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Figs 35–37. Papuan Maechidius Macleay, 1819 in A revision of the Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Indo-Australian transition zone, and the first record of the tribe west of Wallace's Line

Figs 35–37. Papuan Maechidius Macleay, 1819, habitus, dorsal view. 35. M. dendrolagus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (NHMB). 36. M. esau Heller, 1914 (lectotype ♂ of M. setosus Moser, 1920; ZMHB). 37. M. esau, lectotype, ♂ (SNSD). Not to scale.

Figs 46–49 in A revision of the Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Indo-Australian transition zone, and the first record of the tribe west of Wallace's Line

Figs 46–49. Papuan and Wallacean Maechidius Macleay, 1819, habitus, dorsal view. 46. M. interruptocarinulatus Heller, 1914, holotype, ♀ (SNSD). 47. M. jobiensis Moser, 1920, lectotype, ♂ (ZMHB). 48. M. kazantsevi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BMNH). 49. M. konjo sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (NMPC). Not to scale.

Figs 58–61 in A revision of the Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Indo-Australian transition zone, and the first record of the tribe west of Wallace's Line

Figs 58–61. Papuan and Wallacean Maechidius Macleay, 1819, habitus, dorsal view. 58. M. maleo sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (IRSN). 59. M. miklouhomaclayi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (NHMB). 60. M. milneanus Heller, 1914, lectotype, ♀ (SNSD). 61. M. merdeka sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BMNH). Not to scale.

Figs 31–34 in A revision of the Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Indo-Australian transition zone, and the first record of the tribe west of Wallace's Line

Figs 31–34. Papuan and Wallacean Maechidius Macleay, 1819, habitus, dorsal view. 31. M. ciliatus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (IECA). 32. M. crypticus sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (BMNH). 33. M. dani sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (IECA). 34. M. deltouri sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BMNH). Not to scale.

Figs 2–7. Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 features. 2. Maechidius esau Heller, 1914 in A revision of the Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Indo-Australian transition zone, and the first record of the tribe west of Wallace's Line

Figs 2–7. Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 features. 2. Maechidius esau Heller, 1914, head, ventro-lateral view. 3. Same, head and pronotum, ventral view. 4. Maechidius sp., same. 5. M. bilobiceps (Fairmaire, 1877) comb. nov., prosternum and pronotal hypomera, ventral view (BMNH). 6. M. weigeli sp. nov., paratype, ♂, head, lateral view (NME). 7. M. spurius Macleay, 1819, mesoventrite. Not to scale.

Figs 50–53 in A revision of the Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Indo-Australian transition zone, and the first record of the tribe west of Wallace's Line

Figs 50–53. Papuan and Wallacean Maechidius Macleay, 1819, habitus, dorsal view. 50. M. lapsus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BMNH). 51. M. legalovi sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BMNH). 52. M. leucopsar sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (IECA). 53. M. lineatopunctatus Frey, 1969, holotype, ♂ (NHMB). Not to scale.

Figs 86–89 in A revision of the Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Indo-Australian transition zone, and the first record of the tribe west of Wallace's Line

Figs 86–89. Papuan and Wallacean Maechidius Macleay, 1819, habitus, dorsal view. 86. M. speciosus (Frey, 1969) comb. nov., ♀ (BMNH). 87. M. sturnus Arrow, 1941, holotype, ♂ (BMNH). 88. M. subcostatus Heller, 1895, lectotype, ♂ (SNSD). 89. M. suwawa sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BMNH). Not to scale.

Figs 109–120 in A revision of the Maechidiini Burmeister, 1855 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae) from the Indo-Australian transition zone, and the first record of the tribe west of Wallace's Line

Figs 109–120. Papuan and Wallacean Maechidius Macleay, 1819, head, dorsal (109–119) and frontal (120) views. 109. M. brocki sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BMNH). 110. Same, paratype, ♀ (BMNH). 111. M. ciliatus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (IECA). 112. M. crypticus sp. nov., paratype, ♂ (BMNH). 113. Same, paratype, ♀ (BMNH). 114. M. dani sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (IECA). 115. M. deltouri sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (BMNH). 116. M. dendrolagus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (NHMB). 117. M. fraterculus Moser, 1920, lectotype, ♀ (ZMHB). 118. M. esau Heller, 1914, lectotype, ♂ (SNSD). 119. Same, ♂ (lectotype of M. setosus Moser, 1920) (ZMHB). 120. M. gressitti Frey, 1969, holotype, ♂ (photograph courtesy BPBM) (BPBM). Not to scale.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2020View details →

Development and Growth Factor Control of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Fetal and Adult Alveolar Type II Cells

Raw data

opencc-zeroAug 2021View details →

Diversity and distribution across a large environmental and spatial gradient: evaluating the taxonomic and functional turnover, transitions and environmental drivers of benthic diatom communities

Aim: Global biodiversity loss has raised interest in understanding variation in diversity at different scales. Especially studies conducted across large spatial gradients are crucial, because they can increase perspectives on how ecological patterns change relative to environmental factors, and facilitate predictions of possible responses to environmental change. We explored the full extent of a brackish sea to test the hypotheses that (i) benthic communities are defined by species' limited ranges, controlled by varying drivers along a large environmental gradient, (ii) the responses of taxonomic and functional community composition and turnover to the environmental gradient are different, thus highlighting the need to include both measures in ecological studies, and (iii) diversity reaches the minimum at intermediate salinities (Remane curve) due to the low adaptation of freshwater and marine species. Location: A large environmental and spatial gradient spanning the entire Swedish coastline (ca. 2300 km; salinity 1.2-27.6), the Baltic Sea Time period: August 2018 Major taxa studied: Benthic diatoms Methods: We assessed environmental drivers for the communities and calculated the taxonomic and functional alpha and beta diversity along the gradient. We also compared the taxonomic and functional composition and diversity of communities between areas with different salinity. Results: We found support for the hypothesis of limited species ranges, as taxonomic beta diversity, mainly induced by changes in salinity and climate, was high, whereas functional beta diversity remained considerably lower, and the composition and diversity of communities, as well as environmental drivers controlling the communities, differed between regions with different salinity. The lowest taxonomic diversity was found at intermediate salinities of 5-6. Main conclusions: These findings advance understanding of large-scale patterns of benthic diversity, emphasize the importance of large gradient studies for a better understanding of general ecological patterns, and highlight the vulnerability of brackish water ecosystems as ecologically important tipping point realms.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

A chemically-triggered transition from conflict to cooperation in burying beetles

Although interspecific competition has long been recognized as a major driver of trait divergence and adaptive evolution, relatively little effort has focused on how it influences the evolution of intraspecific cooperation. Here we identify the mechanism by which the perceived pressure of interspecific competition influences the transition from intraspecific conflict to cooperation in a facultative cooperatively breeding species, the Asian burying beetle Nicrophorus nepalensis. We not only found that beetles are more cooperative at carcasses when blowfly maggots have begun to digest the tissue, but that this social cooperation appears to be triggered by a single chemical cue—dimethyl disulfide (DMDS)—emitted from carcasses consumed by blowflies, but not from control carcasses lacking blowflies. Our results provide experimental evidence that interspecific competition promotes the transition from intraspecific conflict to cooperation in N. nepalensisvia a surprisingly simple social chemical cue that is a reliable indicator of resource competition between species.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Raw data and Figures for the article "Strain Wave Pathway to Semiconductor-to-Metal Transition Revealed by Time Resolved X-ray Powder Diffraction"

- Raw data from Jungfrau Integrating pixel detector (together with azimuthally averaged curves) - Script to create time resolved data from raw data - Scripts to generates main figures of the article.

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Type 1 diabetes adolescent transition study

Objectives: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes experience dramatic excursions in blood sugars as they transition to adult care. Trials on single interventions have struggled to demonstrate lasting improvements in clinical outcomes. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a multi-component intervention on glycemic control, clinic attendance, and diabetes distress amongst adolescents with type 1 diabetes transitioning to adult health services. Design: Prospective controlled quasi-experimental study. Setting: Adolescents with type 1 diabetes from an urban academic pediatric hospital (control group) and a community regional hospital (intervention group) were recruited and followed for 1 year after their last pediatric diabetes visit. Participants: 101 adolescents with type 1 diabetes transitioning to adult care, including 68 from the control group and 33 from the intervention group. Interventions: The intervention group had access to (1) a diabetes nurse transition coordinator, (2) joint pediatric-adult diabetes clinic visits, and (3) pediatric and adult clinics being in the same building. Those in the control group were referred to an adult diabetes provider at their last pediatric diabetes visit without any formal transition program or additional supports. Primary and secondary outcome measures: The primary outcome was longitudinal change in A1C. The secondary outcomes were number of A1C tests obtained, number of adult diabetes visits attended, time gap between pediatric and adult visits, and diabetes distress. Results: There was a difference in A1C trajectory between the control and intervention groups (base model p=0.004, adjusted model p=0.003). A1C continued to rise in the control group after the transition to adult care, whereas A1C decreased in the intervention group. However, there were no statistically significant differences in the secondary outcomes between the two groups. Conclusion: A multi-component intervention can mitigate the glycemic excursions experienced by adolescents with type 1 diabetes transitioning to adult care.

opencc-zeroJan 2021View details →

Macroevolution of flower color patterning: biased transition rates and correlated evolution with flower size

Floral pigmentation patterns can both mediate plant-pollinator interactions and modify the abiotic environment of reproductive structures. To date there have been no inquiries into the rate and directionality of macroevolutionary transitions between patterned and non-patterned petals despite their ecological importance and ubiquity across angiosperms. Petals in the Potentilleae tribe (Rosaceae) display color patterns in the ultraviolet (UV) and human-visible spectrum, or can be uniform in color (i.e., patternless). Using a phylogeny of Potentilleae, I test whether evolutionary transition rates between patterned and non-patterned petals are biased in either direction. I then examine whether UV and human-visible patterns are phylogenetically correlated and test the prediction that color patterns will evolve in concert with larger flowers if they function as guides to orient pollinators to floral rewards. I found that transition rates were biased toward petals that were uniform in color. Transition rates from patterned to uniformly-colored petals were two and six times higher than the reverse for UV and human-visible pattern, respectively. The presence of UV and human-visible pattern evolved independently from one another. However, the evolution of human-visible pattern was associated with the evolution of larger flowers but the evolution of UV pattern was correlated with the evolution of smaller flowers. I posit that the transition bias towards non-patterned flowers may reflect developmental constraints on spatial regulation of pigments required to produce floral color patterning. The correlated evolution of larger flowers and human-visible pigmentation patterns support the hypothesis that nectar or pollen guides are more likely to evolve in larger-flowered species. This work provides insight into how transition rate bias and trait correlations can shape phylogenetic patterns of floral color pattern diversity.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Comparable disparity in the appendicular skeleton across the fish-tetrapod transition, and the morphological gap between fish and tetrapod postcrania

Appendicular skeletal traits are used to quantify changes in morphological disparity and morphospace occupation across the fish–tetrapod transition and to explore the informativeness of different data partitions in phylogeny reconstruction. Anterior appendicular data yield trees that differ little from those built from the full character set, whilst posterior appendicular data result in considerable loss of phylogenetic resolution and tree branch rearrangements. Overall, there is a significant incongruence in the signals associated with pectoral and pelvic data. The appendicular skeletons of fish and tetrapods attain similar levels of morphological disparity (at least when data are rarefied at the maximum sample size for fish in our study) and occupy similarly sized regions of morphospace. However, fish appear more dispersed in morphospace than tetrapods do. All taxa show a heterogeneous distribution in morphospace, and there is a clear separation between fish and tetrapods despite the presence of several evolutionarily intermediate taxa.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

Data from: The genetics of egg retention and fertilization success in Drosophila: one step closer to understanding the transition from facultative to obligate viviparity

Oviparous, facultative egg retention enables Drosophila females to withhold fertilized eggs in their reproductive tracts until circumstances favor oviposition. The propensity to retain fertilized eggs varies greatly between species, and is correlated with other reproductive traits, such as egg size and ovariole number. While previous studies have described the phenomenon, no study to date has characterized within-species variation or the genetic basis of the trait. Here, we develop a novel microscope-based method for measuring egg retention in Drosophila females and determine the range of phenotypic variation in mated female egg retention in a subset of 91 Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines. We inferred the genetic basis of egg retention using a genome-wide association study (GWAS). Further, the scoring of more than 95,000 stained, staged eggs enabled estimates of fertilization success for each line. We found evidence that ovary- and spermathecae-related genes as well as genes affecting olfactory behavior, male mating behavior, male-female attraction and sperm motility may play a crucial role in post-mating physiology. Based on our findings we also propose potential evolutionary routes towards obligate viviparity. In particular, we propose that the loss of fecundity incurred by viviparity could be offset by benefits arising from enhanced mate discrimination, resource specialization, or modified egg morphology.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2016View details →

Fig. 8. Centromochlus orca, MZUEL 10467, 44.8 in A new Centromochlus Kner, 1858 (Siluriformes: Auchenipteridae: Centromochlinae) from the transition between Amazon floodplain and Guiana shield, Brazil

Fig. 8. Centromochlus orca, MZUEL 10467, 44.8 mm SL, adult male, showing modified anal fin. Photo by J. L. Birindelli.

opencc-zeroDec 2018View details →

Data from: Genomic signatures of GPCR expansions reveal functional transitions in the evolution of cephalopod signal transduction

Coleoid cephalopods show unique morphological and neural novelties, such as arms with tactile and chemosensory suckers and a large complex nervous system. The evolution of such cephalopod novelties has been attributed at a genomic level to independent gene family expansions, yet the exact association and the evolutionary timing remain unclear. In the octopus genome, one such expansion occurred in the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) repertoire, a superfamily of proteins that mediate signal transduction. Here we assessed the evolutionary history of this expansion and its relationship with cephalopod novelties. Using phylogenetic analyses, two cephalopod- and two octopus-specific GPCR expansions were identified. Signatures of positive selection were analysed within the four groups, and the locations of these sequences in the Octopus bimaculoides genome were inspected. Additionally, the expression profiles of octopus GPCRs across various tissues were extracted from available transcriptomic data. Our results reveal the evolutionary history of cephalopod GPCRs. Unexpanded cephalopod GPCRs shared with other bilaterians were found to be mainly nervous tissue-specific. In contrast, duplications that are shared between octopus and the bobtail squid or specific to the octopus' lineage generated copies with divergent expression patterns devoted to tissues outside of the brain. The acquisition of novel expression domains was accompanied by gene order rearrangement either through translocation or duplication and gene loss. Lastly, expansions showed signs of positive selection and some were found to form tandem clusters with shared conserved expression profiles in cephalopod innovations such as the axial nerve cord. Altogether, our results contribute to the understanding of the molecular and evolutionary history of signal transduction and provide insights into the role of this expansion during the emergence of cephalopod novelties and/or adaptations.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Changes in spatial variance during a grassland to shrubland state transition

State transitions are changes in ecosystem structure and self-reinforcing feedbacks that are initiated when an exogenous driver variable crosses a threshold. Reversing state transitions is difficult and costly. While some state transitions are relatively rapid, many take years to decades. Outside of theoretical models, very little is known about slower state transitions and how they unfold in time and space. We quantified changes in spatial variance as a mesic grassland ecosystem shifts to a shrub-dominated state, using long-term experiments and simulations that maintain grasslands with annual fires or initiate a state transition to shrub dominance by decreasing fire frequency. In the experiments, the susceptibility to state transitions varied substantially in space. In the less frequent fire treatment, some plots became shrub-dominated around year 20 and grass extirpations began in year 25, but a third of the plots were still grass-dominated in year 37. Variable rates of state transition resulted in increasing spatial variance of grass cover over time, whereas shrub cover variance decreased. In the annually burned treatment, grasses remained dominant and the spatial variance of grass cover declined. In a separate experiment, less frequent fires were maintained for 23 years and then switched to annual fires. The switch to annual fires occurred shortly after grass variance started to increase and a majority of these plots quickly returned to a grass dominated state. In simulations, spatial variance remained low and average grass cover was high under frequent fires. If fire frequency decreased below a threshold, the ecosystem transitioned to shrubland, with a transient increase in the spatial variance of grass cover during the transition between states. Synthesis. Spatial variability in the rate and susceptibility to state transitions is indicative of a system with a patchy spatial structure, high spatial heterogeneity and low connectivity between patches. Increases in spatial variance can serve as an indication that some patches have begun a state transition and that management interventions are needed to avoid widespread transitions. This is one of the first empirical examples where altering management after an increase in spatial variance prevented state transitions.