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Figure 7. Neighbour-nets generated using SplitsTree4 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)

Figure 7. Neighbour-nets generated using SplitsTree4 from the three mtDNA gene fragments studied (16S, 12S, and COI) in shrimps from the genera Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia. Species pertaining to the different monophyletic clades previously revealed by the combined analyses of the three mtDNA gene fragments are highlighted with different colours, as in Figure 3. Abbreviations: LA, Lysmata ankeri; LABP, Lysmata cf. vittata; LAM, Lysmata amboinensis; LARG, Lysmata argentopuctata; LBA, Lysmata bahia; LBO, Lysmata boggessi; LCA, Lysmata californica; LD, Lysmata debelius; LGA, Lysmata galapagensis; LGB, Lysmata grabhami; LGR, Lysmata gracilirostris; LH, Lysmata hochi; LHO, Lysmata holthuisi; LI, Lysmata intermedia; LIM2, Lysmata cf. intermedia; LK, Lysmata kuekenthali; LM, Lysmata moorei; LN, Lysmata nayaritensis; LNI, Lysmata nilita; LO, Lysmata olavoi; LP, Lysmata pederseni; LRA, Lysmata rafa; LSET, Lysmata seticaudata; LT, Lysmata cf. ternatensis; LV, Lysmata vittata; LU, Lysmata udoi; LWEF, Lysmata wurdemanni EFL; LWG, Lysmata wurdemanni TX; LWWF, Lysmata wurdemanni WFL; EXO, Exhippolysmata oplophoroides; EXE, Exhippolysmata ensirostris; MO, Merguia oligodon; MR, Merguia rhizophorae; and NSP, Nikoides sp.

Figure 3 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)

Figure 3. Tree topology resulting from the combined analysis of the three mtDNA gene fragments studied (16S, 12S, and COI) for shrimps from the genus Lysmata (29 taxa), Exhippolysmata (two taxa), Merguia (two taxa), and one out-group (Nikoides sp.), under maximum likelihood (ML). Numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the maximum likelihood (ML) analysis in TREEFINDER and posterior probabilities from the Bayesian inference (BI) analysis in MrBayes (ML/BI). The general topology of the trees obtained from ML and BI analyses was the same.

Figure 1 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)

Figure 1. Amino acid usage analysis (mean amino acid count per sequence) for COI reference sequences (from selected species of crustaceans: Macrobrachium rosenbergii, Exopalaemon caricaudinata, Halocaridina rubra, and Cherax destructor), for COI orthologous sequences obtained from shrimps from the genus Lysmata, and for COI-like cloned sequences from Lysmata seticaudata. The error bars in each graph represent the highest and lowest amino acid counts per sequence in the three data sets. Amino acid determination and naming follows the invertebrate mitochondrial translation code, and was performed in MEGA 5.

Figure 2 in Exploring phylogenetic informativeness and nuclear copies of mitochondrial DNA (numts) in three commonly used mitochondrial genes: mitochondrial phylogeny of peppermint, cleaner, and semi-terrestrial shrimps (Caridea: Lysmata, Exhippolysmata, and Merguia)

Figure 2. Tree topologies resulting from the analysis of COI-like cloned sequences from Lysmata seticaudata and mtDNA COI gene fragments for shrimps from the genus Lysmata (29 taxa), Exhippolysmata (two taxa), Merguia (two taxa), and one out-group (Nikoides sp.), under maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI). Numbers above or below the branches represent the bootstrap values obtained from the ML analysis in TREEFINDER, and posterior probabilities from the BI analysis in MrBayes.

opennotspecifiedApr 2000View details →

FIG. 1 in The terrestrial micro-arthropod fauna of the South Sandwich Islands

FIG. 1. The South Sandwich Islands. Main map: major islands. OOEset: location of South Sandwich Is. (SS) in relation to the Falkland Is. (F), South Georgia (G), South Orkney Is. (O), South Shetland Is. (Sh), Antarctic Peninsula (P) and Continental Antarctica (C).

opennotspecifiedAug 2009View details →

FIGURE 1 in The terrestrial herpetofauna of Torres and Banks Groups (northern Vanuatu), with report of a new species for Vanuatu

FIGURE 1. Top: Map of Eastern Melanesia showing location of Santa Cruz Group (Solomon Islands) and Torres and Banks Islands (Vanuatu). Bottom: Map showing main islands of Torres and Banks Groups (Vanuatu) (modified after Motteler 1986).

Figure 8 in Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny of Myxophyllum steenstrupi (Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of terrestrial pulmonates

Figure 8. Phylogenetic tree based on the nuclear 18S rRNA gene as well as on the mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA gene sequences, showing the systematic position of M. steenstrupi isolated from the plaited door snail Cochlodina laminata. The class Colpodea was used as the outgroup. Bootstrap values for maximum likelihood conducted in IQTrees as well as posterior probabilities for Bayesian inferences conducted in MrBayes and Phycas were mapped onto the best scoring IQ tree. Dash indicates mismatch between maximum likelihood and Bayesian tree topologies. Sequences marked in red were obtained during this study. Fully statistically supported nodes are marked with red solid circles. GenBank accession numbers can be found in Supporting Information (Table S6). The scale bar denotes six substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions.

Figure 6 in Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny of Myxophyllum steenstrupi (Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of terrestrial pulmonates

Figure 6. Phylogenetic tree based on the nuclear 18S, 5.8S, and 28S rRNA gene sequences, showing the systematic position of M. steenstrupi isolated from the plaited door snail Cochlodina laminata. The subclass Scuticociliatia is represented by the orders Philasterida and Pleuronematida, the subclass Astomatia was used as the outgroup. Bootstrap values for maximum likelihood conducted in IQTrees as well as posterior probabilities for Bayesian inferences conducted in MrBayes and Phycas were mapped onto the best scoring IQ tree. Dash indicates mismatch between maximum likelihood and Bayesian tree topologies. Sequences marked in red were obtained during this study. Fully statistically supported nodes are marked with red solid circles. GenBank accession numbers can be found in Supporting Information (Table S2). The scale bar denotes seven substitutions per one hundred nucleotide positions.

Figure 2. M. steenstrupi after protargol impregnation. A, B in Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny of Myxophyllum steenstrupi (Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of terrestrial pulmonates

Figure 2. M. steenstrupi after protargol impregnation. A, B, top and bottom overviews of the same specimen, showing the ciliary pattern and nuclear apparatus. Black arrowheads mark the anterior suture, white double arrowheads denote the right lateral suture, white arrowheads denote the left lateral suture, and arrows mark the posterior suture. C, detail of the silverline system in the anterior body portion. D, semischematic diagram, showing the ciliary pattern within and around the mouth pocket. MA, macronuclear nodules; MI, micronucleus; PM, paroral membrane; SK, somatic kineties; SL, silverline; VK, vestibular kineties. Scale bars = 20 Μm (C), 55 Μm (A, B).

Figure 4. M in Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny of Myxophyllum steenstrupi (Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of terrestrial pulmonates

Figure 4. M. steenstrupi after protargol impregnation (A–D, H) and after silver nitrate impregnation (E–G). A, detail of the anterolateral body region, showing the anterior suture (black arrowhead) made by abutting anterior ends of ventral kineties and thigmotactic kineties. B, detail of the posterolateral body region, showing the posterior suture. C, frontal view, showing the entrance to the mouth pocket (arrow). Note that somatic kineties enter the mouth pocket to become vestibular kineties. D, optical section through the mouth pocket, showing the vestibular kineties, adoral organelle and paroral membrane. E–G, details of the cell surface, showing the somatic ciliary pattern and the silverline system. Black arrowheads mark the anterior suture, opposed white arrowheads denote the blank stripe within the right lateral suture, red arrows show the dikinetids of the thigmotactic field, and red arrowheads mark the horizontal silverlines. H, detail of the anterior body region, showing the thigmotactic field and the blank stripe within the right lateral suture (opposed white arrowheads). AO, adoral organelle; F, fibres, MP, mouth pockets; PM, paroral membrane; VK, vestibular kineties; SK, somatic kineties. Scale bars = 5 Μm (G), 10 Μm (B), 15 Μm (H), 20 Μm (A, C, E).

Figure 3. M in Re-discovery and novel contributions to morphology and multigene phylogeny of Myxophyllum steenstrupi (Ciliophora: Pleuronematida), an obligate symbiont of terrestrial pulmonates

Figure 3. M. steenstrupi in vivo (A–D) and after protargol impregnation (E, F). A, B, ventral overviews of two representative individuals, showing the nuclear apparatus and the contractile vacuole. Arrow in (A) indicates the entrance to the mouth pocket. C, D, details of the posterior body region, showing the entrance to the mouth pocket (arrow) containing vestibular kineties, the nuclear and contractile vacuole apparatus as well as the posterior suture (opposed white arrowheads). E, top overview, showing the nuclear apparatus and the ciliary pattern. Black arrowheads mark the anterior suture, the white arrowhead denotes the left lateral suture. F, detail of nuclear apparatus of the specimen shown in (E). CV, contractile vacuole; MA, macronuclear nodules; MI, micronucleus; MP, mouth pocket; SK, somatic kineties; TF, thigmotactic field; VK, vestibular kineties. Scale bars = 15 Μm (C), 25 Μm (D), 30 Μm (F), 55 Μm (E), 60 Μm (A, B).

Figure 38 in Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves

Figure 38. Ctenorillo ferrarai Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov., ♂: A, left mandible; B, right mandible; C, maxillule; D, maxilla; E, maxilliped; F, uropod.

Figure 37 in Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves

Figure 37. Ctenorillo ferrarai Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov., ♂: A, habitus, lateral; B, disposition of dorsal tubercles; C, dorsal scale seta; D, cephalon and pereonites 1 and 2, frontal; E, cephalon, dorsal; F, cephalon, caudal; G, epimera of pereonites 1–4, ventral; H, pereonite 7, pleon, telson and uropods, frontal; I, pereonite 7, pleon, telson, and uropods, ventral; J, antennule; K, antenna. Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 36 in Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves

Figure 36. Trichorhina anhanguera Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov., ♂: A, pereopod 7; B, genital papilla; C, pleopod 1; D, pleopod 2; E, pleopod 3 exopod; F, pleopod 4 exopod; G, pleopod 5 exopod.

Figure 35 in Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves

Figure 35. Trichorhina anhanguera Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov., ♀: A, left mandible; B, right mandible; C, maxillule; D, maxilla; E, maxilliped; F, uropod; ♂: G, pereopod 1.

Figure 34 in Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves

Figure 34. Trichorhina anhanguera Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov., ♀: A, habitus, dorsal; B, noduli laterales b/c and d/c coordinates; C, cephalon, frontal; D, cephalon, dorsal; E, pereonite 1, nodulus lateralis, and dorsal scale seta; F, telson; G, antennule; H, antenna.

Figure 40 in Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves

Figure 40. Distribution map of terrestrial isopods in Brazilian karst areas: 1, Miktoniscus medcofi; 2, Spelunconiscus castroi sp. nov.; 3, Xangoniscus aganju sp. nov.; 4, Leonardoscia hassalli sp. nov.; 5, Metaprosekia quadriocellata sp. nov.; 6, Metaprosekia caupe sp. nov.; 7, Benthana iporangensis; 8, Benthana taeniata; 9, Ischioscia amazonica; 10, Amazoniscus leistikowi sp. nov.; 11, Amazoniscus eleonorae; 12, Circoniscus bezzi, 13, Circoniscus buckupi; 14, Circoniscus carajasensis; 15, Circoniscus intermedius; 16, Circoniscus incisus; 17, Novamundoniscus altamiraensis sp. nov.; 18, Dubioniscus goeldii; 19, Dubioniscus marmoratus; 20, Trichorhina yiara sp. nov.; 21, Trichorhina curupira sp. nov.; 22, Trichorhina anhanguera sp. nov.; 23, Trichorhina guanophila; 24, Porcellionides pruinosus; 25, Armadillidium vulgare; 26, Ctenorillo ferrarai sp. nov.; 27, Cubaris murina; 28, Gabunillo aridicola. Abbreviations: AC, Acre; AL, Alagoas; AP, Amapá; AM, Amazonas; BA, Bahia; CE, Ceará; DF, Distrito Federal; ES, Espírito Santo; GO, Goiás; MA, Maranhão; MT, Mato Grosso; MS, Mato Grosso do Sul; MG, Minas Gerais; PA, Pará; PR, Paraíba; PR, Paraná; PE, Pernambuco; PI, Piauí; RJ, Rio de Janeiro; RN, Rio Grande do Norte; RS, Rio Grande do Sul; RO, Rondônia; RR, Roraima; SC, Santa Catarina; SP, São Paulo; SE, Sergipe; TO, Tocantins.

Figure 32 in Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves

Figure 32. Trichorhina curupira Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov., ♀: A, habitus, dorsal; B, noduli laterales b/c and d/c coordinates; C, cephalon, frontal; D, cephalon, dorsal; E, telson; F, pereonite 1, nodulus lateralis, and dorsal scale seta; G, antennule; H, antenna; I, uropod.

Figure 30 in Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves

Figure 30. Trichorhina yiara Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov., ♀: A, left mandible; B, right mandible; C, maxillule; D, maxilla; E, maxilliped; F, uropod.

Figure 31 in Terrestrial isopods (Crustacea: Isopoda: Oniscidea) from Brazilian caves

Figure 31. Trichorhina yiara Campos-Filho, Araujo & Taiti sp. nov., ♂: A, pereopod 1; B, pereopod 7; C, pleopod 1; D, pleopod 2; E, pleopod 3 exopod; F, pleopod 4 exopod; G, pleopod 5 exopod.