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FIGURE 3. Characters 1‒4 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 3. Characters 1‒4 on the head of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (A‒D) and C. cristata de Meijere (E‒H). A, E, Caudal view; B, F, dorsal view; C, G, frontal view; D, H, right eye (frontal view). Abbreviations: ar, arista; a rc orb s, anterior reclinate orbital seta; i ocp s, inner occipital setae; pc orb s, proclinate orbital seta; spc s, supracervical setae. Character states are indicated in the form of 'character No.-state code'. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 10. Characters 30‒39 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 10. Characters 30‒39 on the periphallic organs of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (A, lateral view; B, anterior view), C. cristata de Meijere (C, lateral view; D, ventral view; E, surstylus) and C. xenalocasiae (Okada) (F, oblique lateral view; G, ventral view; H, surstylus). Abbreviations: cerc, cercus; epand, epandrium; sur, surstylus. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 9 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 9. Male abdominal sternite VIs of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (B in anteroventral view, C in lateral view), C. stamenicola (Carson & Okada) (D in anterior view) and all species of the C. cristata subgroup (A in ventral view, E‒R in anterior view): A, C. ecornuta sp. nov.; E, C. grandis sp. nov.; F, C. vieti sp. nov.; G, C. cristata de Meijere; H, C. matthewsi sp. nov.; I, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso; J, C. kinabaluana sp. nov.; K, C. kotana sp. nov.; L, C. sabahana sp. nov.; M, C. sarawakana sp. nov.; N, C. pistilicola (Carson & Okada); O, C. xenalocasiae (Okada); P, C. diconica (Toda & Okada); Q, C. sumatrana sp. nov.; and R, C. leucocasiae sp. nov. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 17 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 17. Colocasiomyia grandis Toda, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Menglun, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, China). A, Fore tarsomeres I and II; B, male abdominal sternites I–VI (ventral view); C, female abdominal sternites I–VI (ventral view); D, periphallic organs (lateral view; inset: surstylus distal portion); E, phallic organs (lateral view); F, female terminalia (lateral view); G, puparium (ventral habitus); H, caudal-most portion of puparium (ventral view); I, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); J, mouth hook; K, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–F and K, 1.0 mm in G.
FIGURE 5. Characters 7‒11 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 5. Characters 7‒11 on the thorax (A‒D, dorsal view; E‒G, lateral view) of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (A, E), C. grandis sp. nov. (B), C. cristata de Meijere (C, F), C. diconica (Toda & Okada) (D) and C. ecornuta sp. nov. (G). Abbreviations: a dc s, anterior dorsocentral setae; ap sctl s, apical scutellar seta; b sctl s, basal scutellar seta; p kepst s, posterior katepisternal seta; pprn s, postpronotal seta; trn sut, transverse suture. Scale bars: 0.5 mm in A‒D, 0.1 mm in E‒G.
FIGURE 20 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 20. Colocasiomyia sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso (♂, ♀ and puparium from Enrekang, South Sulawesi, Indonesia). A, Male abdominal sternites (ventral view); B, female abdominal sternites (ventral view); C, periphallic organs (lateral view); D, phallic organs (lateral view); E, ditto (ventral view); F, female terminalia (lateral view); G, anterior spiracles of puparium (dorsal view); H, puparium (ventral habitus; inset: caudal-most portion); I, mouth hook; J, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–F and J, 1.0 mm in H.
FIGURE 13 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 13. The strict consensus tree resulting from the parsimony analysis (PAUP* v4.0a168) of the data matrix of 25 spp. × 51 morphological characters (Appendix 6) for 20 species of the Colocasiomyia cristata group (as ingroup) and five species of the C. gigantea group (as outgroup). The tree is rooted by outgroup rooting, and synapomorphies (solid circle: nonhomoplastic; open circle: homoplastic) inferred from both ACCTRAN and DELTRAN character optimization are indicated on each internal branch along with support value (BP). Codes of clades (I and II) and subclades (IIa–c) are shown beside the corresponding branches (see the text for more explanation).
FIGURE 1 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 1. Alocasia alba Schott in West Java. A, Inflorescences and infructescences at Stages I to VI, except III (see text for explanation of each stage) in a cluster of sequentially blooming inflorescences of a plant at Ciamis; B, a Stage-II inflorescence of a plant at the Bogor Botanical Garden, showing the lower part (pistillate and intermediate regions) of spadix by partly cutting out the spathe and the position of spathal constriction with arrowhead; C, a schema indicating the spadix structure and dissected sections (modified from Carson & Okada 1980: 26; fig.6).
FIGURE 19 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 19. Colocasiomyia cristata de Meijere (♂ and ♀ from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia). A, Antenna; B, dorsal portion of proboscis (caudal view; yellow arrowheads indicating supralateral setae outside prementum); C, male abdominal sternites (ventral view); D, female abdominal sternites (ventral view). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 16 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 16. Colocasiomyia ecornuta Toda & Takano, sp. nov. (♂ and ♀ paratypes and puparium from Soppeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia). A, Head (frontal view); B, scutum and scutellum (dorsal view); C, D, abdominal sternites in ventral view (C, male; D, female); E, periphallic organs (caudolateral view; inset: cercal ventral lobe); F, phallal sheath (dorsal view); G, H, phallic organs (G, lateral view; H, ventral view); I peri-oviscapt (caudal view); J, oviscapt (ventral view); K, puparium (ventral habitus; inset: caudal-most portion at lower right and ventrolateral portion of segments at the upper right); L, mouth hook; M, cephalopharyngeal skeleton. Abbreviations: i vt s, inner vertical setae; sctl, scutellum. Scale bars: 0.1 mm in A–J and M, 1.0 mm in K.
FIGURE 12. Characters 48‒51 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 12. Characters 48‒51 on the female terminalia of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (A, lateral view; B, hypoproct in ventral view) and C. cristata de Meijere (C, lateral view; D, hypoproct in ventral view). Abbreviations: epiprct, epiproct; hyprct, hypoproct; ov, oviscapt; t-VIII, tergite VIII. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 15 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 15. Habitus (upper, lateral view; lower, dorsal view) of species of the Colocasiomyia cristata subgroup. A, C. ecornuta sp. nov. ♂; B, C. grandis sp. nov. ♂; C, C. vieti sp. nov. ♂; D, C. cristata de Meijere ♂; E, C. sulawesiana Okada & Yafuso ♂; F, C. kinabaluana sp. nov. ♂; G, C. kotana sp. nov. ♂; and H, C. matthewsi sp. nov. ♂. Scale bars: 1 mm.
FIGURE 8. Characters 16‒22 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 8. Characters 16‒22 on the male (A, C) and female (B, D) abdominal sternites (s) of Colocasiomyia gigantea (Okada) (A, B) and C. colocasiae (Duda) (C, D). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4. Characters 5 and 6 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 4. Characters 5 and 6 on the cibarium (dorsal view) of Colocasiomyia xenalocasiae (Okada) (A), C. cristata de Meijere (B) and C. sarawakana sp. nov. (C). Abbreviations: a s, anterior sensilla; m s, medial sensilla; p s, posterior sensillum; s c, sensilla campaniformia. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 11. Characters 40‒47 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 11. Characters 40‒47 on the phallic organs of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (A, lateral view; B, ventral view; C, hypandrium and gonocoxites, oblique lateral view), C. xenalocasiae (Okada) (D, lateral view; E, ventral view), C. sabahana sp. nov. (F, lateral view; G, ventral view) and C. cristata de Meijere (H, lateral view; I, ventral view). Abbreviations: aed, aedeagus; goncx, gonocoxite; hypd, hypandrium; phap, phallapodeme; ph sh, phallal sheath. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 7. Characters 13‒15 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 7. Characters 13‒15 on the fore (A, B, distal portion of tibia and tarsus) and mid (C, D, ditto) legs of Colocasiomyia colocasiae (Duda) (A, C) and C. cristata de Meijere (B, D). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 6. Character 12 in Phylogeny, taxonomy and flower-breeding ecology of the Colocasiomyia cristata species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae), with descriptions of ten new species
FIGURE 6. Character 12 of costal setae on the wing (anterodistal portion) of Colocasiomyia xenalocasiae (Okada) (A), C. colocasiae (Duda) (B) and C. cristata de Meijere (C). Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 8. Limnodrilus claparedianus Ratzel, 1868. A, B in Molecular taxonomy and description of a new species of Limnodrilus (Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China
FIGURE 8. Limnodrilus claparedianus Ratzel, 1868. A, B. Dorsal chaetae in III and IV, respectively. C, D. Penis sheaths. Scale bars: A, B 10μm; C, D 70μm.
FIGURE 5. Limnodrilus paraclaparedianus n in Molecular taxonomy and description of a new species of Limnodrilus (Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China
FIGURE 5. Limnodrilus paraclaparedianus n. sp., chitinous structures. A–D. Ventral chaetae in II, III, IV and V. E. Penis sheath.
FIGURE 3 in Molecular taxonomy and description of a new species of Limnodrilus (Naididae, Clitellata, Annelida) in China
FIGURE 3. Bayesian Inference tree of Limnodrilus spp. based on the ITS2 gene fragments. BI posterior probabilities> 0.60 are indicated.
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