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Fig. 1. A in A new middle Cambrian trilobite with a specialized cephalon from Shandong Province, North China

Fig. 1. A. Geographical location of studied area (star) in Shandong Province, North China. B. General geological setting of the middle Cambrian Longgang section. C. Upper part of the Honghe Member of the Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan) Mantou Formation in the Longgang section, viewed from the west. Arrow is pointed to the person for scale. D. Stratigraphic column for the Honghe and Upper Shale members and the major trilobite horizons in the Longgang section. Alternative spelling of Zhangxia is Changhia. Arrow indicates the bed yielding Phantaspis auritus gen. et sp. nov.

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Fig. 3. A in A new middle Cambrian trilobite with a specialized cephalon from Shandong Province, North China

Fig. 3. A ptychoparioid trilobite Phantaspis auritus gen. et sp. nov. from the middle Cambrian (Miaolingian, Wuliuan) Mantou Formation, Longgang section, Shandong Province, North China. A. NIGPAS 172104 (holotype), nearly complete exoskeleton. B. NIGPAS 172105 (paratype), nearly complete cranidium. C. NIGPAS 172106 (paratype), external mould of a nearly complete cranidium. D. NIGPAS 172107 (paratype), external mould of a nearly complete, holaspid-stage exoskeleton. E. NIGPAS 172108 (paratype), external mould of a nearly complete cephalon. F. NIGPAS 172109 (paratype), internal mould of specimen in E. G–I. NIGPAS 172111, 172110, 172112, cranidia. Scale bars 5 mm.

Figure 9 in Earliest known record of a hypercarnivorous dasyurid (Marsupialia), from newly discovered carbonates beyond the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north Queensland

Figure 9. Comparison of the distribution of major cusps (in occlusal view) preserved in the Whollydooleya tomnpatrichorum holotype (QM F57892) with the RM3 of representative extinct (†) and recent hypercarnivorous dasyuromorphians. A-A', Whollydooleya tomnpatrichorum (†); B-B', Dasyurus maculatus, AR21693; C-C', Glaucodon ballaratensis, P207018 (†); D-D', Sarcophilus moornaensis, NMV P28684 (†); E-E', Sarcophilus harrisii, AR21694; F-F', Thylacinus cynocephalus, AR21695 (image reversed from the LM) (†). Abbreviations: end, entoconid 3 (orange dot); hyd, hypoconid (green dot); hyld, hypoconulid (purple dot); med, metaconid (blue dot); prd, protoconid (red dot). Not to scale.

Figure 5 in Earliest known record of a hypercarnivorous dasyurid (Marsupialia), from newly discovered carbonates beyond the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north Queensland

Figure 5. Stereoviews of the holotype of Whollydooleya tomnpatrichorum n. gen. et sp. QM F57892 from a buccal oblique view. The margin at the right represents the missing flank of the trigonid.

Figure 4 in Earliest known record of a hypercarnivorous dasyurid (Marsupialia), from newly discovered carbonates beyond the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north Queensland

Figure 4. Comparison of the holotype ofWhollydooleya tomnpatrichorum n. gen. et sp. QM F57892 with other hypercarnivorous dasyuromorphians (not to scale). A–C, W. tomnpatrichorum, QM F57892, m2 or m3. A, posterobuccal view; B-B', occlusal stereoview; C, oblique posterobuccal view. D–F, Dasyurus maculatus, AR21693, M3. D, buccal view; E-E', occlusal stereoview; F, oblique posterobuccal view. G–I, Sarcophilus harrisii, AR21694, M3. G, buccal oblique view; H-H', occlusal stereoview; I, oblique posterobuccal view. J–L, Thylacinus cynocephalus, AR21695, M talonid (reversed from the LM ). J, posterobuccal oblique view; K-K', occlusal stereoview; L, oblique posterobuccal view.

Figure 7. NMV P207018 in Earliest known record of a hypercarnivorous dasyurid (Marsupialia), from newly discovered carbonates beyond the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north Queensland

Figure 7. NMV P207018, cast of a right dentary referred to Glaucodon ballaratensis by Gerdtz and Archbold (2003) that preserves the RC 1, P 1–2 and M 1–4. Left upper, buccal view. Left lower, lingual view. Right, occlusal view of the dentition. Scale bar = 1 cm. Photographs by Darren Bellingham.

Figure 6 in Earliest known record of a hypercarnivorous dasyurid (Marsupialia), from newly discovered carbonates beyond the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north Queensland

Figure 6. Measurements of the holotype of Whollydooleya tomnpatrichorum n. gen. et sp. QM F57892 in occlusal stereoview. In the upper figure, the sides of the triangle link: 1, protoconid to entoconid; 2, protoconid to hypoconid; and 3, entoconid to hypoconid. The longitudinal measure is the distance between the protoconid and the apex of the hypoconulid. In the lower figure, the measures are: talonid width through the entoconid and hypoconid; talonid length from the ascending extremity of the cristid obliqua against the posterior flank of the trigonid to the posterior extremity of the crown through the hypoconulid; and maximum width of the damaged trigonid.

Figure 3 in Earliest known record of a hypercarnivorous dasyurid (Marsupialia), from newly discovered carbonates beyond the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north Queensland

Figure 3. Photomicrographs of geological thin sections from Wholly Dooley Site later infills. A, Rhythmically banded calcite and goethite UXP; B, calcite filling void in layer 2 UXP; C, late cryptocrystalline silica (indicated by red arrow) filling fractures UXP; D, possible microbially mediated goethite precipitation (dendrites) in layer 2 PPL. WD2 numbers represent images of thin sections produced in the University of New South Wales.

Figure 1 in Earliest known record of a hypercarnivorous dasyurid (Marsupialia), from newly discovered carbonates beyond the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north Queensland

Figure 1. Wholly Dooley Site, Wholly Dooley Hill, northwestern Queensland. The grey limestone massifs to the left are unfossiliferous Cambrian limestone and probably represent part of the western and southern walls of the original cave chamber. Fossiliferous Wholly Dooley matrix has been obtained from the excavated depression in the centre. About 7.2 km NE from this point is the approximate centre of the Riversleigh World Heritage Area; about 1.2 km NWN from this point is the southwestern boundary of the RWHA. Photo M. Archer.

Figure 2 in Earliest known record of a hypercarnivorous dasyurid (Marsupialia), from newly discovered carbonates beyond the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north Queensland

Figure 2. Photomicrographs of geological thin sections from Wholly Dooley Site. A, Detrital quartz grains within the host micrite UXP; B, calcite raft fragment within host micrite UXP; C, erosional contact between host micrite (left) and overlying layer 1 (right) showing abundant aeolian-derived quartz within layer 1 UXP; D, Fe-oxide pelloids and detrital quartz grains within layer 1 PPL. WD2 numbers refer to thin section images produced in the School of Biological, Earth & Environmental Sciences.

Figure 8. NMV P28684 in Earliest known record of a hypercarnivorous dasyurid (Marsupialia), from newly discovered carbonates beyond the Riversleigh World Heritage Area, north Queensland

Figure 8. NMV P28684, right dentary of the holotype of Sarcophilus moornaensis preserving damaged M. A, Buccal view; B, buccal oblique 1–4 view; C, lingual view; D, occlusal view of M . Photographs by Erich Fitzgerald.

Figure 6 in Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan

Figure 6. Box plots of vertical distribution of two spionid larvae: a, Pseudopolydora achaeta and b, Prionospio spp. The central line in the box represents the median, the upper and lower boundaries of the box represent the quartiles, and the vertical bar represents the 95% range of larval distribution (left axes). The dashed wavy lines and dark shaded areas represent the tidal level (right axes) and night-time, respectively.

Figure 5 in Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan

Figure 5. Diel changes in vertical distribution of planktonic spionid larvae at St. 1 in Onagawa Bay from 8:00 a.m. on 20 August to 5:00 a.m. on 21 August 2012.

Figure 4 in Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan

Figure 4. Diel changes in vertical distribution of planktonic polychaete (upper axes) and chlorophyll fluorescence (ppb) (lower axes) larvae at St. 1 in Onagawa Bay from 8:00 a.m. on 20 August to 5:00 a.m. on 21 August, 2012.

Figure 3 in Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan

Figure 3. Vertical distribution of each species or genus of planktonic spionid larvae at St. 1 in Onagawa Bay from January to December 2012.

Figure 2 in Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic polychaete larvae in Onagawa Bay, north-eastern Japan

Figure 2. Vertical distribution of each family of planktonic polychaete larvae (upper axes) and chlorophyll a concentration (µg L−1) (lower axes) at St. 1 in Onagawa Bay from January to December 2012.

Figure 6. A–F in Chrysopetalidae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from the Senghor Seamount, north-east Atlantic: taxa with deep-sea affinities and morphological adaptations

Figure 6. A–F: Arichlidon gathofi, 7-segmented larva, Carolina, West Atlantic, USNM 186017. A, Entire larva, dorsal view; B, ventral view of A; C, notopodium segment IV; D, notopodium segment VI (figs A, C, after Watson Russell, 1987: Figs 28.4, 6: as 'new genus 1'). E, A. gathofi, adult, mid-body notopodium, detail median fascicle; F, mid-body neuropodium with epitokous swimming neurochaetae (figs E, F after Watson Russell, 2000: Figs 1D, 5A). Scalebars: A, 200µm; B, 350µm; C-E, 40 µm; F, 100µm.

Figure 5. A–F in Chrysopetalidae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from the Senghor Seamount, north-east Atlantic: taxa with deep-sea affinities and morphological adaptations

Figure 5. A–F: Arichlidon reyssi 6-segmented larva, Arcachon, NE Atlantic, NTM 25385; A, D–F: slide preparations. A, Entire larva, dorsal view; B, anterior end, dorsal, left side detail (transitory chaetae drawn in part); C, anterior end, ventral view, left side detail; D, detail of anterior end of fig. 5A; E, notopodium segment IV; F, neuropodia segments IV and V. Scalebars: A, 50µm; B-C, 100µm; D-F, 10 µm.

Figure 4. A–B in Chrysopetalidae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from the Senghor Seamount, north-east Atlantic: taxa with deep-sea affinities and morphological adaptations

Figure 4. A–B: Arichlidon reyssi, adult, Senghor Seamount, NMS.Z.2013.160.09, slide preparations. A, Anterior end; B, mid-body notopodium from anterior end. Scalebars: A, 100 µm; B, 50µm.

Figure 2. A–D in Chrysopetalidae (Annelida: Phyllodocida) from the Senghor Seamount, north-east Atlantic: taxa with deep-sea affinities and morphological adaptations

Figure 2. A–D: Thrausmatos senghorensis sp. nov., Senghor Seamount, SMF 22963. A, Anterior end, dorsal view, slide preparation; B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, mid-body parapodium, slide preparation; D, detail of superior-most neurochaeta (asterisked in fig. 2C). Scalebars: A-C, 100 µm; D, 10µm.