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Figs 41–46 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 41–46. Male genitalia of the new Phaenacantha species. 41, 43, 45 – pygophore in caudal view, parameres intact. 42, 44, 46 – outer surface of the left paramere. 41–42 – P. grimmae sp. nov.; 43–44 – P. nigrispina sp. nov.; 45–46 – P. paveli sp. nov. Abbreviations: hyp = hypandrium, p = paramere, par = parandrium, pyg = pygophore.

Figs 23–28 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 23–28. Phaenacantha paveli sp. nov., holotype. 23 – habitus, dorsal view, untreated. 24 – habitus, dorsal view, after treatment with sodium phosphate. 25 – habitus, lateral view, untreated. 26 – thorax, dorsal view, untreated. 27 – head and thorax, lateral view, untreated. 28 – head, dorsal view, untreated. Insert – specimen label. Abbreviations: col = pronotal collar, mp = middle lobe of the pronotum, pp = posterior lobe of the pronotum.

Figs 17–22 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 17–22. Phaenacantha nigrispina sp. nov., holo- and paratype, abdomen with terminalia in situ. 17–19 – holotype male, 20–22 – paratype female. 17, 20 – dorsal view. 18, 21 – lateral view. 19, 22 – caudal view. Abbreviations: ag = dorsoabdominal gland, hyp = hypandrium, pyg = pygophore, t = tergite, val = valvula, vf = valvifer. Abdominal segments are indicated with Roman numbers.

Figs 12–16 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 12–16. Phaenacantha nigrispina sp. nov., holotype. 12 – habitus, dorsal view. 13 – habitus, lateral view. 14 – head and thorax, dorsal view. 15 – head and thorax, lateral view. 16 – right fore femur with the spine. Insert – specimen label. Abbreviations: col = pronotal collar, mp = middle lobe of the pronotum, pp = posterior lobe of the pronotum.

Figs 35–40 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 35–40. Male genitalia of the new Phaenacantha species. 35, 37, 39 – pygophore in left lateral view, with the left paramere detached to make the hypandrium better visible. 36, 38, 40 – pygophore with intact parameres in dorsal view. 35–36 – P. grimmae sp. nov., holotype. 37–38 – P. nigrispina sp. nov., holotype. 39–40 – P. paveli sp. nov., holotype. Abbreviations: hyp = hypandrium, p = paramere, par = parandrium, pyg = pygophore.

Figs 29–34 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 29–34. Phaenacantha paveli sp. nov., holotype, abdomen with terminalia in situ and other details of morphology. 29 – abdomen tip, dorsal view, untreated. 30 – abdomen tip, ventral view, in sodium phosphate solution. 31 – abdomen tip, lateral view, untreated. 32 – right fore femur with the spine. 33 – abdomen tip, caudal view, untreated. 34 – right front tibia with the comb. Abbreviations: hyp = hypandrium, par = parandrium, pyg = pygophore, tc = tibial comb. Abdominal segments are indicated with Roman numbers.

Figs 6–11 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 6–11. Phaenacantha grimmae sp. nov., paratypes, abdomen with terminalia in situ. 6–8 – paratype male, 9–11 – paratype female. 6, 9 – dorsal view. 7, 10 – lateral view. 8, 11 – caudal view. Abdominal segments are indicated with Roman numbers. Insert – labels of the female paratype. Male paratype illustrated is the same as in Figs 1–5.Abbreviations: ag = dorsoabdominal gland, hyp = hypandrium, pyg = pygophore, t = tergite, val = valvula, vf = valvifer.

Figs 55–61 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 55–61. Symphylax handschini kinabaluensis subsp. nov., holotype, genitalia. 55 – abdomen tip, dorsal view. 56 – abdomen tip, lateral view. 57 – abdomen tip, caudal view. 58 – pygophore with genitalia, dorsal view. 59 – pygophore with genitalia, lateral view. 60 – pygophore with genitalia, caudal view. 61 – hypandrium, lateral view. Abbreviations: hyp = hypandrium, p = paramere, par = parandrium, pp = posterior process of sternite VIII, pyg = pygophore. Abdominal segments are indicated with Roman numbers.

Figs 1–5 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 1–5. Phaenacantha grimmae sp. nov., paratype. 1 – habitus, dorsal view. 2 – habitus, lateral view. 3 – head and thorax, dorsal view. 4 – head and thorax, lateral view. 5 – right fore femur with the spine. Insert – specimen label. Abbreviations: col = pronotal collar, mp = middle lobe of the pronotum, pp = posterior lobe of the pronotum.

Figs 49–54. Symphylax handschini kinabaluensis subsp. nov., holotype. 49 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 49–54. Symphylax handschini kinabaluensis subsp. nov., holotype. 49 – habitus, dorsal view. 50 – habitus, lateral view. 51 – head and thorax, dorsal view. 52 – head and thorax, lateral view; meso- and metapleura covered by rests of dried metathoracal gland secretion. 53 – right fore femur with the spine. 54 – right fore tibia with a comb of setae. Insert – specimen label. Abbreviations: col = pronotal collar, mp = middle lobe of the pronotum, pp = posterior lobe of the pronotum.

Figs 47–48 in New Oriental and Australasian taxa of Colobathristidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in the collection of the State Natural History Museum Stuttgart

Figs 47–48. Female abdomen tip in new Phaenacantha species, ventrolateral (oblique) view; note the deep broad semicircular median incision of the 7th sternite in 47. 47 – P. grimmae sp. nov. 48 – P. nigrispina sp. nov. Abdominal segments are indicated with Roman numbers.

Fig. 2 in Brachyradia, A New Genus Of The Tribe Exechiini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) From The Oriental And Australasian Regions

Fig. 2. Morphology of adult Brachyradia, new genus. Photos (A–F) and illustrations (G–H) of cleared and slide-mounted parts. (A) Head of B. asiatica, new species, in dorsal view with antennae removed; (B) ditto with whole antennae and palps; (C) head of B. australis, new species, in lateral view; (D) palp segment III–IV of B. australis, new species, enlarged in dorsal view; (E) palp segment III–V of B. australis, new species, enlarged in lateral view; (F) antennae of B. australis, new species, enlarged in lateral view; (G) internal organs of male terminalia of B. asiatica, new species, lateral view with gonostyles removed; (H) internal organs of male terminalia of B. australis, new species, caudal view with gonostyles removed. Abbreviations: aed gd = aedeagal guide; aed = aedeagal apparatus; cerc = cercus; clyp = clypeus; epi = epiproct; fc = face; flag = flagellum; fr fur = frontal furrow; fr tub = frontal tubercle; gc ap = gonocoxal apodeme; gc II = section II of gonocoxite; gc III = section III of gonocoxite; hyp pr = hypoproct; hyp lb = hypandrial lobe; l oc = lateral ocellus; par = paramere; par ap = parameral apodeme; sens pit = sensory pit; tg IX = tergite IX; vrt = vertex.

Fig. 1 in Brachyradia, A New Genus Of The Tribe Exechiini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) From The Oriental And Australasian Regions

Fig. 1. Morphology of adult Brachyradia, new genus. Photos of whole (moderately bleached) specimens in alcohol (A, B) and cleared and slide-mounted parts (C–F). (A) Habitus of B. asiatica, new species; (B) habitus of B. australis, new species; (C) thorax with coxae of B. australis, new species, enlarged in lateral view. The shape of anepisternum and propleurites is enhanced. (D) Wing of male B. asiatica, new species; (E) wing of large female B. australis, new species; (F) wing of small male B. australis, new species. Abbreviations: A1 = anterior anal vein; A2 = posterior anal vein; anepist = anepisternum; aprnt = antepronotum; C = costa; CuA1 and CuA2 = anterior branch of cubitus; CuP = posterior branch of cubitus; cx 1 = forecoxa; cx 2 = midcoxa; cx 3 = hindcoxa; dmp = distal median plate; h = humeral; hlt = halter; ltg = laterotergite; M-pet = petiole of media; M1 and M2 = branches of media; mtg = mediotergite; mtepst = metepisternum; proepist = proepisternum; R1 = anterior branch of radius; R4+5 = posterior branch of radius; Rs = radial sector; sc = subcosta; sctl = scutellum; ta = anterior transversal (= crossvein rm); tb = basal transversal.

Fig. 4 in Brachyradia, A New Genus Of The Tribe Exechiini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) From The Oriental And Australasian Regions

Fig. 4. Terminalia of Brachyradia australis, new species: (A) male terminalia in ventral view; (B) gonostylus in internal view; (C) tergite IX, proctiger and cerci in dorsal view; (D) female terminalia in lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Fig. 3 in Brachyradia, A New Genus Of The Tribe Exechiini (Diptera: Mycetophilidae) From The Oriental And Australasian Regions

Fig. 3. Terminalia of Brachyradia asiatica, new species: (A) male terminalia in ventral view; (B) gonostylus in internal view; (C) tergite IX, proctiger and cerci in dorsal view; (D) female terminalia in lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm. Abbreviations: d br = dorsal branch of gonostylus; di br = dorsointernal branch of gonostylus; hyp lb = hypandrial lobe; i br = internal branch of gonostylus; m br = medial branch of gonostylus; v br = ventral branch of gonostylus.

Fig. 5 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 5. Anterior spiracle and caudal segment showing the posterior spiracle, anus and the locations of the sensilla of A. spiralis (SEM photographs). A, Anterior spiracle; B, Creeping welt of first abdominal segment; C, Creeping welt of the fifth abdominal segment; D, Part of the creeping welt of the caudal segment showing two openings; E, Caudal segment; F, Anal lobe. Abbreviations: ads = anteriorly directed spinules, an = anal lobe, D1 = dorsal sensillum 1, D2 = dorsal sensillum 2, es = ecdysial scar, g = gap, I1a = intermediate sensillum 1a, I1b = intermediate sensillum 1b, I2 = intermediate sensillum 2, I3 = intermediate sensillum 3, L = lateral sensillum, pds = posteriorly directed spinules, psp = posterior spiracle, sh = spiracular hairs, ss = small spinules, V1= ventral sensillum 1, V2 = ventral sensillum 2, V3 = ventral sensillum 3.

Fig. 1 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 1. Acrotaeniostola spiralis, habitat and biological traits. A, Bamboo stand of the host plant of A. spiralis, Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata, in northern Thailand in November. Note the emerging bamboo shoots; B, Female on the underside of a bamboo leaf near the apex of a twig of P. albociliata; C, Female imbibing water; D, Female ovipositing under the margin of a rolled apical leaf located at the apex of a bamboo twig. Inset: A twig infested by A. spiralis can be recognised by the yellow colour of the rolled up apical leaf (arrow); E, The oblong, yellow larva of A. spiralis. Inset: Larva sticking out the rolled up apical leaf, after being pulled out of the apical sheath. Note the feeding marks and the posterior spiracles (= psp) at the caudal end of the abdomen.

Fig. 4 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 4. Pseudocephalon and first thoracic segment of the larva of A. spiralis (SEM photographs). A, Pseudocephalon and first thoracic segment, ventral view; B, Pseudocephalon, frontoventral view, showing two types of facial masks on the same individual; C, Pseudocephalon and part of the first thoracic segment, lateral view; D, Antennae and maxillary palpus; E, Area surrounding the mouth opening showing the preoral organ, facial mask and the mouth hook (tips broken off); F, Labial lobe. Abbreviations: ant = antenna, asp = anterior spiracle, dlg = dorsolateral group of sensilla, fm = facial mask, ko = keilin´s organ, lal = labial lobe, la org = labial organ (arrow pointing to left opening), max org = maxillary organ, mh = mouth hook, m or lb = median oral lobe, mp = maxillary palp, p ceph = pseudocephalon, pap-s = papilla-sensilla, pit-s = pit-sensilla, pror org = preoral organ, T1 = first thoracic segment.

Fig. 2 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 2. Schematic illustration of a bamboo twig of Pseudoxytenanthera albociliata showing the egg-laying and larval feeding site of A. spiralis. A, Intact apex of a bamboo twig; B, Visible sheaths of a bamboo twig removed and placed beside the stem in order to show their insertion locations and their degree of overlapping (leaf blades omitted). Bold arrows symbolise the penetration of the larva through the folds of the leaf towards the growing point of the bamboo branch. The larval feeding area is highlighted in grey; C, Cross-section of a rolled up apical leaf showing the location of an A. spiralis egg; D, Apical part of a bamboo twig hanging down from a bamboo stem showing the location of the feeding area of A. spiralis.

Fig. 3 in Life history and description of the larva of Acrotaeniostola spiralis (Diptera: Tephritidae: Dacinae: Gastrozonini), an Oriental fruit fly inhabiting bamboo twigs

Fig. 3. Cephalopharyngeal skeleton, posterior spiracle, larval habitus (light microscopy) and sensillae on thoracic and first abdominal segments (SEM microscopy) of A. spiralis. A, Cephalopharyngeal skeleton in lateral view; B, Schematic illustration of the location of sensillae distributed on thoracic and abdominal segments; C, Larval habitus, length about 8–10 mm; D, Posterior spiracle. Abbreviations: A1–A7 = abdominal segments, asp = anterior spiracle, as = anterior sclerite, at = apical tooth, b = bulge, CS = caudal segment, c = cleft, cw = creeping welt, da = dorsal apodeme, db = dorsal bridge, dc = dorsal cornu, ec = ecdysial scar, hb = hypopharyngeal bridge, hs = hypopharyngeal sclerite, ko = keilin's organ, ls = labial sclerite, mh = mouth hook, n = neck, pb = parastomal bar, pap-s = papilla-sensillum, p ceph = pseudocephalon, peg-s = peg-sensillum, perit = peritreme, pit-s = pit-sensillum, ps = pharyngeal sclerite, pt = praeapical tooth, ri = rima, sc = spiracular chamber, sh = spiracular hairs, sp = (rudimentary) spiracle, tp = tentoreal phragma, T1–T3 = thoracic segments, va = ventral apodeme, vb = ventral bridge, vc = ventral cornu.