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3,136 results for “Terrestrialization”
FIGURE 10 in Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe
FIGURE 10. Microplana terrestris (Müller 1774). Müller's description of 1774 (as Fasciola terrestris). This is the first published description of any terrestrial planarian.
FIGURE 26. Microplana groga n in Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe
FIGURE 26. Microplana groga n. sp. Specimen FG3 of Mateos et al. (1998). NHML, 1998.2.9.5. Anterior to the right. a. Longitudinal section showing the expanded sperm duct, penis and vagina. b–g. Sections at intervals through the vagina and genito-intestinal canal. Note that the genito-intestinal canal forks and there are two openings to the intestine, one on either side. (b) shows the opening of the genito-intestinal canal on one side, and (g) on the other side. All to the same scale.
FIGURE 7 in Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe
FIGURE 7. Microplana scharffi (Graff 1896). Specimen S2, NHML, 2006.6.28.23. a. Section through the penis. Note the circular muscle around the ejaculatory duct. b. Section through the female part of the copulatory apparatus. c. Same section as (b) viewed with polarised light, showing the refractive granules (white) in the intestinal epithelium and in the bursal epithelium nearest to the entry to the intestine. Anterior to the left.
FIGURE 5 in Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe
FIGURE 5. Microplana scharffi (Graff 1896). a. The holotype specimen of Rhynchodemus hovassei Beauchamp 1934 from Turkey, MNHNP, AO 29. b. Specimen from Madeira identified as Microplana hovassei by Beauchamp (1957), MNHNP, AO 30-36. Sections though the copulatory apparatus, both of merged adjacent images. Anterior to the left.
FIGURE 6 in Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe
FIGURE 6. Microplana scharffi (Graff 1896). Specimen S1, NHML 2006.6.28.22. a. Section through the penis. Note the circular muscle around the ejaculatory duct. b. Section through the female part of the copulatory apparatus. c. Same section as (b) viewed with polarised light, showing the refractive granules (white) in the intestinal epithelium and in the bursal epithelium nearest to the entry to the intestine. Anterior to the left.
FIGURE 3 in Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe
FIGURE 3. Microplana scharffi (Graff 1896). Holotype (as Rhynchodemus scharffi), NHMW, L154/M254, Inventory number 2832. a. Diagram of the copulatory apparatus, based on the following micrographs. b–d. Micrographs of the copulatory apparatus at different planes through the serial sections. e. Micrograph at larger magnification of the penis showing the combined sperm duct entering the ejaculatory duct. Anterior to the left.
FIGURE 4 in Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe
FIGURE 4. Microplana scharffi (Graff 1896). Specimen of Adam & Leloup (1944) from Belgium (as Rhynchodemus britannicus Percival 1925), IRSNB, IG 13876. a – c. Sections through the copulatory apparatus at different planes. Anterior to the left.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe
FIGURE 2. Phylogenetic analysis of cox1 genes showing results from maximum likelihood (ML) analysis. The topology of the tree was identical with maximum parsimony (MP). Nodal support indicated is from bootstrap resampling (ML/MP; n=100/1000 respectively; =50% only shown).
FIGURE 1 in Molecular and morphological evidence for two new species of terrestrial planarians of the genus Microplana (Platyhelminthes; Turbellaria; Tricladida; Terricola) from Europe
FIGURE 1. Microplana spp. Colour photographs of live specimens (stills from digital video). Scale line = 1 cm (the circular depressions on the background stone are 1 cm apart and about 2 mm in diameter): a. Microplana scharffi (about 35 mm long, anterior to the right). b. Microplana kwiskea n. sp. a khaki flatworm (upper, about 23 mm long, anterior to the right) and M. terrestris (lower, the dark grey specimen, about 20mm long, anterior to the bottom). c. The same specimens as (b) when contracted and lying on their dorsal side. The narrow end of both is anterior. The ventral creeping sole is visible in both. d. A "granular" specimen of M. terrestris (about 15 mm long, anterior to the right). All specimens from Kirby Wiske, Yorkshire.
FIGURE 7 in A review of the biological diversity and distribution of small mammal taxa in the terrestrial ecoregions and protected areas of Nepal 3072
FIGURE 7. Dorsal (a) and ventral (b) views of the skull and lateral views of the skull (c) and mandible (d) of FMNH 114259.
FIGURE 6 in A review of the biological diversity and distribution of small mammal taxa in the terrestrial ecoregions and protected areas of Nepal 3072
FIGURE 6. Lateral outlines of the skulls (from top to bottom) of Myotis sp. (MCZ 32977) from Nepal; M. mystacinus (HZM 25.35972) from Shan State, Myanmar; M. siligorensis (HZM 11.36227) from Meghalaya, India; M. csorbai (HNHM 97.2.4) from 4 km. E. of Syangja, Nepal; and M. muricola (HZM 18.31749) from Pu Mat Reserve, Vietnam.
FIGURE 4 in A review of the biological diversity and distribution of small mammal taxa in the terrestrial ecoregions and protected areas of Nepal 3072
FIGURE 4. Lateral (l) and ventral (v) X-ray images of the skull and mandible of MCZ 32977 (Myotis sp.).
CNN for image-based sediment detection applied to a large terrestrial and airborne dataset
<p>This repository contains data sets and model used in the manuscript "CNN for image-based sediment detection applied to a large terrestrial and airborne dataset" submitted to Earth Surface Dynamics (2021) by Xingyu Chen, Marwan A. Hassan, and Xudong Fu.</p>
FIG. 6 in On the genus Penthesilenula Rossetti and Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from (semi-) terrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil), with the description of a new species
FIG. 6. (A–F) Pentheilenula reidae sp. n.; (G–M) Penthesilenula aotearoa (Rossetti et al., 1998). (A) Cp, right lv (MZUSP15854); (B) Cp, dv (MZUSP15856); (C) Cp, vv (MZUSP15855); (D) LV, iv (MZUSP15851); (E) RV, iv (idem); (F) Cp, right lv (MZUSP15891); (G) Cp, right lv (MZUSP15883); (H) Cp, dv (MZUSP15884); (I) Cp, vv (MZUSP15885); (J) LV, iv (MZUSP15872); (K) RV, iv (idem); (L) LV, iv detail of caudal tooth (arrow) (MZUSP15871); (M) detail of A1 showing dorso-apical a-setae on last three segments (MZUSP15880). Scale bars: 100 Mm (A–K); 20 Mm (L); 5 Mm (M).
FIG. 2 in On the genus Penthesilenula Rossetti and Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from (semi-) terrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil), with the description of a new species
FIG. 2. Penthesilenula reidae sp. n. (A) A1, lv (MZUSP15857); (B) A2, lv (idem); (C) Md-palp, lv (idem); (D) CR and abdomen, vv (idem). Scale bar: 89 Mm (A, C); 70 Mm (B, D).
FIG. 3 in On the genus Penthesilenula Rossetti and Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from (semi-) terrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil), with the description of a new species
FIG. 3. Penthesilenula aotearoa (Rossetti et al., 1998). (A) A1, lv (MZUSP15872); (B) A2, lv (idem); (C) Md-palp, lv (idem); (D) CR and abdomen, vv (idem). Scale bar: 89 Mm (A); 76 Mm (B); 95 Mm (C); 70 Mm (D).
FIG. 5 in On the genus Penthesilenula Rossetti and Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from (semi-) terrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil), with the description of a new species
FIG. 5. Penthesilenula brasiliensis (Pinto and Kotzian, 1961). (A, B, D, E, H, I) Large, nominal form; (C, F, G, J, K) small form. (A) Cp, right lv (MZUSP15888); (B) Cp, right lv, detail of seta and pore (MZUSP15887); (C) Cp, right lv (MZUSP15889); (D) LV, iv (MZUSP15886); (E) RV, iv (MZUSP15888); (F) LV, iv (MZUSP15896); (G) RV, iv (idem); (H) Cp, dv (MZUSP15913); (I) Cp, vv (MZUSP15914); (J) Cp, dv (MZUSP15905); (K) Cp, vv (MZUSP15907). Scale bars: 100 Mm (A, C–E, H–K); 2 Mm (B); 50 Mm (F, G).
FIG. 4 in On the genus Penthesilenula Rossetti and Martens, 1998 (Crustacea, Ostracoda, Darwinulidae) from (semi-) terrestrial habitats in São Paulo State (Brazil), with the description of a new species
FIG. 4. Height/length plot of specimens in the africana-group of Penthesilenula. All measurements are either from carapaces in right lateral view or from the larger left valve. Closed circles, small P. brasiliensis (lineage 2); closed squares, large nominal form of P. brasiliensis; crosses, P. reidae n. sp.; open circle, small elongated specimen provisionally assigned to P. reidae n. sp. Regressions are calculated with Excel.
Data from: Functional and phylogenetic diversity promotes litter decomposition across terrestrial ecosystems
Aim: Litter decomposition is a vital process of carbon and nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. Despite rapid declines in plant diversity worldwide, the plant diversity effects on litter decomposition, along with the factors driving their directions and magnitudes, remain uncertain. Location: Globe. Time period: 1985-2018. Major taxa studied: Plants. Methods: By synthesizing 492 paired observations of leaf litter mixtures and monocultures from 110 studies, we conducted a global meta-analysis of the effects of litter mixtures on litter decomposition rates, which were calculated as <i>k</i> coefficients from <i>m</i><sub><i>t</i></sub>/<i>m</i><sub>0</sub> =<i>e</i><sup>-<i>kt</i></sup>, where <i>m</i><sub><i>t</i></sub>/<i>m</i><sub>0</sub> was litter mass remaining proportion corresponding to time <i>t</i>. Results: Litter mixtures on average increased litter decomposition rates by 5.6% (95% confident intervals, 3.0%-8.1%), and the effects of litter mixtures increased with litter species richness, the functional diversity of chemical traits (leaf C, N, P contents and C:N ratio) and phylogenetic diversity consistently across terrestrial ecosystems. The decomposer abundance and function, including soil fauna abundance, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities were positively associated with litter mixture effects on decomposition rates. The structural equation models accounted for 48.6% of the global variation in litter decomposition rates and revealed that the positive effects of litter functional diversity on decomposer abundance and function led to increased litter decomposition rates, while litter phylogenetic diversity had a direct effect on litter decomposition rates. Main conclusions: The functional diversity of the chemical traits and phylogenetic diversity, both as indicators for complementarity effects, are important drivers for increasing litter mixture effects on decomposition. The positive litter diversity effects on decomposition rates are mechanistically linked with soil fauna abundance, microbial biomass, and extracellular enzyme activities. Our results suggest that plant diversity, especially functional and phylogenetic diversity, increases decomposer abundance and function, and thus plays a key role in the carbon and nutrient cycling across terrestrial ecosystems.
Figure 5 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)
Figure 5. Phylogenetic informativeness of three mtDNA gene fragments (16S, 12S, and COI) in peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps. (A) Phylogenetic informativeness (PI) profiles of the three different mtDNA gene fragments studied through relative time in shrimps from the genera Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia. The sum of the instantaneous asymptotic informativeness of all sites in each gene is plotted. The arrows and numbers above or below them indicate the relative time (arrow) and magnitude (numbers) at which PI reaches its maximum value. (B) Tree topology resulting from the maximum-likelihood analysis of the sequences studied with a relative time-enforced branch length. This phylogeny was used to calculate the PI profiles in panel (A). Species pertaining to the different monophyletic clades previously revealed by the combined analyses of the three mtDNA gene fragments are highlighted with different colours, as in Figure 3.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.