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FIG. 29. — A in The spermatheca in podotreme crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) and its phylogenetic implications

FIG. 29. — A, Bathypluma forficula Saint Laurent, 1989 (Retroplumidae), female 12 × 14 mm, Makassar Strait, Corindon Expedition (MNHN-B 11229), vulvae at the extremities of sutures 5/6; B, Hexapus? sexpes (Fabricius, 1798) (Hexapodidae), female 10.5 × 18 mm, Persian Gulf (MNHN-B 10209), vulvae just below the extremities of sutures 5/6. Abbreviations: pr, projection from sternite 5 for abdominal maintaining, still present in mature females; v, vulva; 4-7, sternites 4-7; 4/5-6/7, thoracic sternal sutures 4/5 to 6/7. Scale bars: 5 mm.

FIG. 11. — A in The spermatheca in podotreme crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) and its phylogenetic implications

FIG. 11. — A, Takedromia cristatipes (Sakai, 1969), ovigerous female 19.8 × 21.6 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B 26420), axial skeleton; B, Epigodromia areolata (Ihle, 1913), female 12.2 × 13.3 mm, New Caledonia (MNHN-B 26336), thoracic sternum. Abbreviations: a, spermathecal aperture; br, transverse bridge; cx3, P3 coxa; e4, e5, episternites 4, 5; g, female gonopore; i.p., intertagmal phragma; s, spermathecal chamber; 4, 8, sternites 4, 8; 7/8, thoracic sternal suture 7/8. Scale bars: A, 4 mm; B, 1 mm.

FIG. 28 in The spermatheca in podotreme crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) and its phylogenetic implications

FIG. 28. — Neocorycodus stimpsoni (Rathbun, 1937) (Cyclodorippidae, Cyclodorippinae), ovigerous female 3.5 × 5 mm, holotype, thoracic sternum, with all sutures extended anteriorly and spermathecal slits at level of P1 coxae (redrawn from Tavares 1994: fig. 22D; 1996: fig. 23D). Abbreviations: b, unpaired bump; cx3, P3 coxa; g, female gonopore; sl, slit; 4-8, sternites 4-8; 4/5-7/8, thoracic sternal sutures 4/5 to 7/8. Notice that the suture 6/7 is perhaps longer and even complete.

FIG. 12 in The spermatheca in podotreme crabs (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura, Podotremata) and its phylogenetic implications

FIG. 12. — Frodromia? atypica (Sakai, 1936), ovigerous female 10.6 × 9.9 mm, New Caledonia, McLay det. (MNHN-B 26360); A, thoracic sternum; B, thoracic axial skeleton, with endopleurites cut away at left to expose spermatheca. Abbreviations: a, spermathecal aperture at extremity of sternal suture 7/8; b, bulb; bo, flat bottom of the sterno-abdominal depression; br, transverse bridge; cx1, cx3, P1, P5 coxae; e4, e5, episternites 4, 5; g, female gonopore; i.p., intertagmal phragma; sr, spur on P3 coxa; s8, internal surface of sternite 8; tb, tubular process on P3 coxa; 4, 8, sternites 4, 8; 7/8, thoracic sternal suture 7/8. Scale bars: 1 mm.

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Figure 1 in Distribution of microarthropods across altitude and aspect in the sub-Antarctic: climate change implications for an isolated oceanic island

Figure 1 Interaction plots of mite and springtail species richness (S) and abundance (N) at low, middle and high altitudes on the eastern and western aspect of Marion Island (weighted means ± 95 % confidence intervals). Groups not sharing letters differ significantly (p <0.05). Model results provided in Table 2 and Appendix 2.

Fig. 6 in Dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) Fossils from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene of Mali: Implications for Phylogeny and Survivorship across the K/T Boundary

Fig. 6. cf. Sokotosuchus. CNRST SUNY 279, partial skull roof and occiput in A, dorsal and B, occipital views. Scale bar equals 2 cm.

Fig. 5. Chenanisuchus lateroculi. CNRST SUNY 280 in Dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) Fossils from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene of Mali: Implications for Phylogeny and Survivorship across the K/T Boundary

Fig. 5. Chenanisuchus lateroculi. CNRST SUNY 280, partial skull roof and occiput in A, dorsal and B, occipital views. Scale bar equals 2 cm.

Fig. 2 in Dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) Fossils from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene of Mali: Implications for Phylogeny and Survivorship across the K/T Boundary

Fig. 2. Diagrammatic stratigraphic sections depicting correlations in age between strata at different Malian localities. Fossils described herein come from deposits in Mali-8 (Maastrichtian), Mali-18 (Paleocene), and Mali-20 (Eocene). Inset: map of eastern Mali showing relative locations of fossiliferous localities.

Fig. 1 in Dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) Fossils from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene of Mali: Implications for Phylogeny and Survivorship across the K/T Boundary

Fig. 1. Alternative hypotheses explaining the phylogenetic relationships of dyrosaurids. A, ''manual cladogram'', not based on a cladistic data matrix, hypothesized by Buffetaut (1978b). B, cladogram presented by Jouve (2005), based on cladistic analysis of 12 characters. C, cladogram presented by Jouve et al (2005b), based on cladistic analysis of 30 characters. Note basal position of Phosphatosaurus and highly nested position of Hyposaurus common to all hypotheses.

Fig. 7 in Dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) Fossils from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene of Mali: Implications for Phylogeny and Survivorship across the K/T Boundary

Fig. 7. Phylogenetic relationships and stratigraphic distribution of 10 dyrosaurid taxa and four outgroups, derived from ten equally most parsimonious trees. Tree length 5 66 steps; CI 5 0.6522; RI 5 0.7576; RCI 5 0.4941. Inset shows strict consensus of 10 most parsimonious trees; larger cladogram based on the single agreement subtree, which excluded Chenanisuchus, Congsaurus, and Elosuchus. Fine black lines depict the hypothesized phylogenetic relationships based on the current analysis. Bold black bars indicate the known stratigraphic ranges of taxa; solid gray bars represent inferred occurrences of taxa (i.e., ghost lineages). Alternative positions of Chenanisuchus (two alternatives) Congosaurus (four alternatives), and

Fig. 3 in Dyrosaurid (Crocodyliformes: Mesoeucrocodylia) Fossils from the Upper Cretaceous and Paleogene of Mali: Implications for Phylogeny and Survivorship across the K/T Boundary

Fig. 3. Rhabdognathus keiniensis. Partial skull roof and occiput of two individuals. CNRST SUNY 276 in A, dorsal and B, occipital views. CNRST SUNY 277 in C, dorsal and D, occipital views. Scale bars equal 2 cm.

Fig. 22 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny

Fig. 22. Right (A, B) and left (C, D) distal tibiotarsi of a juvenile specimen of Baptornis advenus (FMNH- UC-395) in cranial (A, C) and mediocranial (B, D) views. Note the absence of a suture separating the tall ascending process (mostproximal extension marked by arrows) from the astragalus' body.

Fig. 21 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny

Fig. 21. Comparisons of the tarsus of nonavian theropods (Allosaurus fragilis and Deinonychus antirhopus), basal birds (Rahonavis ostromi and Vorona berivotrensis), GMV-2158, and a juvenile modern bird (Struthio camelus). Abbreviations as in figure 18.

Fig. 13 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny

Fig. 13. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the thoracic girdle of GMV-2158. Abbreviations: afa, articular facet of acromion; cof, dorsal coracoidal fossa; fsn, supracoracoid nerve foramen; haf, humeral articular facet; hyp, hypocleideum; saf, scapular articular facet. Other abbreviations as in figure 3.

Fig. 16 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny

Fig. 16. Interpretive drawing of the carpus and manus of NIGP-130723. Abbreviations: rdl, radiale. Other abbreviations as in figure 15.

Fig. 15 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny

Fig. 15. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the carpus and manus of GMV-2158. Abbreviations: sm, semilunate carpal; unr, ulnare; x, carpal X; I1, proximal phalanx of alular digit. Other abbreviations as in figure 3.

Fig. 9 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny

Fig. 9. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the skull of GMV-2159. Abbreviations: mp, dorsal maxillary process. Other abbreviations as in figures 3 and 5.

Fig. 10 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny

Fig. 10. Detail of the cervical series of GMV-2158 (photo and interpretive drawing). Abbreviations: poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis.

Fig. 8 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny

Fig. 8. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the skull of GMV-2158. Abbreviations: ac, antorbital cavity; enr, external nares; lac, lacrimal; md, mandible; mx, maxilla; n, nasal; p, parietal; pal, palatine; po, postorbital; q, quadrate; saf, surangular fenestra. Other abbreviations as in figures 3 and 5.

Fig. 5 in Juvenile Birds from the Early Cretaceous of China: Implications for Enantiornithine Ontogeny

Fig. 5. Photograph and interpretive drawing of the positive cast of GMV-2159. The study of GMV-2159 was based on a positive cast of epoxy resin, which renders greater anatomical details. This positive cast was molded from a positive cast of RTV (room temperature vulcanizing) silicon rubber made from the natural mold (fig. 4). Abbreviations: d, dentary; mad, major digit; pyg, pygostyle; scl, sclerotic; I–IV, pedal digits I– IV; (l) or (r), left or right element. Other abbreviations as in figure 3.