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Figure 192 in Contributions to scorpion systematics. III. Subfamilies Smeringurinae and Syntropinae (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Figure 192: Histogram showing maximized morphometric ratios of species (female) in genera Hoffmannius, Kochius, and Thorellius. See Figure 193 for data on male, and Table 6 for additional data. Variance analysis p-values depicted in rectangles, Hoffmannius as compared to Thorellius and Kochius on left, and Kochius as compared to Thorellius on right. Statistically significant p-values (i.e., very small) indicated with black arrow. See Fig. 1 for explanation of histogram components.

Figure 194 in Contributions to scorpion systematics. III. Subfamilies Smeringurinae and Syntropinae (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Figure 194: Morphometric ratios contrasting metasomal segments (length/width) for species in tribe Syntropini (male). Variance analysis p-values depicted in rectangles, Hoffmannius as compared to Kochius. Statistically significant p-values (i.e., very small) indicated with black arrow. See Fig. 1 for explanation of histogram components.

Figure 32 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 32: Relative position of chelal trichobothrium dst in Calchas with respect to trichobothria dt and db. Trichobothrium dst mean position indicated by open circle based on 30 samples (other fixed finger trichobothria not shown). Method of measurement: dt|dst = distance between dt and dst, dst|db = distance between dst and db. Histogram of morphometric ratio shows mean (vertical bar), minimum, maximum, and standard error (black rectangle) ranges. We see two significant dst positional differences in these species: In C. birulai, trichobothrium dst is approximately at midpoint between dt and db whereas in C. nordmanni and C. gruberi, dst is considerably distal of midpoint, most exaggerated in C. gruberi.

Figures 209–217 in Contributions to scorpion systematics. III. Subfamilies Smeringurinae and Syntropinae (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Figures 209–217: Kochius kovariki, sp. nov., female holotype. 209. Leg III tarsus, ventral view, showing median spinule row and four pairs of distal spinules. 210. Metasomal segment V, ventral view, showing narrowly bifurcated ventromedian carina. 211. Chelal movable fingers showing dentition pattern and position of trichobothria ib–it, fixed finger left and movable finger right. 212. Carapace with close-up of lateral eyes. 213. Stigma. 214. Chelicerae, ventral, external, and dorsal views. 215. Pecten. 216. Metasomal segments IV–V and telson, lateral view. 217. Telson, ventral view.

Figure 17 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 17: Leg tarsus spination in Calchas gruberi, sp. nov., ventral surface, juvenile male, Antalya, Turkey.

Figure 9 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 9: Cheliceral movable finger, ventral view, showing well developed serrula. Top. Calchas birulai, sp. nov., female, Nemrut Dağı, Turkey. Bottom. C. gruberi, sp. nov., juvenile male, Antalya, Turkey.

Figure 6 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 6: Pecten of Calchas gruberi, sp. nov., female, Antalya, Turkey, showing close-up of peg sensilla.

Figures 160–169 in Contributions to scorpion systematics. III. Subfamilies Smeringurinae and Syntropinae (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Figures 160–169: Metasomal segment IV, lateral and dorsal views, showing development of the terminus of the dorsal (D) and dorsolateral (DL) carinae for the three subfamilies of Vaejovidae. Subfamily Smeringurinae: 160. Paruroctonus stahnkei, male, Mesa, Arizona, USA. 161. Smeringurus aridus, male, ABDSP, California, USA. 162. Vejovoidus longiunguis, male, Las Bombas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 163. Paravaejovis pumilis, male, Ciudad Constitución, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Subfamily Syntropinae: 164. Stahnkeus subtilimanus, ABDSP, California, USA. 165. Kochius punctipalpi punctipalpi, female, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 166. Hoffmannius viscainensis, male, Las Bombas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 167. Hoffmannius gravicaudus, female, Santa Rosalia, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Subfamily Vaejovinae: 168. Vaejovis solegladi, female, Cuicatlan, Oaxaca, Mexico. 169. Pseudouroctonus reddelli, male, Comal Co., Texas, USA. AC = articulation condyle, td1 = terminal denticle of dorsal carina, td2 = terminal denticle of dorsolateral carina. After Soleglad & Fet (2003b), in part.

Figures 170–181 in Contributions to scorpion systematics. III. Subfamilies Smeringurinae and Syntropinae (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Figures 170–181: Telson, lateral view, of representative Syntropini species. 170. Kochius hirsuticauda, female, Indian Gorge Canyon, ABDSP, California, USA. 171. K. bruneus loretoensis, male, Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 172. K. punctipalpi punctipalpi, female, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 173. K. punctipalpi punctipalpi, male, Los Aripes, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Note the significant sexual dimorphism in this species. 174. K. cazieri, male, Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, Mexico. 175. K. russelli female, Deming, New Mexico, USA. 176. Thorellius atrox, female, Colima, Colima, Mexico. 177. T. cristimanus, male, Autlán, Jalisco, Mexico. 178. Hoffmannius globosus, female, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico. 179. H. eusthenura, male, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 180. Syntropis williamsi, female holotype, Los Aripes, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 181. S. macrura, female, Isla Carmen, Baja California Sur, Mexico. (Figs. 180, 181 after Soleglad et al., 2007, in part).

Figures 182–190 in Contributions to scorpion systematics. III. Subfamilies Smeringurinae and Syntropinae (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Figures 182–190: Base of telson vesicle, dorsal view, showing development of vesicular "tabs" (pointed to by arrow) in subfamilies Syntropinae and Smeringurinae. Note the reduced tabs, the sharp granules essentially obsolete, in Smeringurus, Paravaejovis, and Vejovoidus, whereas in Paruroctonus and subfamily Syntropinae, the spine is distinct and well developed. 182. Hoffmannius waeringi, male, Indian Gorge Canyon, ABDSP, California, USA. 183. Kochius punctipalpi punctipalpi, female, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 184. Stahnkeus subtilimanus, female, Split Mountain, ABDSP, California, USA. 185. Paruroctonus becki, male, Cottonwood Springs, Joshua Tree National Monument, California, USA. 186. Paruroctonus silvestrii, Chihuahua Road, ABDSP, California, USA. 187. Paruroctonus luteolus, male, Palo Verde Wash, ABDSP, California, USA. 188. Smeringurus mesaensis, female, Palo Verde Wash, ABDSP, California, USA. 189. Paravaejovis pumilis, male, Ciudad Constitución, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 190. Vejovoidus longiunguis, female, Las Bombas, Baja California Sur, Mexico.

Figure 19 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 19: Distal aspect of leg basitarsus in Calchas gruberi, sp. nov., Antalya, Turkey. Left. Adult male, showing "rosette" structure with seven denticles. Right-Bottom. Juvenile male, "rosette" with five denticles. Right-Top. Slit sensilla (indicated by ss) and "rosette".

Figures 152–159 in Contributions to scorpion systematics. III. Subfamilies Smeringurinae and Syntropinae (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Figures 152–159: Diagrammatic view of chelal palm, proximal aspect, showing digital carinae (D1–D5). In particular, this perspective shows the profiled development of the subdigital (D2) carina and its relative position with respect to D1 and D3. See Figs. 140–145 for lateral view of D2 carina showing its relative length as compared to chelal palm length. 152. Kochius punctipalpi punctipalpi, female, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 153. K. bruneus loretoensis, male, Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 154. K. hirsuticauda, female, Indian Gorge Canyon, ABDSP, California, USA. 155. K. cazieri, male, Cuatro Ciénegas, Coahuila, Mexico. 156. K. russelli, female, Deming, New Mexico, USA. 157. Thorellius intrepidus, male, Mexico. 158. T. cristimanus, male, Autlán, Jalisco, Mexico. 159. T. atrox, female, Colima, Colima, Mexico. D1 = digital carina, D2 = subdigital carina, D3 = dorsosecondary carina, D4 = dorsomarginal carina, D5 = dorsointernal carina.

Figures 140–151 in Contributions to scorpion systematics. III. Subfamilies Smeringurinae and Syntropinae (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Figures 140–151: Chela, external view, of representative Kochius, Thorellius, Hoffmannius, and Syntropis species, showing carination and trichobothria pattern. In particular note the well developed subdigital (D2) carina, the mid-palm position of trichobothrium Dt, and location of Db dorsal of the digital (D1) carina. 140. Kochius punctipalpi punctipalpi, female, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 141. K. hirsuticauda, female, Indian Gorge Canyon, ABDSP, California, USA. 142. K. bruneus loretoensis, male, Loreto, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 143. K russelli, female, Deming, New Mexico, USA. 144. Thorellius intrepidus, male, Mexico. 145. T. atrox, female, Colima, Colima, Mexico. 146. Hoffmannius eusthenura, male, Cabo San Lucas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 147. H. gravicaudus, female, Santa Rosalia, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 148. H. globosus, female, Zacatecas, Zacatecas, Mexico. 149. H. puritanus, male, Jasper Trail, ABDSP, California, USA. 150. H. viscainensis, female, Las Bombas, Baja California Sur, Mexico. 151. Syntropis williamsi, male paratype, Los Aripes, Baja California Sur, Mexico (after Soleglad et al., 2007: fig. 13, in part).

Figure 5 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 5: Prepectinal plate in Calchas. Top. Close-up of prepectinal plate of Calchas birulai, sp. nov., female, Nemrut Dağı, Turkey. Bottom. Detached prepectinal plate of C. gruberi, sp. nov., female, Antalya, Turkey, and close-up showing surface of the plate.

Figure 8 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 8: Chelicera, Calchas birulai, sp. nov., female, Nemrut Dağı, Turkey. Dorsal view (top, right chelicera), ventral view (bottom, left chelicera reversed). Diagnostic large basal ventral accessory (va) denticle and large subdistal (sd) denticle indicated.

Figure 22 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 22: Right hemispermatophore of Calchas birulai, sp. nov., Kavurma Köyü, Turkey. Left. Dorsal view. Right. Ventral view. Central, Left. Close-up of capsular area, interodorsal view, internal protuberance visible, though angled slightly outward towards figure plane. Central, Right. Internal view, internal protuberance barely visible, angled directly into figure plane. Note that the truncated nature of the acuminate process distal tip is visible in this view.

Figure 1 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 1: Original description of Calchas (Birula, 1899). Left. Text in Russian, diagnosis in Latin. Right. English translation.

Figure 191 in Contributions to scorpion systematics. III. Subfamilies Smeringurinae and Syntropinae (Scorpiones: Vaejovidae)

Figure 191: Metasomal segment (I–IV) proportions for subfamily Smeringurinae (ratios = segment width / segment length). Data include both adult males and females combined. These data show that Smeringurus segments are significantly thinner than in the other three genera, not only showing complete separation between standard error ranges, but for all data points. Statistical difference between Smeringurus and Paruroctonus is indicated by significant standard error separation and the negligible variance analysis value (p-value). In addition, segment III is at least twice as long as wide (indicated by 0.500 triangle marker) and segment IV is in general three times as long as wide (indicated by 0.333 triangle marker). The other genera cluster together, with Vejovoidus and Paravaejovis exhibiting the most stocky metasoma. The data, which encompass all species currently defined in Smeringurinae, were gathered from measurements calculated in this study as well as published measurements, primarily from those sources where the species were originally described (i.e., most measurements are from type specimens). See Fig. 1 for explanation of histogram components.

Figure 12 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 12: Diagrammatic view of pedipalp chela from the finger's perspective showing the eight primary carinae in genus Calchas. This carinal arrangement complies with the "8- carinae" configuration, note the absence of the V2 (ventromedian) and D2 (subdigital) carinae. Dotted portions indicate fixed and movable fingers and socket areas. D1 = digital carina, D3 = dorsosecondary carina; D4 = dorsomarginal carina, D5 = dorsointernal carina, V1 = ventroexternal carina, V3 = ventrointernal carina, E = external carina, I = internal carina. Diagram based on male C. nordmanni.

Figure 15 in Etudes on iurids, II. Revision of genus Calchas Birula, 1899, with the description of two new species (Scorpiones: Iuridae)

Figure 15: External view of pedipalp chela showing constellation array of Calchas birulai, sp. nov., female, Nemrut Dağı, Turkey. Note that this species exhibits eight sensilla, considerably less than that found in C. gruberi, sp. nov., which has 15 sensilla (see Fig. 14). Also visible are eight fixed finger trichobothria, eb–et and db–dt, showing the pattern representative of C. birulai.