Find research datasets worth reusing

Data from: Wild and laboratory exposure to cues of predation risk increases relative brain mass in male guppies

There is considerable diversity in brain size within and among species, and substantial dispute over the causes, consequences and importance of this variation. Comparative and developmental studies are essential in addressing this controversy. Predation pressure has been proposed as a major force shaping brain, behaviour and life history. The Trinidadian guppy, Poecilia reticulata, shows dramatic variation in predation pressure across populations. We compared the brain mass of guppies from high and low predation populations collected in the wild. Male but not female guppies exposed to high predation possessed heavier brains for their body size compared to fish from low predation populations. The brain is a plastic organ, so it is possible that the population differences we observed were partly due to developmental responses rather than evolved differences. In a follow‐up study, we raised guppies under cues of predation risk or in a control condition. Male guppies exposed to predator cues early in life had heavier brains relative to their body size than control males, while females showed no significant effect of treatment. Collectively our results suggest that male guppies exposed to predation invest more in neural tissue, and that these differences are at least partly driven by plastic responses.

Data from: Near absence of differential gene expression in the retina of rainbow trout after exposure to a magnetic pulse: implications for magnetoreception

The ability to perceive Earth's magnetic field, or magnetoreception, exists in numerous animals. Although the mechanism underlying magnetoreception has not been clearly established in any species, in salmonid fish it is hypothesized to occur by means of crystals of magnetite associated with nervous tissue such as the brain, olfactory organ, or retina. In this study, rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) were exposed to a brief magnetic pulse known to disrupt magnetic orientation behavior in several animals. Changes in gene expression induced by the pulse were then examined in the retina. Analyses indicated that the pulse elicited differential expression of only a single gene, gamma-crystallin M3-like (crygm3). The near-absence of an effect of the magnetic pulse on gene expression in the retina stands in sharp contrast to a recent study in which 181 genes were differentially expressed in brain tissue of O. mykiss after exposure to the same pulse. Overall, our results suggest either that magnetite-based magnetoreceptors in trout are not located in the retina, or else that they are unaffected by magnetic pulses that can disrupt magnetic orientation behavior in animals.

Data from: Transgenerational interactions between pesticide exposure and warming in a vector mosquito

While transgenerational plasticity may buffer ectotherms to warming and pesticides separately, it remains unknown how combined exposure to warming and pesticides in the parental generation shapes the vulnerability to these stressors in the offspring. We studied the transgenerational effects of single and combined exposure to warming (4°C increase) and the pesticide chlorpyrifos on life history traits of the vector mosquito Culex pipiens. Parental exposure to a single stressor, either warming or the pesticide, had negative effects on the offspring: both parental exposure to warming and to the pesticide resulted in an overall lower offspring survival, and a delayed offspring metamorphosis. Parental exposure to a single stressor did, however, not alter the vulnerability of the offspring to the same stressor in terms of survival. Parental pesticide exposure resulted in larger offspring when the offspring experienced the same stressor as the parents. Within both the parental and offspring generations, warming made the pesticide more toxic in terms of survival. Yet, this synergism disappeared in the offspring of parents exposed to both stressors simultaneously because in this condition the pesticide was already more lethal at the lower temperature. Our results indicate that transgenerational effects will not increase the ability of this vector species to deal with pesticides in a warming world. Bifactorial transgenerational experiments are crucial to understand the combined impact of warming and pesticides across generations, hence to assess the efficacy of vector control in a warming world.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Exposure to males, but not receipt of sex peptide, accelerates functional aging in female fruit flies

Increased exposure to males can affect females negatively, reducing female lifespan and fitness. These costs could derive from increased mating rate and also harassment by males. Additionally, early investment in reproduction can increase the onset or rate of senescence in reproductive traits. Hence, there is a tight link between reproduction and aging. Here, we assess how mating and encounter rate with males impacts declines in female functional traits that are not directly involved in reproduction. In Drosophila melanogaster fruit flies, exposure to males and mating reduces female lifespan through harassment and receipt of seminal proteins, including sex peptide. We manipulated the intensity of female exposure to males and regularly assessed female stress responses and recorded physiological traits over her lifetime. Both mating itself and increased exposure to males accelerates declines in female climbing ability and starvation resistance. However, this is not related to changes in female body mass or fat storage. Moreover, these declines are not driven by the receipt of sex peptide. Our results suggest some synchrony in senescence across traits in response to female exposure to males, however this is not universal, as we did not find this for physiological traits. Synchrony in senescence has been theorised but little supported in the literature. It is clear that aging is a multifaceted trait; to understand environmental impacts on aging rates we must measure more than lifespan, and indeed measure senescence in multiple traits. Specifically, our work shows that we must identify which female traits are sensitive to elevated mating activity to understand the impact of antagonistic interactions between the sexes on female aging patterns.

Data from: Acute maneb exposure significantly alters both glycolysis and mitochondrial function in neuroblastoma cells

The pesticides paraquat (PQ) and maneb (MB) have been described as environmental risk factors for Parkinson's disease (PD), with mechanisms associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and reactive oxygen species generation. A combined exposure of PQ and MB in murine models and neuroblastoma cells has been utilized to further advance understanding of the PD phenotype. MB acts as a redox modulator through alkylation of protein thiols and has been previously characterized to inhibit complex III of the electron transport chain and uncouple the mitochondrial proton gradient. The purpose of this study was to analyze ATP-linked respiration and glycolysis in human neuroblastoma cells utilizing the Seahorse extracellular flux platform. Employing an acute, subtoxic exposure of MB, this investigation revealed a MB-mediated decrease in mitochondrial oxygen consumption at baseline and maximal respiration, with inhibition of ATP synthesis and coupling efficiency. Additionally, MB-treated cells showed an increase in nonmitochondrial respiration and proton leak. Further investigation into mitochondrial fuel flex revealed an elimination of fuel flexibility across all 3 major substrates, with a decrease in pyruvate capacity as well as glutamine dependency. Analyses of glycolytic function showed a substantial decrease in glycolytic acidification caused by lactic acid export. This inhibition of glycolytic parameters was also observed after titrating the MB dose as low as 6 μM, and appears to be dependent on the dithiocarbamate functional group, with manganese possibly potentiating the effect. Further studies into cellular ATP and NAD levels revealed a drastic decrease in cells treated with MB. In summary, MB significantly impacted both aerobic and anaerobic energy production; therefore, further characterization of MB's effect on cellular energetics may provide insight into the specificity of PD to dopaminergic neurons.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Multigenerational exposure to silver ions and silver nanoparticles reveals heightened sensitivity and epigenetic memory in Caenorhabditis elegans

The effects from multigenerational exposures to engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in their pristine and transformed states are currently unknown despite such exposures being an increasingly common scenario in natural environments. Here, we examine how exposure over 10 generations affects the sensitivity of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to pristine and sulfidized Ag ENPs and AgNO3. We also include populations that were initially exposed over six generations but kept unexposed for subsequent four generations to allow recovery from exposure. Toxicity of the different silver forms decreased in the order AgNO3, Ag ENPs and Ag2S ENPs. Continuous exposure to Ag ENPs and AgNO3 caused pronounced sensitization (approx. 10-fold) in the F2 generation, which was sustained until F10. This sensitization was less pronounced for Ag2S ENP exposures, indicating different toxicity mechanisms. Subtle changes in size and lifespan were also measured. In the recovery populations, the sensitivity to Ag ENPs and AgNO3 resulting from the initial multigenerational exposure persisted. Their response sensitivity for all endpoints was most closely related to the last ancestral exposed generation (F5), rather than unexposed controls. The mechanisms of transgenerational transfer of sensitivity are probably organized through the epigenome, and we encourage others to investigate such effects as a priority for mechanistic toxicology.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Acute embryonic anoxia exposure favours the development of a dominant and aggressive phenotype in adult zebrafish

Eutrophication and climate change are increasing the incidence of severe hypoxia in fish nursery habitats, yet the programming effects of hypoxia on stress responsiveness in later life are poorly understood. In this study, to investigate whether early hypoxia alters the developmental trajectory of the stress response, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 4 h of anoxia at 36 h post-fertilization and reared to adults when the responses to secondary stressors were assessed. While embryonic anoxia did not affect basal cortisol levels or the cortisol response to hypoxia in later life, it had a marked effect on the responses to a social stressor. In dyadic social interactions, adults derived from embryonic anoxia initiated more chases, bit more often, entered fewer freezes and had lower cortisol levels. Adults derived from embryonic anoxia also performed more bites towards their mirror image, had lower gonadal aromatase gene expression and had higher testosterone levels. We conclude that acute embryonic anoxia has long-lasting consequences for the hormonal and behavioural responses to social interactions in zebrafish. Specifically, we demonstrate that acute embryonic anoxia favours the development of a dominant and aggressive phenotype, and that a disruption in sex steroid production may contribute to the programming effects of environmental hypoxia.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Data set for: Long-term Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) exposure alters anxiety-like behaviour but not boldness in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) is an organic pollutant that is commonly detected in wildlife, humans, and the environment. PFOS can cause a variety of toxic effects in zebrafish, however, the impact on complex behaviours like boldness and anxiety-like behaviour is unknown. To investigate the behavioural effects of PFOS in zebrafish, we exposed adult zebrafish to either 0, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/L PFOS for 40 days. After 20- and 40-days anxiety-like behaviour and boldness were assessed using the novel approach test and novel tank dive test, respectively. After 40- day exposure at a concentration of 1.0 mg/L, PFOS caused a significant increase in time spent in the upper zone and a significant decrease in time spent in the bottom zone of the novel tank dive test, suggesting decreased anxiety-like behaviour compared to controls. Neither 0.1 or 1.0 mg/L had an impact on zebrafish boldness at any time point. Exposure to 1.0 mg/L PFOS significantly decreased locomotion in the novel tank dive test after 20 days, whereas after 40 days there was no impact of PFOS on locomotion at any concentration, indicating potential short-term influences on locomotion. These results suggest chronic PFOS exposure can modulate anxiety-like behaviour, while exploratory activity and locomotion are not altered.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Data and code for "Separation of spectrally overlapping fluorophores using intra-exposure excitation modulation"

Representative data and source code for the manuscript "Separation of spectrally overlapping fluorophores using intra-exposure excitation modulation"

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Gestational and Peri-conceptional Exposure to Intra-nasal Instilled Air Pollutants Epigenetically Perturb Metabolic, Placental and Embryonic Phenotypes

Supplementary Figure legends   Figure 1: Gestational study: Bar plots of plasma metabolites   Figure 2: Gestational study: Bar graph depicting gestational day 19 (GD19) maternal (left) and fetal (right) blood glucose concentrations presented as mean ± SEM. Air pollutant exposed group (AP) versus controls (CON), *p < 0.05 AP versus CON.   Figure 3: Gestational study: (A) GO term enrichment analysis of expressed genes between the AP group versus the CON group (n=6 each). Significant enrichment of pathways represented as q-values have been presented in a color-coded key. NES = normalized enrichment score. (B) Category cnet plot depicting the linkage of genes and biological concepts (hallmark pathways) as a network illustrating which genes are involved in enriched pathways, and genes that may belong to multiple annotation categories. Figure 4: Gestational study: (A) Representative Western blots of various glucose and lipid transporter proteins and TNFα protein, with vinculin serving as an internal loading control, obtained from CON and AP GD19 placentas. (B) Bar plot showing densitometric analysis of Western blots of the various glucose and lipid transporters and TNFα (n=8 for each protein in each group). Data are depicted as Mean ± SEM. While trends are seen, statistical significance was not achieved. Figure 5: Periconceptional study: (A) Bar plots demonstrating fasting blood glucose concentrations (left panel), Glucose tolerance tests (GTTs) (middle panel) and the area under the curves (AUCs) for GTTs (right panel) in non-pregnant (NP), pregnant (P), omega-3 diet exposed (Pn-3) pregnant C57/BL6 (BL6) and CD1 pregnant mice are shown. (B) Bar plots demonstrating basal fed-state blood glucose concentrations (left panel), Insulin tolerance tests (ITTs) (middle panel) and AUCs for ITTs (right panel) in non-pregnant (NP), pregnant (P), omega-3 diet exposed (Pn-3) pregnant C57/BL6 (BL6) and CD1 pregnant mice are shown (n=4-6 each). Data are presented as Mean ± SEM. Significance is shown as #compared to BL6-NP, *compared to BL6-P, and !compared to BL6-Pn-3 at a p< 0.05. Figure 6: Periconceptional study: (A) Representative Western blots demonstrate various GD19 placental glucose and lipid transporter proteins, with vinculin serving as the internal loading control. (B) Bar plots show densitometric analysis of the Western blots of the various glucose and lipid transporters (n=8 for each protein in each group). Data are presented as Mean ± SEM. Figure 7: Periconceptional study: Category cnet plot depicting the linkage of genes and biological concepts (hallmark pathways) as a network illustrating which genes are involved in enriched pathways, and the genes that may belong to multiple annotation categories between (A) AP and CON, (B) AP-n-3 and AP, (C) AP-n-3 and CON. Figure 8: Periconceptional study: (A) Bar plots showing coverage of the 5’-hydroxymethylation DNA marks and genomic annotations in GD19 placentas from CON, AP, n-3 and AP-n-3 experimental groups (n=4 each). (B) Pie charts showing the distribution and genomic annotation of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between the AP and CON groups. Upper panel depicts the distribution of DMRs across CpG-islands and associated regions, while the lower panel depicts the distribution of DMRs around different genomic regions. (C) Pie charts showing the distribution and genomic annotation of differentially methylated regions (DMRs) between AP-n-3 and CON (left panel), n-3 versus CON (middle panel) and AP-n-3 versus AP (right panel). Figure 9: Periconceptional study: (A-D) Volcano plots demonstrating the DNA methylation profiles of GD19 placentas from (A) AP versus CON, (B) APn-3 vs CON, (C) n-3 vs CON, and (D) AP-n-3 vs AP groups. Red and blue dots represent hypomethylated and hypermethylated loci respectively (n=4 each group).

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

Heat exposure variations and mitigation in a densely populated neighborhood during a hot day: Towards a people-oriented approach to urban climate management

Archive with PALM simulation results.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Effects of elevated ozone exposure on regional meteorology and air quality in China through ozone-vegetation coupling

Main data and code used in the study.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

The response of the brood pouch transcriptome to synthetic estrogen exposure in the Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli)

The raw data provided is for the manuscript "The response of the brood pouch transcriptome to synthetic estrogen exposure in the Gulf pipefish (Syngnathus scovelli)" (doi: 10.3389/fmars.2023.1138597). Data in the csv file is presented for all male pipefish for which brood pouches were included in the RNA-Seq data set and morphological assessment of their banding pattern on their abdomens for all three independent reviewers. Body sizes were measured for total body length in mm. The data for each fish is provided for Treatment (Control or EE2), Replicate (number), status (P for pregnant or NP for non-pregnant), bodysize (total body length in mm), Image Letter ID (randomly assigned A thought P), and the stage of band developing from Figure 4 that each of the 3 reviewers assigned.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

A large-scale serological survey in pets from October 2020 through June 2021 in France shows significantly higher exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in cats

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can infect many animals, including pets such as dogs and cats. Many studies have documented infection in companion animals by bio-molecular and serological methods. However, only a few have compared seroprevalence in cats and dogs from the general population, and these studies were limited by small sample sizes and collections over short periods. Our goal was to obtain a more accurate evaluation of seroprevalence in companion animals in France and to determine whether cats and dogs differ in their exposure to SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we conducted an extensive SARS-CoV-2 serological survey of 2036 cats and 3577 dogs sampled by veterinarians during medical examinations in clinics throughout France. Sampling was carried out from October 2020 through June 2021, a period encompassing the second and third waves of SARS-CoV-2 infections in humans in the country. Using a microsphere immunoassay targeting receptor binding domain and trimeric spike protein, we found 7.1% seroprevalence in pets, in a subset of 308 seropositive samples, 26.3% had neutralizing antibodies. We found that cats were significantly more likely to test positive than dogs, with seropositivity rates of 9.3% and 5.9% in cats and dogs, respectively. Finally, data for both species showed that seroprevalence was lower in older animals and was not associated with the date of sampling or the sex of the animal. Our results show that cats are significantly more sensitive to SARS-CoV-2 than dogs, in line with experimental studies showing that cats are more susceptible than dogs. This study reinforces that pets are commonly infected or exposed to SARS-CoV-2, emphasizing the importance of a One-Health approach to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and raising the question of vaccination of companion animals in close contact with humans.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Figure 1 in The study of exposure times and dose-escalation of tick saliva on mouse embryonic stem cell proliferation

Figure 1. Effect of H. marginatum SGE (0-160 µg/ml) on mouse embryonic stem cell proliferation and viability. Values represent relative fold change of cell viability normalized to untreated negative control. The Geisser –Greenhouse correction and Dunnett´s test on multiple comparison were used. The results are mean ± standard deviation (SD) from a representative experiment carried out in triplicate and were seeded in equal amount in 3 different 96 -well cultured plates.

openAug 2023View details →

Supplementary Tables Novel Quantitative Methods to Enable Multispectral Identification of High-Purity Water Ice Exposures on Mars using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment Images

Data describing the list of images, error and uncertainty calculations for Novel Quantitative Methods to Enable Multispectral Identification of High-Purity Water Ice Exposures on Mars using High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment Images.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

National-scale rainfall-triggered landslide susceptibility and exposure in Nepal

This dataset is a 30 m resolution landslide susceptibility (hazard) model for Nepal. The dataset is derived from a fuzzy-logic model following the approach developed by Kritikos et al (2015), and is trained on a manually mapped landslide inventory (polygons of landslide locations and extents), originally produced by Durham University and NSET Nepal as part of the UKRI-DFID SHEAR program. The dataset shows the relative probability of a landslide occurring across the geographical extent of Nepal for rainfall triggered landslides only, on a scale of 1 (very highly anticipated) to 0 (very weakly anticipated). Further details and an online map viewer containing the data are available through the Bipad portal (https://bipadportal.gov.np/risk-info/#/hazard). The research relating to this landslide susceptibility model has been supported by the UKRI-DFID SHEAR program (201844-112), the EPSRC project ‘Risk at the Margins’ (EP/T024747/1), the EU ECHO HIP project ‘Risk informed landslide management in Nepal’s hill areas’ (ECHO/-XA/BUD/2020/91026), and by a grant from the Global Challenges Research Fund Multi-Hazard and Systemic Risk programme for the ‘Sajag-Nepal’ project (NE/T01038X/1).

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Annex D – Dietary surveys for chronic exposure assessment

The Annex contains the information on the food consumption data used for the exposure assessment of MOH in food.