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TABLE 2 in Preliminary assessment of community composition and phylogeographic relationships of the birds of the Meratus Mountains, south-east Borneo, Indonesia
<p>TABLE 2 Size comparison between six specimens of Meratus and five specimens of Sabah and Sarawak populations of Hill Blue Flycatcher <i>Cyornis banyumas</i>, including males and females. T-test values show significance of differences between the two groups. All measurements in mm.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Population</th><th>Culmen length</th><th>Culmen width</th><th>Culmen depth</th><th>Tail</th><th>Tarsus</th><th>Wing</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Meratus (mean)</th><td>10.63</td><td>5.87</td><td>4.53</td><td>64.78</td><td>20.48</td><td>78.83</td></tr><tr><th>Meratus (s.d.)</th><td>0.37</td><td>0.25</td><td>0.35</td><td>2.86</td><td>1.24</td><td>2.19</td></tr><tr><th>Sabah and Sarawak (mean)</th><td>9.68</td><td>5.48</td><td>3.86</td><td>61.20</td><td>17.98</td><td>72.80</td></tr><tr><th>Sabah and Sarawak (s.d.)</th><td>0.22</td><td>0.31</td><td>0.14</td><td>1.43</td><td>1.32</td><td>1.60</td></tr><tr><th>T-test <i>P</i> value</th><td>0.001</td><td>0.038</td><td>0.003</td><td>0.024</td><td>0.009</td><td>0.001</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 1 in Proximate composition and its seasonal variations of the muscle tissue of Channa striata from Krishna river, Andhra Pradesh
<p><b>Table 1:</b> Variations of biochemical composition of muscle. <i>C</i>. <i>striata</i> (females)</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Seasons</b></th><th><b>Months Protein 2021-2022</b></th><th><b>Fat</b></th><th><b>Moisture</b></th><th><b>Ash</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>South West Monsoon</th><td>June</td><td>22.9</td><td>5.1</td><td>81.5</td><td>1.75</td></tr><tr><td>July</td><td>23.5</td><td>4.9</td><td>82.6</td><td>1.87</td></tr><tr><td>August</td><td>24.3</td><td>4.3</td><td>83.8</td><td>1.99</td></tr><tr><td>September</td><td>23.8</td><td>4.5</td><td>83.4</td><td>2.03</td></tr><tr><th>Post Monsoon</th><td>October November</td><td>22.8 21.5</td><td>4.8 5.2</td><td>83 82</td><td>2.12 2.19</td></tr><tr><th>North East Monsoon</th><td>December January February</td><td>20.4 21.5 21.2</td><td>5.4 4.9 4.6</td><td>82.1 82.3 82.2</td><td>2.01 1.96 1.81</td></tr><tr><th>Summer</th><td>March</td><td>21.8</td><td>4.5</td><td>80.2</td><td>1.79</td></tr><tr><td>April</td><td>22.3</td><td>4.6</td><td>81.5</td><td>1.61</td></tr><tr><td>May</td><td>22.4</td><td>5.2</td><td>80.5</td><td>1.75</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Min.</td><td>20.4</td><td>4.3</td><td>80.2</td><td>1.61</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max.</td><td>24.3</td><td>5.4</td><td>83.8</td><td>2.19</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Avg. 22.36±2.24.83±0.582.09±5.91.90±0.06</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 2 in Proximate composition and its seasonal variations of the muscle tissue of Channa striata from Krishna river, Andhra Pradesh
<p><b>Table 2:</b> Variations of biochemical composition of muscle. <i>C</i>. <i>striata</i> (males)</p><table><tbody><tr><th><b>Seasons</b></th><th><b>Months Protein 2021-2022</b></th><th><b>Fat</b></th><th><b>Moisture</b></th><th><b>Ash</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>South West Monsoon</th><td>June</td><td>23.7</td><td>5.4</td><td>82.4</td><td>1.79</td></tr><tr><td>July</td><td>23.8</td><td>5.1</td><td>83.1</td><td>1.65</td></tr><tr><td>August</td><td>25.2</td><td>4.5</td><td>84.2</td><td>2.05</td></tr><tr><td>September</td><td>25.1</td><td>4.7</td><td>83.8</td><td>2.14</td></tr><tr><th>Post Monsoon</th><td>October November</td><td>24.2 23.5</td><td>4.9 5.3</td><td>82.9 83.2</td><td>2.1 2.25</td></tr><tr><th>North East Monsoon</th><td>December January February</td><td>22.4 22.3 23.2</td><td>5.5 4.6 4.4</td><td>81.2 81.5 80.5</td><td>1.96 1.85 1.72</td></tr><tr><th>Summer</th><td>March</td><td>22.6</td><td>3.8</td><td>80.4</td><td>1.65</td></tr><tr><td>April</td><td>23.5</td><td>3.6</td><td>81.5</td><td>1.84</td></tr><tr><td>May</td><td>22.5</td><td>4.8</td><td>80.6</td><td>1.89</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Min.</td><td>22.3</td><td>3.6</td><td>80.4</td><td>1.72</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Max.</td><td>25.2</td><td>5.5</td><td>84.2</td><td>2.25</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Avg. 23.5±2.54.71±0.582.10±5.81.90±0.05</td></tr></tbody></table>
Mechanical Properties, Workability, and Experiments of Reinforced Composite Beams with Alternative Binder and Aggregate
<p><span>Arguably the most important element in the sustainability of concrete development is the discovery of an optimal sustainable binder and substitution for the increasingly depleted reserves of natural aggregates. Considerable interest has been shown in alkali-activated materials, which possess good characteristics and could be considered environmentally friendly because of their use of secondary materials in production. The aim of this study was the determination of the mechanical properties of three different mixtures based on the same locally accessible raw materials. The reference mixture contained Portland cement, the second mix contained a finely ground granulated blast furnace slag instead of cement, and the third mixture contained a portion of light artificial aggregate. The experiments focused on the testing and mutual comparison of the processability of the fresh mixture and mechanical characteristics (like compressive and flexural strength, as well as resistance to high temperatures and surface layer tear strength tests). Reinforced concrete beams without shear reinforcement and with three levels of reinforcement were also tested with a three-point bend test. The results show that, overall, the mechanical properties of all the tested mixtures were similar, but each had its own disadvantages. For example, the blast furnace slag-based mixture had a more vulnerable surface layer or a debatable loss of bulk density in the light aggregate mix at the expense of the mechanical properties. One of the main results of the research is that it was possible to technologically produce beams from the alkali-activated concrete (AAC) mixture. Then, the performed beam experiments verified the mechanism of damage, collapse, and load capacity. The obtained results are essential because they present the use of AAC not only in laboratory conditions but also for building elements. In beams without shear reinforcement, the typical tensile cracks caused by bending and shear cracks appeared under loading, where their character was affected depending on the degree of beam reinforcement and loading.</span></p>
Repeated autologous fat grafting significantly increases mas-tectomy flap thickness in prepectoral multi-stage composite expander-to-implant breast reconstruction: exploring the con-cept of a reverse expansion
<p>Supplementary material 1 (Video): MRI sequences of a 37-year-old (A), 44-year-old (B) and 46-year-old (C) patient after bilateral mastectomy, sparing both the skin and nipple-areolar com-plexes, with prepectoral insertion of a breast tissue expander. These sequences were captured be-fore repeated sessions of autologous fat grafting to the mastectomy flap and reverse expansion of the expander. In D, E, and F, the corresponding MRI sequences were performed 3 months after 3 sessions of autologous fat grafting each and the exchange of the expander with a definitive im-plant.</p> <p>Supplementary material 2 (Video): Repeated contraction of bilateral pectoralis major muscles in a 37-year-old (A), 44-year-old (B) and 46-year-old (C) patient after bilateral mastectomy sparing both the skin and nipple-areolar complexes, with prepectoral expander-to-implant breast reconstruction and repeated autologous fat grafting sessions while gradually deflating the ex-pander. Note the almost complete absence of breast animation, even in the 44-year-old patient having the implant stabilized with a synthetic, non-absorbable mesh to prevent caudal “bottom-ing out” and lateral migration.</p>
Table 5. Analytical data for miscellaneously attributed samples from Broken Hill, including the Broken Hill Consols Mine. a in Compositions of silver halides from the Broken Hill district, New South Wales
<p><b>Table</b> 5. Analytical data for miscellaneously attributed samples from Broken Hill, including the Broken Hill Consols Mine.a</p><table><tbody><tr><th>No.</th><th><b>Analyses</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>D46338b</th><td>Cl</td><td>60</td><td>57</td><td>57</td><td>53</td><td>56</td><td>57</td><td>58</td><td>68</td><td>56</td><td>66</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>32</td><td>35</td><td>34</td><td>37</td><td>35</td><td>34</td><td>32</td><td>31</td><td>35</td><td>33</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>10</td><td>1</td><td>9</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D26168c</th><td>Cl</td><td>72</td><td>76</td><td>63</td><td>65</td><td>60</td><td>77</td><td>77</td><td>72</td><td>66</td><td>65</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>28</td><td>24</td><td>37</td><td>35</td><td>40</td><td>22</td><td>23</td><td>28</td><td>34</td><td>35</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D28184d</th><td>I Cl</td><td>75</td><td>68</td><td>86</td><td>70</td><td>70</td><td>1 70</td><td>78</td><td>70</td><td>84</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>25</td><td>30</td><td>14</td><td>28</td><td>30</td><td>29</td><td>21</td><td>30</td><td>16</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D28185d</th><td>I Cl</td><td>55</td><td>2 56</td><td>55</td><td>2 56</td><td>55</td><td>155</td><td>1 60</td><td>50</td><td>45</td><td>50</td><td>56</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>43</td><td>43</td><td>44</td><td>43</td><td>44</td><td>43</td><td>40</td><td>46</td><td>45</td><td>45</td><td>41</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>4</td><td>10</td><td>5</td><td>3</td></tr></tbody></table><p>a Analyses reported as in Table I. b Trace S detected. C Traces Pb, Cu, S, As detected. d Consols Mine; traces Pb, As, S, Fe detected.</p>
Table 6. Silver halide analyses from deposits remote from the Broken Hill orebody. a in Compositions of silver halides from the Broken Hill district, New South Wales
<p><b>Table</b> 6. Silver halide analyses from deposits remote from the Broken Hill orebody.a</p><table><tbody><tr><th>No.</th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th><b>Analyses</b></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th><th></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>D30482b</th><td>Cl Br</td><td>84 16</td><td>83 17</td><td>64 31</td><td>61 35</td><td>79 21</td><td>66 34</td><td>64 36</td><td>71 29</td><td>57 41</td><td>60 37</td><td>67 30</td><td>65 32</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>D30480c</th><td>Cl</td><td>65</td><td>61</td><td>59</td><td>62</td><td>61</td><td>64</td><td>60</td><td>56</td><td>59</td><td>60</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>30</td><td>35</td><td>36</td><td>34</td><td>35</td><td>31</td><td>36</td><td>39</td><td>37</td><td>35</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D30484</th><td>Cl</td><td>61</td><td>66</td><td>66</td><td>56</td><td>67</td><td>65</td><td>67</td><td>54</td><td>66</td><td>66</td><td>72</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>38</td><td>31</td><td>30</td><td>42</td><td>31</td><td>30</td><td>28</td><td>45</td><td>31</td><td>31</td><td>26</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>1</td><td>3</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th>D35460d</th><td>Cl</td><td>62</td><td>43</td><td>56</td><td>64</td><td>61</td><td>69</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>38</td><td>53</td><td>43</td><td>36</td><td>36</td><td>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D28186d</th><td>I Cl</td><td>59</td><td>459</td><td>1 72</td><td>64</td><td>3 67</td><td>64</td><td>66</td><td>62</td><td>67</td><td>65</td><td>66</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>40</td><td>41</td><td>28</td><td>33</td><td>29</td><td>33</td><td>32</td><td>38</td><td>31</td><td>32</td><td>32</td><td>30</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td><td>4</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>2</td></tr><tr><th>Dl8714e</th><td>Cl</td><td>74</td><td>71</td><td>66</td><td>79</td><td>71</td><td>77</td><td>75</td><td>72</td><td>70</td><td>70</td><td>76</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>26</td><td>29</td><td>34</td><td>21</td><td>29</td><td>23</td><td>25</td><td>28</td><td>30</td><td>29</td><td>24</td><td>27</td></tr><tr><th>D18719f</th><td>I Cl</td><td>73</td><td>70</td><td>64</td><td>67</td><td>70</td><td>63</td><td>61</td><td>66</td><td>60</td><td>1 57</td><td>63</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>27</td><td>30</td><td>35</td><td>32</td><td>30</td><td>37</td><td>38</td><td>33</td><td>40</td><td>43</td><td>37</td><td>24</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td>11</td><td></td><td></td><td>11</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D18724g</th><td>Cl</td><td>67</td><td>67</td><td>63</td><td>67</td><td>65</td><td>63</td><td>67</td><td>61</td><td>71</td><td>65</td><td>73</td><td>61</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>33</td><td>33</td><td>37</td><td>33</td><td>35</td><td>37</td><td>33</td><td>39</td><td>29</td><td>35</td><td>27</td><td>39</td></tr><tr><th>D18712</th><td>Cl</td><td>76</td><td>78</td><td>85</td><td>76</td><td>62</td><td>84</td><td>82</td><td>75</td><td>85</td><td>76</td><td>68</td><td>66</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>24</td><td>22</td><td>15</td><td>24</td><td>38</td><td>16</td><td>18</td><td>25</td><td>15</td><td>24</td><td>32</td><td>34</td></tr><tr><th>D18720h</th><td>Cl</td><td>62</td><td>67</td><td>66</td><td>81</td><td>57</td><td>74</td><td>75</td><td>79</td><td>66</td><td>90</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>38</td><td>33</td><td>34</td><td>19</td><td>43</td><td>26</td><td>23</td><td>21</td><td>34</td><td>10</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D18721</th><td>Cl</td><td>64</td><td>60</td><td>64</td><td>57</td><td>65</td><td>65</td><td>58</td><td>62</td><td>58</td><td>65</td><td>58</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>36</td><td>40</td><td>36</td><td>43</td><td>35</td><td>35</td><td>42</td><td>37</td><td>42</td><td>35</td><td>42</td><td>25</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p>a Analyses reported in same way as in Table 1. b Traces Pb, As, P, Fe detected. C Traces Pb, S, Fe, As detected; see text re inclusions. d Traces Fe, As detected. e Trace of Pb detected. f Traces Pb, As detected. g Traces of Fe detected. h Traces P, As, Fe detected.</p>
Table 7 in Compositions of silver halides from the Broken Hill district, New South Wales
<p><b>Table</b> 7. Specimen descriptions for silver halides collected remote from the Broken Hill mam lode.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>D30482</th><th>LABEL: Model Republic Mine, Purnamoota, NSW.</th></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Purple halide slug.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>D30480</th><td>LABEL: Embolite (slug), Model Republic Mine, Broken Hill, NSW, Purnamoota.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Grey-purple halide slug with minor coatings of hematite and yellow iron</th></tr><tr><th>oxyhydroxides.</th></tr><tr><th>D30484</th><td>LABEL: Model Republic Mine, Purnamoota, NSW. COMMENTS: Purple halide slug.</td></tr><tr><th>D35460</th><td>LABEL: Silverhalide weighing lbs, Caledonian Mine, Purnamoota, Broken Hill District,</td></tr><tr><th>NSW. COMMENTS: Sawn mass of purple-grey halide containing patches of days and ferruginous</th></tr><tr><th>gossan fragments.</th></tr><tr><th>D28186</th><td>LABEL: Cerargyrite in azurite, War Dance mine, Pumamoota, Barrier Ranges, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Block of azurite with vuglus containing azurite crystals some of which has</th></tr><tr><th>altered to later malachite. The azurite is veined and coated in parts by later greenish</th></tr><tr><th>grey halide.</th></tr><tr><th>D18714</th><td>LABEL: Embolite, Lily mine, Thackaringa, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>COMMENTS: Purple halide slug with minor copper straining and attached mIca flakes on</td></tr><tr><th>surface.</th></tr><tr><th>D18719</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite with native silver, Bobby Bums Mine, Appolym Velly, Barrier Range,</td></tr><tr><th>NSW.</th></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Sawn specimen of compact, ferruginous gossan containing large masses of</th></tr><tr><th>green halide, some of which has been altered to native silver.</th></tr><tr><th>D18724</th><td>LABEL: Embolite with cerussite, Day Dream mine, Barrier Range, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Specimen matrix is massive, ferric oxyhydroxide-coated cerussite with rough,</th></tr><tr><th>angular cavities containing green halide masses and infrequent malachite.</th></tr><tr><th>D18712</th><td>LABEL: Cerargyrite, Black Bird mine, near Silverton, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Vein in-fill of halide in decomposed sehist.</th></tr><tr><th>D18720</th><td>LABEL: Embolite, Maybell North, Mt. Gipps, Barrier Range, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Purple-brown, arborescent to massive halides in ferruginous clay matrix.</th></tr><tr><th>D18721</th><td>LABEL: Cerargyrite, Maybell North Mine, M. Gipps, Barrier Range, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Mass of grey-purple to green halide coated with minor clays and iron</th></tr><tr><th>oxyhydroxides on a decomposed schist base.</th></tr></tbody></table>
Table 4 in Compositions of silver halides from the Broken Hill district, New South Wales
<p><b>Table</b> 4. Analyses of embolites from Broken Hill.a</p><table><tbody><tr><th>No.</th><th><b>Analyses</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>D29370b</th><td>Cl</td><td>60</td><td>62</td><td>61</td><td>63</td><td>66</td><td>74</td><td>66</td><td>61</td><td>76</td><td>19</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>40</td><td>38</td><td>39</td><td>37</td><td>34</td><td>26</td><td>34</td><td>39</td><td>24</td><td>81</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D30446c</th><td>Cl</td><td>71</td><td>70</td><td>77</td><td>76</td><td>76</td><td>67</td><td>76</td><td>81</td><td>75</td><td>67</td><td>76</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>29</td><td>30</td><td>23</td><td>24</td><td>24</td><td>33</td><td>24</td><td>19</td><td>25</td><td>33</td><td>24</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><th>D30481d</th><td>Cl</td><td>64</td><td>66</td><td>66</td><td>68</td><td>61</td><td>61</td><td>68</td><td>71</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D30360d</th><td>Br Cl</td><td>3664</td><td>3465</td><td>3464</td><td>3267</td><td>3964</td><td>3972</td><td>3259</td><td>29 64</td><td>63</td><td>65</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>30</td><td>35</td><td>36</td><td>32</td><td>36</td><td>28</td><td>41</td><td>36</td><td>37</td><td>35</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I6</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D31665</th><td>Cl</td><td>63</td><td>63</td><td>64</td><td>68</td><td>65</td><td>69</td><td>66</td><td>68</td><td>64</td><td>67</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>37</td><td>36</td><td>36</td><td>30</td><td>35</td><td>31</td><td>34</td><td>32</td><td>33</td><td>33</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D3639ge</th><td>Cl</td><td>67</td><td>67</td><td>68</td><td>73</td><td>63</td><td>65</td><td>63</td><td>65</td><td>71</td><td>62</td><td>68</td><td>64</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>33</td><td>33</td><td>32</td><td>27</td><td>37</td><td>35</td><td>36</td><td>35</td><td>29</td><td>38</td><td>32</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><th>I D36399fCl</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td>1 1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>99</td><td>99</td><td>100</td><td>99</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D35996g</th><td>Cl</td><td>67</td><td>66</td><td>73</td><td>67</td><td>69</td><td>63</td><td>78</td><td>67</td><td>62</td><td>61</td><td>2</td><td>6</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>31</td><td>34</td><td>27</td><td>33</td><td>31</td><td>37</td><td>22</td><td>33</td><td>38</td><td>39</td><td></td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>9891</td></tr><tr><th>D33111h</th><td>Cl</td><td>60</td><td>63</td><td>68</td><td>64</td><td>64</td><td>70</td><td>66</td><td>67</td><td>61</td><td>53</td><td>66</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>40</td><td>37</td><td>32</td><td>36</td><td>36</td><td>30</td><td>34</td><td>33</td><td>39</td><td>44</td><td>34</td><td>35</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D32138c</th><td>Cl</td><td>56</td><td>79</td><td>80</td><td>73</td><td>57</td><td>85</td><td>81</td><td>64</td><td>77</td><td>55</td><td>56</td><td>60</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>42</td><td>21</td><td>15</td><td>27</td><td>42</td><td>15</td><td>19</td><td>32</td><td>23</td><td>45</td><td>43</td><td>40</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I2</td><td></td><td>5</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D29066i</th><td>Cl</td><td>50</td><td>60</td><td>62</td><td>60</td><td>67</td><td>60</td><td>50</td><td>53</td><td>53</td><td>51</td><td>44</td><td>59</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>41</td><td>32</td><td>34</td><td>35</td><td>28</td><td>34</td><td>41</td><td>40</td><td>39</td><td>36</td><td>40</td><td>36</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>4</td><td>5</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>9</td><td>7</td><td>8</td><td>13</td><td>16</td><td>5</td></tr><tr><th>D34495c</th><td>Cl</td><td>63</td><td>68</td><td>63</td><td>64</td><td>63</td><td>65</td><td>63</td><td>57</td><td>67</td><td>67</td><td>2</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>37</td><td>32</td><td>37</td><td>36</td><td>37</td><td>34</td><td>36</td><td>43</td><td>32</td><td>33</td><td>3</td><td>4</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>11</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td>9593</td></tr></tbody></table><p>a Analyses are reported in the same way as in Table I. b Traces Fe, As detected. C Trace As detected. d Traces As, S, Fe detected. e Greenish yellow phase; traces Cu, As, Fe detected. f Bright yellow phase; traces Pb, As detected. g Traces Pb, As detected. h Traces Pb, As, Fe detected. i Trace Fe detected.</p>
Table 2. Specimen descriptions for silver halides from the Broken Hill mam lode and the Broken Hill Consols Mine. a in Compositions of silver halides from the Broken Hill district, New South Wales
<p><b>Table</b> 2. Specimen descriptions for silver halides from the Broken Hill mam lode and the Broken Hill Consols Mine.a</p><table><tbody><tr><th>D18759</th><th>LABEL: No.682 Iodembolite changing into native silver, Proprietary, Broken Hill.</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><td>LABEL: Iodembolite and native As <i>(sic),</i> Broken Hill.</td></tr><tr><td>COMMENTS: On the first label, the word "bromyrite" is crossed out and replaced by the word "iodembolite."</td></tr><tr><th>Sample consists of massive green halide altering to native silver, accompanied by some soft orange clay.</th></tr><tr><th>D35986</th><td>LABEL: Embolite on matrix, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>Comment: Ferruginous, manganiferous gossan cementing quartz chips and fragments coated by purple-brown</th></tr><tr><th>halide, then by later greenish halide in worm-like masses. Both halides were analysed but could not be</th></tr><tr><th>distinguished.</th></tr><tr><th>DI0481</th><td>LABEL: Cerargyrite on kaolin, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Green halide masses and veinlets in massIve kaolinite.</th></tr><tr><th>D34811</th><td>LABEL: Embolite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Yellowish halide with minor iron oxyhydroxides with later bright yellow dusting of second</th></tr><tr><th>generation halide. The latter is iodargyrite, by analysis.</th></tr><tr><th>D23904</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Waxy, yellow-green halide globules to 2 mm on porous, hematite gossan.</th></tr><tr><th>D24260</th><td>LABEL: Iodargyrite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Waxy, yellow-green, massive halide.</th></tr><tr><th>D25918</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite with cerussite, Proprietary Mine, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><td>COMMENTS: Halides altered by light exposure to black masses on massive cerussite associated with orange</td></tr><tr><th>iron oxyhydroxides. Cerussite inclusions were detected in the prepared samples.</th></tr><tr><th>D28196</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite, Proprietary Mine, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Well-crystallised yellow-green halides associated with minor iron oxyhydroxides; crystals of</th></tr><tr><th>bromian chlorargyrites to 2 mm.</th></tr><tr><th>D29303</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite in kaolin, Block 11, Proprietary Mine, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><td>COMMENTS: Massive white kaolinite matrix bearing small red garnet crystals is impregnated with green</td></tr><tr><th>halide masses and veinlets; this material was analysed. An open vugh in the specimen contained large (to 5</th></tr><tr><th>mm) halide crystals, some of which were coated with a second generation of bright yellow powdery halide.</th></tr><tr><th>D29383</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><td>COMMENTS: Stalactitic coronadite with later purple halide crystals to 4 mm. X-ray map showed bright patch</td></tr><tr><th>of AgI and another of a Pb-rich phase.</th></tr><tr><th>D20648</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite with smithsonite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Minor coronadite with clays and iron oxides accompany the bulk of the specimen which</th></tr><tr><th>consists of an intergrowth of "teardrop" and crystallised smithsonite, cerussite (minor) and yellow-green</th></tr><tr><th>halide; the smithsonite was last to crystallise.</th></tr><tr><th>D25951</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite with iodyrite, Proprietary Mine, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Bright yellow crystalline masses of halide coated by later greenish-yellow to brown colloform</th></tr><tr><th></th><td>halide. Analyses do not distinguish between the different coloured phases; the specimen is dusted by later</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>iron oxyhydroxides.</td></tr><tr><th>D26980</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>Comment: Specimen consists of aggregates of cerussite crystals and some massive cerussite cemented by</th></tr><tr><th>later yellow-green halide in crystals to 3 mm. X-ray map shows cerussite inclusions in halide.</th></tr><tr><th>D28194</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite, Proprietary Mine, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Ferruginous gossan coated with purple-grey material and waxy, green halide masses.</th></tr><tr><th>D30448</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite on matrix, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Matrix is rotten, oxidised garnet sandstone containing quartz fragments and siliceous iron-rich</th></tr><tr><th>gossan bearing yellow crystals of halide on more open, vughy areas and yellow-green masses in cavities;</th></tr><tr><th>some filiform masses to I cm coat the specimen.</th></tr><tr><th>D31586</th><td>LABEL: Iodembolite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Slug of halide varying in colour from green to yellow and then to purple-brown.</th></tr><tr><th>D29370</th><td>LABEL: Embolite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Matrix is a fine-grained, cerussite-rich, banded material after garnet sandstone coated and</th></tr><tr><th>impregnated by greenish brown, arborescent masses of halide.</th></tr><tr><th>D30466</th><td>LABEL: Embolite on kaolin, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>COMMENTS: Specimen consists of masses of waxy, green halide crystals to 7 mm impregnating a mass of</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>kaolinite bearing minor Mn oxides.</td></tr><tr><th>D30481</th><td>LABEL: Embolite in kaolin, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Dense, Grey, banded halide associated with mmor Fe-stained clay.</th></tr><tr><th>D30360</th><td>LABEL: Embolite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Specimen consists of a massive and reticulated crystalline cerussite nodule bearing yellow-green</th></tr><tr><th></th><td>halide crystals in cavities; minor limonite coatings invest parts of the specimen.</td></tr><tr><th>D31665</th><td>LABEL: Embolite with cerussite and malachite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>COMMENTS: Massive cerussite is coated by later purple-grey halide crystals to 2 mm; malachite crystal</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>plates are scattered across both phases.</td></tr><tr><th>D36399</th><td>LABEL: Embolite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Matrix of coronadite gossan is coated with yellow-green halide crystals and separate, bright</th></tr><tr><th>yellow halide masses; both halide phases were analysed separately.</th></tr><tr><th>D35996</th><td>LABEL: Embolite in kaolin, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Veinlets of green halide invest massive kaolinite.</th></tr><tr><th>D33111</th><td>LABEL: Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>COMMENTS: Unidentified green copper mineral coats mass of green halides bearing later native copper; base of specimen bears a bright, apple-green species and minor iron oxyhydroxides.</td></tr><tr><th>D32138</th><td>LABEL: Embolitedendroids, Proprietary Block 14 Mine, Broken hill, NSW (Presented Block 14 Ltd).</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>COMMENTS: Green dendroidal sheet of halide dusted with powdery blue copper mineral (unidentified).</td></tr><tr><th>D29066</th><td>LABEL: Embolite with iodyrite in kaolin, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Massive, yellow-green halide.</th></tr><tr><th>D34495</th><td>LABEL: Embolite, colloform arborescent masses, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Yellow to greenish brown colloform masses of halide associated with minor clays.</th></tr><tr><th>D46338</th><td>LABEL: Bromyrite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Aggregates of yellow to bright yellow halide crystals to 3 mm on orange ferruginous gossan.</th></tr><tr><th>D26168</th><td>LABEL: Cerargyrite in kaolin with malachite, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Green halide masses in kaolinite with red garnets; later dusting of malachite.</th></tr><tr><th>D28184</th><td>LABEL: Cerargyrite, Consols Mine, Broken Hill, NSW.</td></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Slug of purple-grey halide with minor quartz inclusions; some halide is crystalline.</th></tr><tr><th>D28185</th><td>LABEL: Cerargyrite with bromyrite and silver-chloro-antimoniat <i>(sic)</i> in limonite, Consols Mine, Broken Hill,</td></tr><tr><th>NSW.</th></tr><tr><th>COMMENTS: Matrix is a ferruginous gossan bearing some compact hematite masses one side of the specimen</th></tr><tr><th>bears bright yellow halide crystals; the other (analysed) was coated with yellowish green halide crystals to</th></tr><tr><th>1.5 mm.</th></tr></tbody></table><p>a In order of discussion in text; in the Table, "Label:" refers to the specimen description on the Australian Museum label <i>(verbatim).</i></p>
Table 3 in Compositions of silver halides from the Broken Hill district, New South Wales
<p><b>Table</b> 3. Compositions of <i>iodembolites</i> from Broken Hill."</p><table><tbody><tr><th>No.</th><th><b>Composition</b></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>D25918b</th><td><b>Cl</b></td><td>65</td><td>61</td><td>66</td><td>67</td><td>68</td><td>64</td><td>61</td><td>64</td><td>81</td><td>62</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>35</td><td>39</td><td>34</td><td>33</td><td>32</td><td>36</td><td>39</td><td>36</td><td>19</td><td>38</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D28196c</th><td>Cl</td><td>80</td><td>66</td><td>84</td><td>83</td><td>68</td><td>65</td><td>68</td><td>73</td><td>63</td><td>66</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D29303d</th><td>Br Cl</td><td>2060</td><td>3460</td><td>1657</td><td>1767</td><td>3267</td><td>3567</td><td>3265</td><td>2766</td><td>3768</td><td>34 69</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>40</td><td>40</td><td>43</td><td>33</td><td>33</td><td>33</td><td>35</td><td>34</td><td>32</td><td>31</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D29383e</th><td>Cl</td><td>63</td><td>50</td><td>52</td><td>62</td><td>63</td><td>78</td><td>65</td><td>66</td><td>61</td><td>52</td><td>62</td><td>2</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>37</td><td>50</td><td>48</td><td>38</td><td>37</td><td>22</td><td>35</td><td>34</td><td>39</td><td>48</td><td>38</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>98</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D20648</th><td>Cl</td><td>54</td><td>78</td><td>74</td><td>71</td><td>77</td><td>70</td><td>78</td><td>74</td><td>82</td><td>71</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>42</td><td>22</td><td>26</td><td>29</td><td>22</td><td>29</td><td>22</td><td>26</td><td>18</td><td>29</td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td>4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>100100</td><td>99</td></tr><tr><th>D25951b</th><td>Cl Br</td><td>61 39</td><td>63 37</td><td>60 40</td><td>64 36</td><td>65 35</td><td>67 33</td><td>80 20</td><td>67 33</td><td>64 36</td><td>66 34</td><td>63 36</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D26980e</th><td>Cl</td><td>78</td><td>79</td><td>67</td><td>61</td><td>65</td><td>79</td><td>61</td><td>71</td><td>66</td><td>76</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>22</td><td>20</td><td>33</td><td>39</td><td>35</td><td>21</td><td>39</td><td>29</td><td>34</td><td>24</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td>1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D28194e</th><td>Cl</td><td>64</td><td>64</td><td>60</td><td>65</td><td>72</td><td>63</td><td>76</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>36</td><td>36</td><td>40</td><td>33</td><td>26</td><td>37</td><td>34</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>22</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D30448c</th><td>Cl</td><td>57</td><td>64</td><td>61</td><td>68</td><td>64</td><td>59</td><td>69</td><td>63</td><td>66</td><td>58</td><td>64</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>Br</td><td>41</td><td>26</td><td>37</td><td>32</td><td>36</td><td>39</td><td>30</td><td>37</td><td>34</td><td>39</td><td>36</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I2</td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td>21</td><td></td><td></td><td>3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>D31586f</th><td>Cl Br</td><td>57 43</td><td>64 34</td><td>61 39</td><td>60 38</td><td>50 46</td><td>47 39</td><td>54 39</td><td>62 38</td><td>62 35</td><td>60 38</td><td>60 38</td><td>67 32</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td>I</td><td></td><td>2</td><td></td><td>2</td><td>4</td><td>14</td><td>7</td><td></td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>2</td><td>1</td><td></td></tr></tbody></table><p>a Analyses are reported in the same way as in Table 1. b Traces of As, Pb, Fe detected. C Traces of Pb, Fe detected. d Traces S, As, Fe, detected. e Traces Fe, As detected. f Traces Pb, S, P, As, Fe detected.</p>
Table 1 in Compositions of silver halides from the Broken Hill district, New South Wales
<p><b>Table</b> 1. Compositions derived from spot analyses of selected specimens of silver halides from Broken Hill.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>No.a</th><th>Compositionb</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th>D18759</th><td>Cl</td><td>8</td><td>11</td><td>9</td><td>8</td><td>10</td><td>12</td><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>10</td><td>11</td><td>10</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><td>Br</td><td>86</td><td>83</td><td>82</td><td>83</td><td>84</td><td>80</td><td>82</td><td>81</td><td>80</td><td>81</td><td>83</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><td>I</td><td>6</td><td>6</td><td>9</td><td>9</td><td>6</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>10</td><td>8</td><td>7</td><td>10</td></tr><tr><th>D35986c</th><td>Cl</td><td>67</td><td>67</td><td>67</td><td>68</td><td>72</td><td>65</td><td>68</td><td>67</td><td>70</td><td>68</td><td>66</td><td>68</td></tr><tr><td>Br</td><td>33</td><td>33</td><td>33</td><td>32</td><td>28</td><td>35</td><td>32</td><td>33</td><td>30</td><td>32</td><td>34</td><td>32</td></tr><tr><th>D10481d</th><td>Cl</td><td>69</td><td>86</td><td>85</td><td>55</td><td>72</td><td>62</td><td>30</td><td>79</td><td>60</td><td>68</td><td>75</td><td>67</td></tr><tr><td>Br</td><td>31</td><td>14</td><td>15</td><td>45</td><td>28</td><td>38</td><td>70</td><td>21</td><td>40</td><td>32</td><td>25</td><td>33</td></tr><tr><th>D34811</th><td>Cl</td><td></td><td>TODO</td><td></td><td>1</td><td>TODO</td><td></td><td>TODO</td><td>TODO</td><td>TODO</td><td>63</td><td>65</td><td>65</td></tr><tr><td>Br</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>TODO</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>262524</td></tr><tr><td>I</td><td>100</td><td>99</td><td>100</td><td>99</td><td>98</td><td>100</td><td>99</td><td>99</td><td>99</td><td>11</td><td>10</td><td>11</td></tr><tr><th>D23904e</th><td>Cl</td><td>63</td><td>65</td><td>63</td><td>68</td><td>65</td><td>65</td><td>65</td><td>66</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>Br</td><td>30</td><td>28</td><td>30</td><td>28</td><td>29</td><td>30</td><td>27</td><td>26</td><td>2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><td>I</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>7</td><td>4</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>98</td><td>100</td><td>100</td><td>100</td></tr><tr><th>D24260f</th><td>Cl</td><td>69</td><td>71</td><td>73</td><td>75</td><td>67</td><td>72</td><td>73</td><td>71</td><td>67</td><td>67</td><td>72</td><td>81</td></tr><tr><td>Br</td><td>31</td><td>29</td><td>27</td><td>25</td><td>33</td><td>28</td><td>27</td><td>29</td><td>33</td><td>33</td><td>28</td><td>19</td></tr></tbody></table><p>a Australian Museum specimen number. b Compositions expressed in mol% terms; thus, the first analysis for D18759 corresponds to AgClo.osBro.S6Io.06' For specimen descriptions see Table 2. Where no number is reported in the Table, the halogen was not detected during analysis; traces of As detected. C Traces of Pb, As, Fe detected. d Traces of P detected. e Traces of As detected. f Traces of Pb, P, As detected.</p>
Thermogravimetric data for synthesized polyurethanes and their composites with lignin or biochar
<p>This is a dataset of thermogravimetric data for polyurethanes and their composites containing either lignin or biochar, synthesized on purpose</p>
Data for "Nanoscale modification of MOC-based composites: The influence of alumina nanosheets on microstructure and material properties"
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Code and Data for Sturm and Silva (2024) A nudge to the truth: atom conservation as a hard constraint in models of atmospheric composition using an uncertainty-weighted correction
<p>This record contains the Julia photochemical model (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13385541) output in csv format used for training XGBoost in ProjectionConservationRF.py to emulate ozone photochemical formation. Nonphysical predictions that violate conservation of atoms are corrected using a closed-form, constrained least-squares approach that factors in uncertainty and scale using species-level weights. The file ozoneNOx_visualization.py contains an example and visualization for a smaller system, the primary photolytic cycle from which the Leighton relationship can be derived.</p> <p>The corresponding preprint is available here: <a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.16109">https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2408.16109</a></p>
Evolutionary trends in the compositional structure of the SARS-CoV-2 genome during the pandemic
<p>By computing a measure of compositional genome structure in random datasets of coronavirus genomes, we observed a long-term decreasing trend in this measure, accompanied by an increasing evolutionary rate.</p> <p> </p>
Processed extreme composite cyclone datasets from X-SHiELD simulations.
<p>Processed extreme cyclones composites datasets during 2020-2022 from X-SHiELD simulations (see Cheng et al. (2022) and Harris et al. (2023) for details on the X-SHiELD model and experiment setups), including total column water vapour (TCWV in the paper, but here shortened as iwp), total precipitation (pr), and 10-m wind speeds for both the current climate and a warming scenario with a uniform 4-K increase in sea surface temperature.</p>
Data from: Non-linear responses of soil nematode community composition to increasing aridity
Aim: Increasing aridity under global change is predicted to have a profound impact on the structure and functioning of terrestrial ecosystems, yet we have poor understanding of how belowground communities respond. In order to understand the longer-term responses of different trophic levels in the soil food web to increasing aridity, we investigated the abundance, richness and community similarity of the soil nematode community along a 3200-km aridity gradient. Location: A transect across semi-arid and arid grasslands in Northern China, where the aridity ranges from 0.43 to 0.97. Time period: July and August 2012. Major taxa studied: Soil-borne Nematoda. Methods: We used Generalized Additive (Mixed) Models to analyze the abundance, richness and community similarity patterns of soil nematodes. We used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to disentangle the direct and indirect environmental drivers (aridity, soil and plant variables) of the nematode community. Results: The abundance, richness and similarity of nematode communities declined non-linearly with increasing aridity. The most pronounced decline in nematode richness and community similarity occurred under arid conditions (aridity > 0.80). However, the shape of response to aridity differed among nematode feeding groups. Under arid conditions, the abundance and richness of bacterial feeders were less sensitive to changes in aridity than fungal feeders. The SEM analysis revealed that nematode community responses to aridity were not mediated via changes in plant and soil variables, but rather were directly affected by aridity. Main conclusions: Our results show that in mesic grasslands increasing aridity primarily caused decline in nematode abundance, whereas increasing aridity in xeric grasslands led to loss of nematode diversity. The non-linear responses of nematodes to aridity could result in non-linear shifts in ecosystem functioning as well, because soil nematodes operate at various trophic levels in the soil food web, thereby influencing the performance of plants, soil biodiversity and biogeochemical cycling.
Data from: Local prey community composition and genetic distance predict venom divergence among populations of the northern Pacific rattlesnake (Crotalus oreganus)
Identifying the environmental correlates of divergence in functional traits between populations can provide insights into the evolutionary mechanisms that generate local adaptation. Here, we assess patterns of population differentiation in expressed venom proteins in Northern Pacific rattlesnakes (Crotalus oreganus) from 13 locations across California. We evaluate the relative importance of major biotic (prey species community composition), abiotic (temperature, precipitation, and elevation) and genetic factors (genetic distance based on RADseq loci) as correlates of population divergence in venom phenotypes. We found that over half of the variation in venom composition is associated with among-population differentiation for genetic and environmental variables, and that this variation occurred along axes defining previously observed functional trade-offs between venom proteins that have neurotoxic, myotoxic and hemorrhagic effects. Surprisingly, genetic differentiation among populations was the best predictor of venom divergence, accounting for 46% of overall variation, whereas differences in prey community composition and abiotic factors explained smaller amounts of variation (23% and 19%, respectively). The association between genetic differentiation and venom composition could be due to an isolation by distance effect or, more likely it may reflect an isolation-by-environment effect where selection against recent migrants is strong, producing a correlation between neutral genetic differentiation and venom differentiation. Our findings suggest that even coarse estimates of prey community composition can be useful in understanding the selection pressures acting on patterns of venom protein expression. Additionally, our results suggest that factors other than adaptation to spatial variation in prey need to be considered when explaining population divergence in venom.
Data from: Spatial heterogeneity in species composition constrains plant community responses to herbivory and fertilization
Environmental change can result in substantial shifts in community composition. The associated immigration and extinction events are likely constrained by the spatial distribution of species. Still, studies on environmental change typically quantify biotic responses at single spatial (time series within a single plot) or temporal (spatial beta-diversity at single time points) scales, ignoring their potential interdependence. Here, we use data from a global network of grassland experiments to determine how turnover responses to two major forms of environmental change – fertilization and herbivore loss – are affected by species pool size and spatial compositional heterogeneity. Fertilization led to higher rates of local extinction whereas turnover in herbivore exclusion plots was driven by species replacement. Overall, sites with more spatially heterogeneous composition showed significantly higher rates of annual turnover, independent of species pool size and treatment. Taking into account spatial biodiversity aspects will therefore improve our understanding of consequences of global and anthropogenic change on community dynamics.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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