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Fiddler crab body size in salt marshes from Florida to Massachusetts, USA at PIE and VCR LTER and NOAA NERR sites during summer 2016.
Bergmann’s rule predicts that organisms at higher latitudes are larger than ones at lower latitudes. Here, we examine the body-size pattern of the Atlantic fiddler crab, Minuca (=Uca) pugnax, from salt marshes on the east coast of the United States across 12 degrees of latitude. We found that M. pugnax followed Bergmann’s rule and that, on average, crab carapace width increased by 0.5 mm per degree of latitude. Minuca pugnax body size also followed the temperature-size rule with body size inversely related to mean water temperature. Because an organism’s size influences its impact on an ecosystem, and Minuca pugnax is an ecosystem engineer that affects marsh functioning, the larger crabs at higher latitudes may have greater per-capita impacts on salt marshes than the smaller crabs at lower latitudes.
PIE LTER diel surface water chemistry of two high marsh ponds, Rowley, MA, during the summer of 2016.
We measured diel fluctuations in surface water chemistry of two high marsh ponds in July 2016. The ponds are shallow and experience day-night swings in oxygen concentrations, from super-saturation to anoxia. Our goal was to characterize changes in geochemical properties and dissolved organic carbon concentrations that accompany wide swings in oxygen concentrations. These data provide information about the responsiveness of microbial communities and how the dominance of redox-sensitive metabolisms changes over short time scales (e.g., hours) to feed back on pond water chemistry.
PIE LTER benthic microalgal biomass in fiddler-crab plots in a salt marsh of West Creek, Rowley, MA.
It is well known that species across the world are expanding or shifting their ranges because of climate change. Yet, we know little about their impact on the habitats they colonize. In an observational study, we examined the effect of the fiddler crab Minuca pugnax (Smith, 1870) on benthic microalgal biomass in salt marshes in its expanded range (northeastern Massachusetts, USA). We found that plots with M. pugnax had, on average, 74% lower diatom biomass and 77% lower cyanobacteria biomass than plots without M. pugnax. Our results indicate that this climate migrant can impact saltmarsh functioning by limiting benthic microalgal biomass. See: Johnson, D.S., K.S. Martínez-Soto, S. Wittyngham, M. Pant, and E. Goetz. 2020. The fiddler crab Minuca pugnax (Smith, 1870) (Decapoda: Brachyura: Ocypodidae) reduces saltmarsh algae in its expanded range. Journal of Crustacean Biology 40: 668-672
PIE LTER, parasites of the fiddler crab, Minuca pugnax, on east coast salt marshes of the USA.
When a species colonizes a new range, it can escape enemies found in its original range. Examples of enemy escape abound for invasive species, but are rare for climate migrants, which are populations of a species that colonize a new range due to climate-driven range shifts or expansions. The fiddler crab Minuca (=Uca) pugnax is found in the intertidal salt marshes of the US east coast. It recently expanded its range north into the Gulf of Maine as a result of ocean warming. We tested the hypothesis that M. pugnax had escaped its parasite enemies. Parasite richness and trematode intensity were lower in populations in the expanded range than in populations in the historical range, but infection prevalence did not differ. Although M. pugnax escaped most of its historical parasites when it migrated northward, it was infected with black-gill lamellae (indicative of Synophrya hypertrophica), which was found in the historical range, and with the trematode Odhneria cf. odhneri, which was not found in the historical range. To our knowledge, this is the first time that O. cf. odhneri has been reported in fiddler crabs. These results demonstrate that although M. pugnax escaped some of its historical parasites when it expanded its range, it appears to have gained a new parasite (O. cf. odhneri) in the expanded range. Overall, our results demonstrate that climate migrants can escape their enemies despite colonizing habitats adjacent to their enemy-filled historical range. See Johnson et al. 2020. A climate migrant escapes its parasites. Marine Ecology Progress Series 641: 111-121 for more details.
SBC LTER: Watersipora recruitment on offshore oil platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel, 2014-2015
These data describe the results of experiments and sampling designed to evaluate the effects of disturbance on the establishment of the non-native bryozoan Watersipora subatra on offshore oil and gas platforms in the Santa Barbara Channel, CA, USA.
SBC LTER: REEF: Exudation of dissolved organic carbon by the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
We estimated rates of DOC exudation by Macrocystis pyrifera using short-term (2-4 hours) in situ incubations of entire blades and portions of stipes in the kelp forest at Mohawk Reef near Santa Barbara, California, USA (34o 23.660’ N, 119o 43.800’ W). Incubations of blades were conducted within 2 m of the sea surface at midday on eight dates between October 2007 and August 2011 to investigate the effects of blade growth stage, nutrient status (as indicated by C:N ratio determined using an Exeter Analytical CE-440 CHN/O/S elemental analyzer), epiphyte load, sea surface irradiance, and sea surface temperature on rates of DOC release from intact blades.
SBC LTER: REEF: Frond Lifespans of the giant kelp Macrocystis pyrifera
These data describe the demography of 109 cohorts of giant kelp fronds on 194 tagged plants (1007 total fronds surveyed). Cohorts of fronds on tagged plants were followed monthly in three kelp forests near Santa Barbara, CA from April 2002 to June 2005. These data are useful for determining frond birth rates, death rates, lifespan and age structure.
SBC LTER: Sargassum horneri life history in southern California
These data describe the results of surveys and experiments performed to characterize the life history of the invasive seaweed Sargassum horneri and quantify traits that promote its spread and persistence, including seasonality in abundance and reproduction, habitat affinity, and capacity for local dispersal. This data package includes five data tables and they are used to support a manuscript: Marks LM, Reed DC, Holbrook SJ (2018) Life history traits of the invasive seaweed Sargassum horneri at Santa Catalina Island, California. Aquatic Invasions 13 (3): 339–350. doi: https://doi.org/10.3391/ai.2018.13.3.03
SBC LTER: REEF: Allometric Measurements of Giant Kelp
These data describe the allometry of 55 giant kelp plants collected monthly from three kelp forests near Santa Barbara, CA from May 2002 to June 2003. Included are values for the length and mass of each frond, distinguishing material in the water column from that found at the surface. Data on stipe diameter, number of blade nodes and blade mass are also provided for a subset of fronds. These data were used by Rassweiler et al. (2018) to develop relationships predicting the mass of giant kelp found in the water column and canopy as a function of a few measurements taken from each plant.
SBC LTER: Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) Setup Files, Code, and Lagrangian Model Setup Files
This data contains all the necessary code, grid, forcing, initial, and boundary condition files for running the UCLA version of the Regional Oceanic Modeling System (ROMS) for the Santa Barbara Channel nested solution set that is analyzed in Dauhajre and McWilliams (2019): Nearshore Lagrangian Connectivity: Resolution Sensitivity and Submesoscale Influence. Along with this abstract and separate methods, a brief readme file (README_ROMS) contains other relevant details for running the simulations. The ROMS files in this data correspond to a one-way grid-nesting with the following horizontal resolutions: dx=1km, 300m, 100m, 36m that correspond to R1km, R300m, R100m, and R36m in the publication. In the data directories here, these grids have the following prefixes for all relevant files (grids, forcing, initial condition, and boundary conditions): “usw1” (dx=1km), “usw2” (dx=300m), “usw3” (dx=100m), and “usw4sbc” (dx=36m). The ROMS code is in fortran and requires compilation, with compilation instructions in the directory /src_ROMS_UCLA_2018 in the file “compile.sh”. All grid, forcing, initial, and boundary condition files are in netcdf form. The grid files are in the directory “grids”. Note that the R1km grid has 2 files: usw1_grd.nc and usw1_grd_samp.nc. The latter is a smaller version of the grid that focuses on the Santa Barbara Channel that can be used for the offline Lagrangian model for faster computation (which requires an analogous sub-sampling of the ROMS output). For running ROMS, usw1_grd.nc needs to be used as it corresponds to the entire domain. The atmospheric forcing, derived from a Weather Research and Forecasting model at dx=6km resolution is given in the directory “forcing_files”; all atmospheric forcing files are interpolated to the relevant ROMS grid and formatted to be used as inputs in ROMS. Each grid contains a file corresponding to precipitation (e.g., usw1_prec.nc), radiation (e.g., usw1_rad.nc), atmospheric temperature and specific humidity (
SBC LTER: Comparison of spherical and planar light sensors
Seafloor irradiance in permanent plots at three subtidal reefs off Santa Barbara, California was compared in spring 2016 using data collected from paired planar and spherical PAR sensors. The three reefs (Isla Vista 34° 23.275’N, 119° 32.792’W; Mohawk 34° 23.649’N, 119° 43.762’W; and Naples 34° 25.342’N, 119° 57.102’W) ranged in depth from 5.8 m to 8.9 m (MLLW) and were chosen to represent a range of physical and biological characteristics. The purpose of the comparison was to develop a method for calibrating irradiance data collected from the two types of sensors.
SBC LTER: REEF: Data to support "Niche Complementarity and Resistance to Grazing Promote the Invasion Success of Sargassum horneri in North America"
These data describe the results of surveys and manipulative experiments performed to investigate how niche complementarity, competition, and herbivory influence the success of the invasive seaweed Sargassum horneri. This data package includes five data tables and they are used to support the manuscript: Marks LM, Reed DC, Holbrook SJ (2020) Niche Complementarity and Resistance to Grazing Promote the Invasion Success of Sargassum horneri in North America. Diversity, 12(2)
SBC LTER: Beach: Data to support "Contribution of macroalgal wrack consumers to dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in intertidal pore waters of sandy beaches"
These data describe measures of excretion from talitrid amphipods (Megalorchestia corniculata) fed giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) blades and incubated in a series of mesocosms during May 2018. Data are contained in one table: time series of mesocosm porewater nutrient concentrations measured twice daily for approximately one week (two full trials included in this dataset). This dataset is to support the article: Lowman, H. E., Emery, K. A., Kubler-Dudgeon, L., Dugan, J. E., & Melack, J. M. (2019). Contribution of macroalgal wrack consumers to dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations in intertidal pore waters of sandy beaches. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2019.02.004
SBC LTER: REEF: Annual benthic transect photo quad
This dataset is produced by analyzing nearly 1800 images in a cloud-based image analysis platform ViQi. The images were collected in SBC LTER’s long term benthic monitoring transects. This addition to our cloud environment will continue to improve our visual and interactive Connoisseur models. This project aims to contribute images and corresponding taxa to cloud-based image analysis system. We also compare the difference between benthic survey conducted by divers and using photo-quad imagery analysis. The images in this data set were collected during LTER’s 2018 benthic survey period. This data package includes two data tables: 1) percent cover of invertebrates, algae and fish from all of the SBC LTER’s benthic transects, as well as image location and water depth 2) the images download links for all images used in the analysis.
SBC LTER: OCEAN: Temperature to Nitrate Lookup Tables for the Southern California Bight
This dataset is the temperature and nitrate lookup table in the southern California Bight. The temperature and nitrate measurements were compiled from three campaigns in the Southern California Bight. The temperature and nitrate data were binned in different regions (onshore, offshore, northern, central, southern, and all regions) and seasons (summer, winter, all season) for generating the lookup table. See method for details. Please cite the following publication: Snyder, J. N., Bell, T. W., Siegel, D. A., Nidzieko, N. J., & Cavanaugh, K. C. (2020). Sea Surface Temperature Imagery Elucidates Spatiotemporal Nutrient Patterns for Offshore Kelp Aquaculture Siting in the Southern California Bight, 7(22), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.00022
SBC LTER: Ocean: Diel nearshore water profiles (CTD and chemistry) during stratified conditions
These data describe diel fluctuations in nutrient and physical measurements observed in the nearshore region of the Santa Barbara Channel (Goleta Bay) during the summer of 2018. Sampling took place over three, 36-hour campaigns in August 2018 and encompasses neap, midway, and spring tide conditions. Data are contained in two tables: 1) a time series of physical measurements (temperature, salinity, etc.) measured over time at three different depths, 2) a time series of chemical and biological measurements (ammonium, chlorophyll a, etc.) measured over time at three different depths.
SBC LTER : REEF: Ammonium excretion rates of macroinvertebrates
Consumers may be important mediators of nutrient cycling in giant kelp forests. To aid in this assessment, we measured the ammonium excretion rates of 17 species of macroinvertebrates which comprise 85-97% of the biomass among reefs surveyed by the LTER in the Santa Barbara Channel. We paired these species-specific data with time series of their standing biomass to assess their contributions to kelp forest nitrogen recycling and to examine patterns in their nutrient dynamics over annual and decadal scales. This is the data package supporting the article “Peters, JR, Reed, DC, Burkepile, DE. Climate and fishing drive regime shifts in consumer‐mediated nutrient cycling in kelp forests. Glob Change Biol. 2019; 25: 3179– 3192. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.14706”.
SBC LTER: Reef: Surge uptake capability in Macrocystis pyrifera in response to pulses of three different forms of nitrogen
This data describes the capacity of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera to exhibit surge uptake of three different forms of nitrogen in whole-blade incubation experiments done in spring and summer 2019. The data is contained in 2 tables: 1) uptake rates of 15N labeled nitrate, ammonium, and urea by blades exposed to pulses of nitrogen for periods lasting 1, 5, 15 and 45 min, 2) uptake rates of 15N labeled nitrate, ammonium, and urea for specific time intervals of pulsed nitrogen (e.g., 0-1 min, 1-5 min, 5-15 min and 15-45 min).
SBC LTER: Beach: Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning - sandy beach detritivore kelp consumption rates
These data describe the consumption rates of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) wrack by sandy beach detritivore species common to beaches in the Santa Barbara Channel during a laboratory experiment in August 2016. Species included Megalorchestia minor, Megalorchestia benedicti, Megalorchestia corniculata, Megalorchestia californiana, Phaleria rotundata, and Alloniscus perconvexus. The data file includes the mass of dry kelp consumed per day per individual, the mass of dry kelp consumed per day, and the total mass of dry kelp consumed over the 3-day experiment. There were 12 individuals per treatment and the kelp tissue was measured at the beginning and the end of the 3-night experiment. Consumption rates given here have been corrected for non-consumptive mass loss determined by control treatments with no consumers (4.0 ± 1.5% dry mass or 6.0 ± 2.5 mg).
SBC LTER: REEF: Macrocystis pyrifera biomass and environmental drivers in southern and central California
These data describe 1987-2019 time series of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) biomass and associated environmental variables (wave height, nitrate concentration, climate indices) at quarterly and annual time intervals. Data for spatially resolvable variables (giant kelp biomass, wave height, nitrate concentration) pertain to 361 coastline segments (500 m length) in southern and central California where giant kelp was persistent over the sampling period. Data are contained in 5 tables: 1) quarterly time series of giant kelp biomass, wave height, and nitrate concentrations for 361 coastline segments; 2) quarterly time series of aspatial climate indices (NPGO, MEI, PDO); 3) annual time series of giant kelp biomass, wave height, and nitrate concentrations for 361 coastline segments; 4) annual time series of aspatial climate indices (NPGO, MEI, PDO); 5) locations (latitude and longitude of center) of coastline segments. Kelp data are derived from satellite imagery using empirical relationships. Wave data are derived from an empirically validated swell propagation model. Nitrate data are derived from empirical relationships with remotely-sensed sea surface temperature.
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