, 1867 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Noctuinae) Ii. The Review Of The D. Forficula Species Group
Figs 71–73. Female genitalia of Dichagyris forficula sspp. 71 = D. forficula devota (Christoph,
Figs 1–4. 1 in Contribution to the knowledge of beetles (Coleoptera) inhabiting rodent burrows in Turkmenistan
Figs 1–4. 1 – Aleochara jacobsoni, 2 – Orodaliscus transaralicus, 3 – Thinorycter
Data from: Multi-generation genetic contributions of immigrants reveal cryptic elevated and sex-biased effective gene flow within a natural meta-population
<p>Impacts of immigration on micro-evolution and population dynamics fundamentally depend on net rates and forms of resulting gene flow into recipient populations. Yet, the degrees to which observed rates and sex ratios of physical immigration translate into multi-generational genetic legacies have not been explicitly quantified in natural meta-populations, precluding inference on how movements translate into effective gene flow and eco-evolutionary outcomes. Our analyses of three decades of complete song sparrow (<em>Melospiza melodia</em>) pedigree data show that multi-generational genetic contributions from regular natural immigrants substantially exceeded those from contemporary natives, consistent with heterosis-enhanced introgression. Further, while contributions from female immigrants exceeded those from female natives by up to three-fold, male immigrants' lineages typically went locally extinct soon after arriving. Both the overall magnitude, and the degree of female bias, of effective gene flow therefore greatly exceeded those which would be inferred from observed physical arrivals, reshaping the eco-evolutionary implications of immigration.</p>
Supplementary data for: Encyclopaedia of family A DNA polymerases localized in organelles: Evolutionary contribution of bacteria including the proto-mitochondrion
<p><span>DNA polymerases (DNAPs) synthesize DNA from deoxyribonucleotides in a semi-conservative manner and serve as the core of DNA replication and repair machinery. In eukaryotic cells, there are two genome-containing organelles, mitochondria and plastids, that were derived from an α-proteobacterium and a cyanobacterium, respectively. Except for rare cases of genome-lacking mitochondria and plastids, both organelles must be served by nucleus-encoded DNAPs that localize and work in them to maintain their genomes. The evolution of organellar DNAPs has yet to be fully understood because of two unsettled issues. First, the diversity of organellar DNAPs has not been elucidated in the full spectrum of eukaryotes. Second, it is unclear when the DNAPs that were used originally in the endosymbiotic bacteria giving rise to mitochondria and plastids were discarded, as the organellar DNAPs known to date show no phylogenetic affinity to those of the extant α-proteobacteria or cyanobacteria. </span><span>In this study, we identified from diverse eukaryotes 134</span> <span>family A DNAP sequences, which were classified into 10 novel types, and explored their evolutionary origins. The subcellular localizations of selected DNAPs were further examined experimentally. The results presented here suggest that the diversity of organellar DNAPs has been shaped by multiple transfers of the Pol</span><span>I</span><span> gene from phylogenetically broad bacteria, and their occurrence in eukaryotes was additionally impacted by secondary plastid endosymbioses. Finally, we propose that the last eukaryotic common ancestor may have possessed two mitochondrial DNAPs, POP and a candidate of the direct descendant of the proto-mitochondrial DNAP, rdxPolA, identified in this study.</span></p>
Impaired intracellular Ca2+ signaling contributes to age-related cerebral small vessel disease in Col4a1 mutant mice
<p>Humans and mice with mutations in <em>COL4A1</em> and <em>COL4A2</em> manifest hallmarks of cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD). Mice with a missense mutation in <em>Col4a1</em> at amino acid 1344 (<em>Col4a1<sup>+/G1344D</sup></em>) exhibit age-dependent intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and brain lesions. Here we report that this pathology was associated with the loss of myogenic vasoconstriction, an intrinsic vascular response essential for the autoregulation of cerebral blood flow. Electrophysiological analyses showed that the loss of myogenic constriction resulted from blunted pressure-induced smooth muscle cell (SMC) membrane depolarization. Further, we found that dysregulation of membrane potential was associated with impaired Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent activation of large-conductance Ca<sup>2+</sup>-activated K<sup>+</sup> (BK) and transient receptor potential melastatin 4 (TRPM4) cation channels linked to disruptions in sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling. Treating <em>Col4a1<sup>+/G1344D</sup></em> mice with 4-phenylbutyrate, a compound that promotes the trafficking of misfolded proteins and alleviates SR stress, restored SR Ca<sup>2+</sup> signaling and BK and TRPM4 channel activity, prevented loss of myogenic tone, and reduced ICH. We conclude that alterations in SR Ca<sup>2+</sup> handling that impair membrane potential regulating ion channel activity result in dysregulation of SMC membrane potential and loss of myogenic tone contributing to age-related cSVD in <em>Col4a1<sup>+/G1344D</sup></em> mice.</p>
Dataset: Flow and Turbulence due to Wood Contribute to Declogging of Gravel Bed
<div> <p>This dataset includes flow measurements and results from image analysis of channel bed and cores using flume experiments conducted at the Nepf Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at MIT.</p> <p> </p> </div>
Data from: The contribution of carbon budget to masting intervals in Veratrum album populations inhabiting different elevations
<p><strong>Premise</strong><strong>: </strong>Mast flowering/seeding is often more extreme in lower-resource environments, such as alpine compared to lowland habitats. We studied a masting herb which had less extreme masting at higher elevations, and tested if this difference could be explained by higher photosynthetic productivity and/or lower reproductive investment at the higher elevation sites.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We examined the relationship between flowering intervals and carbon budget (i.e., the balance between reproductive investment and annual carbon fixation) in a masting herb, <em>Veratrum album</em> subsp. <em>oxysepalum</em>, across five lowland and six alpine populations in northern Japan. We evaluated the previous flowering histories of individual plants based on rhizome morphology and analyzed the masting patterns of individual populations. Total mass of the reproductive organs, as a proxy of reproductive investment, was compared between the lowland and alpine populations. Annual carbon fixation was estimated based on photosynthetic capacity, total leaf area per plant, and seasonal transition of light availability.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Interval between high-flowering years was shorter and total reproductive investment was smaller in the alpine than in the lowland populations. Owing to its high photosynthetic capacity and continuous bright conditions, annual carbon fixation per plant was 1.5 times greater at the alpine habitat than at the lowland habitat. These results suggest that <em>V. album</em> alpine populations have shorter flowering intervals than lowland populations due to faster recovery from energy loss after reproduction.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our study demonstrated that masting intervals in <em>V. album</em> populations can be explained by habitat-specific carbon budget balances.</p>
Data from: dammed ponds! a study of post-fire sediment and carbon dynamics in beaver ponds and their contributions to watershed resilience
<p>Beaver ponds were surveyed as part of an effort to quantify post-fire sediment dynamics in beaver ponds. Forty-eight beaver ponds in the northern Colorado Rocky Mountains were surveyed between June and August, 2022. We quantified the current and remaining sediment storage capacities within ponds with sediment depth surveys, and we calculated sedimentation rates by analyzing stratigraphy within pond sediment cores.</p>
Data - Scavenging in two mountain ecosystems: distinctive contribution of ants in grassland and non-ant invertebrates in forest
<p>Data set and analyse used in the manuscript title "Scavenging in two mountain ecosystems: distinctive contribution of ants in grassland and non-ant invertebrates in forest". In this study we <span>quantify the relative contribution of ants, non-ant invertebrates and vertebrates in scavenging nitrogen-rich (insect carcasses) and carbon-rich (seeds) baits in two contrasting mountainous habitats in Brazil (grasslands and forests). Testing the folowing predictions </span><span> (1) baits are more likely to be removed from the forest floor than grassland due to higher plant biomass in forest than in savannas <span>(Miranda et al. 2014)</span>, which could indicate a higher animal biomass in the forest. However, (2) ants would have higher relative importance in scavenging in open habitats (grasslands) than in closed (forests) because in open habitats, ants have higher activity <span>(Bucy and Breed 2006)</span>, richness <span>(Castro et al. 2020)</span>, and there are more dominant species <span>(Andersen 2019)</span>. (3) The role of ants in scavenging is not compensated for by other taxa when ants are absent. Finally, (4) the removal rates of animal-based baits on the ground are higher than seed baits in both environments, since animal resources are more limiting than plant resource in most habitats<span> (Kaspari and Yanoviak 2001, Bar-On et al. 2018)</span>.</span></p>
Mediodorsal thalamus and ventral pallidum contribute to subcortical regulation of the default mode network
<p>Humans and other animals readily transition from externally to internally focused attention, and these transitions are accompanied by coactivation of a group of brain regions collectively known as the default mode network (DMN). While the DMN was considered a cortical network, recent evidence suggests subcortical structures are part of the DMN. Here we investigated the role of ventral pallidum (VP) and mediodorsal thalamus (MD) in DMN regulation in the tree shrew, a close relative of primates. We combine electrophysiology and deep learning-based motion tracking to perform unsupervised classification of behavioral states. We found gamma oscillations in VP and MD coordinated with gamma in the anterior cingulate (AC) cortex specifically during DMN states. Similar enhancements were found for high gamma, but only at subcortical sites. Cross-frequency coupling between gamma and delta oscillations were higher during DMN than other behaviors, underscoring the engagement of MD, VP, and AC circuits. Our findings highlight the importance of VP in DMN regulation in the tree shrew, consistent with rodent studies, and demonstrate a role for MD thalamus in DMN regulation. Our results extend homologies in DMN regulation among mammals, and underline the importance of thalamus and basal forebrain to the regulation of DMN brain states.</p>
Harmonising Contributions: Exploring Diversity in Software Engineering through CQA Mining on Stack Overflow
<p>Community question-and-answering platforms dedicated to software engineering, such as Stack Overflow, have assumed indispensable roles in fostering a thriving global knowledge ecosystem. As these platforms suffer from diversity-related issues, investigating the underlying reasons behind such challenges becomes imperative to devise potential intervention strategies.</p> <p>The proposed study highlights Stack Overflow users’ contribution profiles, both in isolation and relative to various diversity metrics, including GDP and access to electricity. Finally, the study explores whether these contribution profiles extend to the city and state levels.</p> <p>This replication package complements our study, prompting future scholars to further examine our research process or conduct follow up analyses.</p>
Analysis of gene expression in the postmortem brain of neurotypical Black Americans reveals contributions of genetic ancestry: Source and Supplementary Data
<p><em><strong>Source and Supplementary data for AANRI manuscript</strong></em></p>
Data from: Species contributions to ecosystem stability change with disturbance type
<p>Simultaneous exposure to multiple stressors complicates the challenge of predicting ecological responses to global environmental change. Here, we show that the contributions of individual species and functional groups to the overall stability of ecosystems can be modified by the presence of different stressors, both individually and in combination. By disturbing natural rocky shore communities with nutrients and sediments and simulating extinction of predatory whelks and grazers, we also found that consumers can simultaneously stabilise and destabilise communities along different stability dimensions, irrespective of their trophic position. Our results suggest that our experimental disturbances influenced consumer contributions to stability indirectly by modifying the interactions between consumers and macroalgae in different ways. These findings merit further exploration in different systems exposed to a range of different stressors to better understand how perturbations of different kinds can modify the multifaceted contributions of species to the overall stability of ecosystems.</p>
Aphidius ervi venom regulates Buchnera contribution to host nutritional suitability
<p>Dataset referred to the manuscript "Aphidius ervi venom regulates Buchnera contribution to host nutritional suitability" by </p> <p><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Russo,+Elia%22"><span>Russo, Elia</span><sup>1 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Di+Lelio,+Ilaria%22"><span>Di Lelio, Ilaria</span><sup>2 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Shi,+Min%22"><span>Shi, Min</span><sup>3 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Becchimanzi,+Andrea%22"><span>Becchimanzi, Andrea</span><sup>2 </sup></a><a href="../search?q=metadata.creators.person_or_org.name%3A%22Pennacchio,+Francesco%22"><span>Pennacchio, Francesco</span><sup>2</sup></a></p> <p><sup>Abstract: The association between the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris) (Homoptera: Aphididae), and the endophagous parasitoid wasp Aphidius ervi Haliday (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) offers a unique model system for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying the complex interactions between the parasitoid, its host and the associated primary symbiont. Here, we investigate in vivo the functional role of the most abundant component of A. ervi venom, Ae-γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (Ae-γ-GT), which is known to induce host castration. Microinjections of double-stranded RNA into A. ervi pupae stably knocked down Ae-γ-GT1 and Ae-γ-GT2 paralogue genes in newly emerged females. These females were used to score the phenotypic changes both in parasitized hosts and in the parasitoid's progeny, as affected by a venom blend lacking Ae-γ-GT. Ae-γ-GT gene silencing enhanced growth both of host and parasitoid, supported by a higher load of the primary bacterial symbiont Buchnera aphidicola. Emerging adults showed a reduced survival and fecundity, suggesting a trade-off with body size. This demonstrates in vivo the primary role of Ae-γ-GT in host ovary degeneration and suggests that this protein counterbalances the proliferation of Buchnera likely triggered by other venom components. Our study provides a new approach to unravelling the complexity of aphid parasitoid venom in vivo, and sheds light on a novel role for Ae-γ-GT in host regulation.</sup></p> <p> </p>
Review dataset "Ethnobiology's contributions to sustainability science"
<p><span>This search was performed on April 2023 and allowed us to identify a total of 280 articles published between 2015 and 2022 (Supplementary Material 21). </span></p>
Fig. 1 in Contribution to the knowledge of the genus Doliops Waterhouse, 1841 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)
Fig. 1. Map of the Philippines archipelago
Figure 5 in Contributions to the wild bee fauna in Argentina (Hymenoptera: Anthophila)
Figure 5. Georeferenced new records of bee species for Argentina. The Ecoregions corresponding to each record are presented. Symbols represent localities with more than one new record: Star = Parque Nacional Iguazú; Plus = M. Belgrano; Diamond = Loreto; Triangle = Pueblo Liebig.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.