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FIGURE 8 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 8. Male genitalia of Phyllonorycter and Cameraria spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Ph. reduncata, host plant Lonicera maackii, [23Pr-2016-male]; (B) Ph. ringoniella, Malus mandshurica, [10Prin-2016-male]; (C) Ph. similis, Quercus dentata, [8Psim-2016-male]; (D) Ph. ulmifoliella [15Pu-2016-male]; (E) Cameraria niphonica, Acer pseudosieboldianum, [1Cn-2016-male]. Sampling location: Gornotaezhnoe, Primorskii Krai, 22–26.VII.2016. Scale bars: (A–D) 200, (E) 250 µm.

FIGURE 4 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 4. Forewing pattern of Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Ph. caraganella, host plant Caragana fruticosa, NK- 184-16-9A; (B) Ph. cavella, Betula dahurica, 111.1; (C) Ph. cretata, Quercus mongolica, NK-85-17-4; (D) Ph. issikii, T. mandshurica, NK596; (E) Ph. japonica, Corylus mandshurica, 36.2; (F) Ph. jozanae, Crataegus sp., 44.1; (G) Ph. kisoensis, Alnus hirsuta, 45.1; (H) Ph. pastorella, Salix sp., 49.1; (I) Ph. reduncata, Lonicera maackii, 55.3; (K) Ph. ringoniella, Malus mandshurica, NK-179-16-1A; (L) Ph. similis, Quercus dentata, 42.1; (M) Ph. ulmifoliella, 37.1. Sampling locations: (A) PK, Rakovka, 27.VII.2016; (B, D–M) ibidem, Gornotaezhnoe, 16.VII.2013 (D), 22-25.VII.2016 (B, E–M); (C) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 12.VII.2017. Scale bars 1 mm.

FIGURE 3 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 3. COI Neighbor-Joining tree of Gracillariidae species sampled in the Russian Far East. Each specimen is accompanied by its sequence number (BOLD "process ID"), species name, sampling location and host plant. Sampling locations are given between two vertical lines, i.e. |Skov.| Skovorodino; |Blag.| Blagoveshchensk; |MTS| Komarov Mountain-Taiga Station FEB RAS and the forest around; |Rakovka|, |Glukhovka| forest around the villages Rakovka and Glukhovka respectively; |Vlad.| Vladivostok; |Sikhote-Alin| Sikhote-Alin Mountains, national park "Zov tigra", |Y-S| Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk and the area around including Susunay mountain range (see Fig. 1 for details). Host plants: A. pseudosieb.—Acer pseudosieboldianum; * sampling done by sweep netting from the bush, whereas all other gracillariids were collected/ reared directly from their mines. Each leafminer species is supplied with its BIN number retrieved from BOLD; blue BINs correspond to known species, red—new BINs.

FIGURE 1 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 1. The area of study in the Russian Far East, June–July 2010–2017. Black circles indicate cities, yellow circles with the numbers 1–12 are the sampling locations: (1) AO, Skovorodino, tree plantation nearby train station; (2) AO, Blagoveshchensk, Friendship park; (3) KK, Komsomolsk-na-Amure, tree lines along the road; (4) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS; (5) ibidem, forest; (6) PK, Glukhovka, forest; (7) PK, Rakovka, forest; (8) PK, Vladivostok, suburb, tree plantation; (9) PK, Sikhote-Alin Mountains, national park "Zov tigra"; (10) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, Botanical garden FEB RAS Sakhalin Branch; (11) ibidem, Gagarin park; (12) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Susunay mountain range, pass "Verblyud". In the left corner, on the map of Russia the sampled area is shaded in gray. Regions: (ChAO) Chukotsky Autonomous Okrug, (KamK) Kamchatskii Krai, (MA) Magadanskaya Oblast, (AO) Amurskaya Oblast, (KK) Khabarovskii Krai, (JAO) Jewish Autonomous Oblast, (AO) Amurskaya Oblast, (PK) Primorskii Krai, (SO) Sakhalinskaya Oblast (includes Sakhalin Island and Kuril Islands).

FIGURE 7 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 7. Male genitalia of Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Phyllonorycter junoniella, genitalia slide [21-male]; (B) Ph. pastorella, host plant Salix sp., [12Pp-2016-male]; (C) Ph. populifoliella, Populus balsamifera, [NK-561- 1-male]; (D) Ph. pseudojezoniella, Acer saccharum, [20Pps-2016-male]; (E) Ph. kisoensis, Alnus hirsuta, [5Pk-2016-male]. Sampling location: (A) SO, Sakhalin Isl., 14.VII.2017; (B, D) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS, 22–26.VII.2016; (C) AO, Blagoveshchensk, 27.VI.2016. Scale bars 200µm.

FIGURE 11 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 11. Mines and leaf shelters of Gracillaria, Callisto, Parornix and Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Gracillaria sp., host plant Syringa amurensis; (B–C) Callisto sp. on Malus sp.; (D) Parornix ermolaevi, Corylus sieboldiana; (E–F) Ph. caraganella, Caragana fruticosa; (G–H) Ph. cavella, Betula platyphylla, (H) "green island" and the mine. Indications: (m) mine; (b) blotch part of the mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (e) exit hole; (f–f2) folded leaf margin or leaf tip (the indexes 1 and 2 indicate the order of construction appearance); (g.i.) green island region. Close up: (B, E–G) mine. Sampling locations: (A–D, G–H) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–27.VII.2016; (E–F) ibidem, Glukhovka, forest, 27.VII.2016.

FIGURE 2 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 2. Sampling localities in the Russian Far East. (A–C) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS: (A) European woody plant species zone, (B) Juglans mandshurica plantation, (C) East Asian woody plant species zone; (D) PK, 20 km west of MTS, artificial lake on the way to Glukhovka and Rakovka; (E–H) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Susunay mountain range: (E–G) pass "Verblud", sampling and camping area, (H) foothills of the Susunay mountain range, the Erman's birch groove. Personalities: (C) S. Gorokhova, (F) V. Sheiko, (H) N. Kirichenko (the photographs are published with the permission of SG, VS and NK). (PK) Primorskii Krai, (SO) Sakhalinskaya Oblast (includes Sakhalin Island and Kuril Islands).

FIGURE 9 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 9. Number of gracillariid species found on various plant plants in the Russian Far East in 2010–2017. In some cases, the same gracillariid species were found on more than one plant genus (for example, Gracillaria sp. on Syringa and Fraxinus, Phyllonorycter pastorella on Salix and Populus etc.), therefore the sum of all bars is more than the total number of species identified in the study.

FIGURE 5 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 5. Female genitalia of gracillariids sampled in the Russian Far East. (A) Micrurapteryx caraganella, host plant Caragana arborescens, Skovorodino, Amurskaya Oblast, 26.VI.2016; genitalia slide [39-female]; (B) Phyllonorycter nipponicella, Quercus mongolica, PK, Gornotaezhnoe, 23.VII.2016, [8-2016-female]. Scale bars: (A) 550, (B) 100 µm.

FIGURE 6 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 6. Male genitalia of Caloptilia and Phyllonorycter spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Caloptilia gloriosa, host plant Acer pseudosieboldianum, genitalia slide [13-male]; (B) Phyllonorycter cavella, Betula dahurica, [11-2016-male]; (C) Ph. japonica, Corylus mandshurica, [4-2016-male]; (D) Ph. jozanae, Crataegus sp. [14Pj-2016-male]; (E) Ph. issikii, T. mandshurica, [NK596-male]. Sampling locations: PK, Gornotaezhnoe, (A–D) 22–25.VII.2016, (E) 21.VIII.2015. Scale bars: (A) 350, (B–E) 200 µm.

FIGURE 14 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 14. Mines, leaf shelters and pupation sites of Phyllonorycter, Chrysaster and Cameraria spp. from the Russian Far East. (A) Phyllonorycter sp. 7, host plant Ulmus glabra; (B–C) Phyllonorycter sp. 8, Juglans mandshurica; (D–E) Chrysaster hagicola, Lespedeza bicolor; (F–G) Cameraria niphonica, Acer pseudosieboldianum and A. caudatum subsp. ukurundense, respectively; (H) Phyllocnistis sp. 1, Salix sp. Indications: (m) mine; (b) blotch part of the mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (l) larva; (p) pupation site. Close up: (C–G) mine; (H) pupation site. Sampling locations: (A) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 11–20.VII.2017; (B–H) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–26.VII.2016.

FIGURE 10 in Exploring species diversity and host plant associations of leaf-mining micromoths (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae) in the Russian Far East using DNA barcoding

FIGURE 10. Mines, leaf shelters and pupation sites of Micrurapteryx and Caloptilia spp. from the Russian Far East. (A–B) Micrurapteryx caraganella, host plant Caragana arborescens; (C) M. gradatella, Vicia sp.; (D) Caloptilia acericola, Acer pseudosieboldianum; (E) C. alni, Alnus hirsuta; (F) C. betulicola, Betula platyphylla; (G) C. heringi, A. pictum; (H) C. stigmatella, Salix sp. Indications: (m) mine; (t) epidermal tunnel; (p) pupation site; (f) folded leaf margin or leaf tip; (r1–r2) rolled leaf margin or leaf tip (the indexes 1 and 2 indicate the order of construction appearance); *mine of Diptera. Close up: (C, G, H) mine. Sampling locations: (A–C) AO, Skovorodino, 26.VI.2016; (D) PK, Gornotaezhnoe, MTS and forest, 22–27.VII.2016; (E–H) SO, Sakhalin Isl., Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, 11–20.VII.2017.

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FIGURE 4 in DNA barcodes and morphology revealed three species masquerading in Xiphydria camelus of authors (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae) in Northeast Asia: X. eborata sp. rev. and X. albopicta sp. nov.

FIGURE 4. Xiphydria camelus (A, F), X. albopicta (B, G) and X. eborata (C–E, H), females (A–D) and males (E–H).—A, Kangaslampi, Finland; B, holotype; C, syntype of X. eborata; D, Sounkyo, Hokkaido, Japan; E, H, lectotype of X. jozana; F, Satsunaigawa, Hokkaido, Japan; G, Pirikaneppu, Hokkaido, Japan.

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FIGURE 3 in DNA barcodes and morphology revealed three species masquerading in Xiphydria camelus of authors (Hymenoptera, Xiphydriidae) in Northeast Asia: X. eborata sp. rev. and X. albopicta sp. nov.

FIGURE 3. Xiphydria camelus (A, B), X. albopicta (C–E) and X. eborata (F–I), heads in dorsofrontal view, females.—A, Hikawa-rindo, Honshu, Japan; B, Kangaslampi, Finland; C, holotype; D, Fuuren, Hokkaido, Japan; E, Ashibetsu, Hokkaido, Japan; F, Sounkyo, Hokkaido, Japan; G, syntype of X. eborata; H, lectotype of X. kawakamii; I, lectotype of X. kuccharonis.

FIGURE 3 in Broad geographic sampling and DNA barcoding do not support the presence of Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Clitellata: Glossiphoniidae) in North America

FIGURE 3. Best scoring maximum likelihood tree recovered from the analysis of the COI alignment (lnL = -100106.195003). Likelihood bootstrap support values and parsimony bootstrap support values are denoted above and below each node, respectively. Branches are drawn proportionate to the amount of change and GenBank accession numbers are noted before each taxon. Taxon names on tip labels of GenBank sequences are based on identifications made by previous studies. The neotype specimen of H. stagnalis is indicated in bold. Dagger (†) indicates non-scute-bearing specimens.

FIGURE 1 in Broad geographic sampling and DNA barcoding do not support the presence of Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Clitellata: Glossiphoniidae) in North America

FIGURE 1. Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758). Neotype (SMNH Type-9177) and non-type (ROMIZ I11710). A. Dorsal view (SMNH Type-9177). B. Dissection of the genital region (ROMIZ I11710). C. Ventral view (SMNH Type-9177). D. Dissection of median region of the body (ROMIZ I11710). E. Ventral surface of the genital region (SMNH Type-9177). F. Dorsal view of the nuchal region (SMNH Type-9177). Abbreviations: A, atrium; E, eyespots; FG, female gonopore; GC, gastric caeca; MG, male gonopore; O, ovisacs; P, pharynx; PC, post caeca; Sc, nuchal scute.

FIGURE 3 in Broad geographic sampling and DNA barcoding do not support the presence of Helobdella stagnalis (Linnaeus, 1758) (Clitellata: Glossiphoniidae) in North America

FIGURE 3 (Continued). Best scoring maximum likelihood tree recovered from the analysis of the COI alignment (lnL = - 100106.195003). Likelihood bootstrap support values and parsimony bootstrap support values are denoted above and below each node, respectively. Branches are drawn proportionate to the amount of change and GenBank accession numbers are noted before each taxon. Taxon names on tip labels of GenBank sequences are based on identifications made by previous studies. The neotype specimen of H. stagnalis is indicated in bold. Dagger (†) indicates non-scute-bearing specimens.

FIGURE 18 in Morphological description and DNA barcoding of Hydrobaenus laticaudus Saether 1976 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from Amur River basin (Russian Far East)

FIGURE 18. Bayesian phylogenetic tree of the genus Hydrobaenus and Parakifferiella sp. as outgroup based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) barcode gene sequences (657-658 bp). The phylogenetic reconstruction was performed with using SYM+I, F81+I and GTR+G for each codon position. Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP) given in tree nodes. Specimens obtained in this study are in bold.

FIGURES 7–17 in Morphological description and DNA barcoding of Hydrobaenus laticaudus Saether 1976 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from Amur River basin (Russian Far East)

FIGURES 7–17. Pupa (7–10) and larva of fourth instar (11–17) of Hydrobaenus laticaudus Saether. 7–8, thoracic horn; 9,

FIGURES 1–6 in Morphological description and DNA barcoding of Hydrobaenus laticaudus Saether 1976 (Diptera: Chironomidae: Orthocladiinae) from Amur River basin (Russian Far East)

FIGURES 1–6. Adult male of Hydrobaenus laticaudus Saether. 1, anal lobe of wing; 2, 4, gonocoxite and gonostylus; 3, hypopygium in dorsal view; 5–6, gonostylus.