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FIGURE 2. X in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 2. X-ray images of Persea leaves. A. P. glabra van der Werff (Harley 27205). B. P. haenkeana Mez (Solomon 9293). C. P. humilis Nash (Kral 48093). D. P. jenmanii Mez (Steyermark 92485). E. P. julianae van der Werff (Holmgren 54397). F. P. liebmannii Mez (Tenorio L. 6241). G. P. lingue Nees (Mahu s.n.). H. P. longipes (Schltdl.) Meisn. (Schiede 59). I. P. meridensis L.E.Kopp (Berti 1730). J. P. meziana Rasingam & Karthig. (Moraes 5178). K. P. obovata Nees & Mart. (Godoy 775). L. P. palustris (Raf.) Sarg. (Hansen 9993). M. P. pedunculosa Meisn. (Claussen 1774). N. P. perseiphylla (C.K.Allen) van der Werff (Boom 5743). O. P. peruviana Nees (Bernardi 16235). P. P. povedae W.C.Burger (Herrera Ch. 435). Q. P. pseudofasciculata L.E.Kopp (Krukoff 11283). R. P. pumila P.L.R.Moraes & R.S.Pacheco (Moraes 3572). S. P. punctata Meisn. (Lund s.n.). T. P. rigida Nees & Mart. (Sellow 652). Bars = 1 cm.
FIGURE 5. X in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 5. X-ray images (close-up) of the leaf venation of Persea. A. P. cuneata Meisn. (Escobar 7182). B. P. donnell-smithii Mez (Tenorio L. 14894). C. P. fastigiata L.E.Kopp (Cardoso 3363). D. P. ferruginea Kunth (McPherson 13173). E. P. fuliginosa Nees & Mart. (Sellow 4313). F. P. fulva L.E.Kopp (Glaziou 14203). G. P. fusca Mez (Glaziou 22069). H. P. glabra van der Werff (Moraes 2585). I. P. haenkeana Mez (Solomon 9293). J. P. humilis Nash (Kral 48093). K. P. jenmanii Mez (Steyermark 93567). L. P. julianae van der Werff (Holmgren 54397). Bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 6. X in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 6. X-ray images (close-up) of the leaf venation of Persea. A. P. liebmannii Mez (Tenorio L. 6241). B. P. lingue Nees (Mahu s.n.). C. P. longipes (Schltdl.) Meisn. (Schiede 59). D. P. meridensis L.E.Kopp (Berti 1730). E. P. meziana Rasingam & Karthig. (Moraes 5178). F. P. obovata Nees & Mart. (Garcia 902). G. P. palustris (Raf.) Sarg. (Hansen 9993). H. P. pedunculosa Meisn. (Claussen 1774). I. P. perseiphylla (C.K.Allen) van der Werff (Boom 5743). J. P. peruviana Nees (Bernardi 16235). K. P. povedae W.C.Burger (Herrera Ch. 435). L. P. pseudofasciculata L.E.Kopp (van der Werff 10006). Bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 4. X in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 4. X-ray images (close-up) of the leaf venation of Persea. A. P. alba Nees & Mart. (Schwacke 5779). B. P. albida Kosterm. (House 1057). C. P. americana Mill. (Rohan 44). D. P. areolatocostae (C.K.Allen) van der Werff (Monteagudo 4714). E. P. aurata Miq. (Blanchet 3566). F. P. benthamiana Meisn. (Spruce 2766). G. P. borbonia (L.) Spreng. (Jones 23939). H. P. buchtienii O.C.Schmidt (Nee 42046). I. P. caerulea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (van der Werff 9473). J. P. caesia Meisn. (Moraes 4715). K. P. chrysophylla L.E.Kopp (Soejarto 3057). L. P. croizatii van der Werff (Almeida 624). Bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 1. X in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 1. X-ray images of Persea leaves. A. P. alba Nees & Mart. (Schwacke 5779). B. P. albida Kosterm. (House 1057). C. P. americana Mill. (Rohan 44). D. P. areolatocostae (C.K.Allen) van der Werff (Monteagudo 4714). E. P. aurata Miq. (Vergne 63). F. P. benthamiana Meisn. (Spruce 2766). G. P. borbonia (L.) Spreng. (Jones 23939). H. P. buchtienii O.C.Schmidt (Nee 42046). I. P. caerulea (Ruiz & Pav.) Mez (van der Werff 9473). J. P. caesia Meisn. (Moraes 4715). K. P. chrysophylla L.E.Kopp (Soejarto 3057). L. P. croizatii van der Werff (Almeida 624). M. P. cuneata Meisn. (Escobar 7182). N. P. donnell-smithii Mez (Tenorio L. 14894). O. P. fastigiata L.E.Kopp (Cardoso 3363). P. P. ferruginea Kunth (McPherson 13173). Q. P. fuliginosa Nees & Mart. (Sellow 4313). R. P. fulva L.E.Kopp (Glaziou 14203). S. P. fusca Mez (Glaziou 22069). Bars = 1 cm.
FIGURE 3. X in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 3. X-ray images of Persea leaves. A. P. rufotomentosa Nees & Mart. (Moraes 3593). B. P. ruizii J.F.Macbr. (Solomon 15364). C. P. schiedeana Nees (Hammel 6966). D. P. sericea Kunth (Harling 23755). E. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Herbarium Lusitanicum). F. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Riedel 698). G. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Falkenberg 2971). H. P. veraguasensis Seem. (Davidse 24628). I. P. vesticula Standl. & Steyerm. (Hawkins 450). J. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Sellow 5230 = H.I.B. 134). K. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Reitz 11703). L. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Moraes 3516). M. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Moraes 3519). N. P. willdenovii Kosterm. Badini s.n. (OUPR [26599]). O. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Moraes 3515). Bars: 1 cm.
FIGURE 10 in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 10. Photomicrographs of Persea leaves. A. P. punctata Meisn. (Lund s.n.). B. P. punctata Meisn. (Riedel 2234). C. P. punctata Meisn. (Moraes 3602). D. P. rigida Nees & Mart. (Sellow 652). E. P. rigida Nees & Mart. (Aguirre 102). F. P. rigida Nees & Mart. (Moraes 5424). G. P. rufotomentosa Nees & Mart. (Moraes 3593). H. P. ruizii J.F.Macbr. (Solomon 15364). I. P. schiedeana Nees (Alvaro M. 747). J. P. sericea Kunth (Harling 23755). K. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Herbarium Lusitanicum). L. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Riedel 698). M. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Brade 12999). N. P. venosa Nees & Mart. (Moraes 5379). O. P. veraguasensis Seem. (Davidse 24628). P. P. vesticula Standl. & Steyerm. (Hawkins 450). Q. P. weberbaueri Mez (Pérez 9075). R. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Sellow 5230 = H.I.B. 134). S. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Langsdorff s.n.). T. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Reitz 2140). U. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Reitz 9731). V. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Badini s.n.). W. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Araujo 7044). X. P. willdenovii Kosterm. (Moraes 5453). Bars = 250 μm.
FIGURE 11 in Leaf venation of living species of Persea (Lauraceae), with taxonomic and nomenclatural notes
FIGURE 11. Leaf venation of Persea microneura Meisn. A, D, G–H. Riedel s.n. B, E. Demuner 627. C, F, M–N. Fernandes 2877. I–J. Binot 197. K–L. Miers 4280. Bars: 1 cm (A–C), 5 mm (D–F), 250 μm (G–N).
FIGURE 10. Freyanopterolichus nipponiae Dubinin, 1953 in Redescription of two parasitic feather mites sampled from the last two Crested Ibises, Nipponia nippon (Temminck, 1835) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae) lived in Japan
FIGURE 10. Freyanopterolichus nipponiae Dubinin, 1953 (SEM photos). A—female, dorsal view, B—posterior part of female hysteronotal shield, C— posterior part of male hysteronotal shield, D—male, dorsal view, E—oviporus of female, F—aedeagus, oblique view from left, G: right tarsus I, dorsal view.
FIGURE 6. Compressalges nipponiae Dubinin, 1950 in Redescription of two parasitic feather mites sampled from the last two Crested Ibises, Nipponia nippon (Temminck, 1835) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae) lived in Japan
FIGURE 6. Compressalges nipponiae Dubinin, 1950, details (SEM photos). A—oviporus of female, B—anal area and copulatory opening (arrowhead) of female, C—genital apparatus of male and surrounding setae (arrowhead: irregularly duplicated seta ps3), E—left tarsus I in dorsal view.
FIGURE 5. Compressalges nipponiae Dubinin, 1950 in Redescription of two parasitic feather mites sampled from the last two Crested Ibises, Nipponia nippon (Temminck, 1835) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae) lived in Japan
FIGURE 5. Compressalges nipponiae Dubinin, 1950, dorsal shields (SEM photos). A—prodorsal shield of female, B—hysteronotal shield of female, C—hysteronotal shield of male, D—posterior end of male hysteronotal shield.
FIGURE 4. Compressalges nipponiae Dubinin, 1950, legs. A, B—legs I—II in Redescription of two parasitic feather mites sampled from the last two Crested Ibises, Nipponia nippon (Temminck, 1835) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae) lived in Japan
FIGURE 4. Compressalges nipponiae Dubinin, 1950, legs. A, B—legs I—II of female, antiaxial face, C, D—legs III, IV of female, paraxial face, E—leg IV of male, paraxial face.
FIGURE 1 in Redescription of two parasitic feather mites sampled from the last two Crested Ibises, Nipponia nippon (Temminck, 1835) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae) lived in Japan
FIGURE 1. Two feather mite species on a feather of the last Japanese Crested Ibis Nipponia nippon (Temminck, 1835) dead in 2003. Dark arrowheads—Compressalges nipponiae Dubinin, 1950, white arrowheads—Freyanopterolichus nipponiae Dubinin, 1953.
FIGURE 9. Freyanopterolichus nipponiae Dubinin, 1953, legs. A, B—Leg I, II in Redescription of two parasitic feather mites sampled from the last two Crested Ibises, Nipponia nippon (Temminck, 1835) (Pelecaniformes: Threskiornithidae) lived in Japan
FIGURE 9. Freyanopterolichus nipponiae Dubinin, 1953, legs. A, B—Leg I, II of female, antiaxial face, C, D—III, IV of female, paraxial face, E—tarsus IV of male, paraxial face.
Data from: Determinants and long-term costs of early reproduction in males of a long-lived polygynous mammal
<p>In long-lived polygynous species, male reproductive success is often monopolized by a few mature dominant individuals. Young males are generally too small to be dominant and may employ alternative tactics, however, little is known about the determinants of reproductive success for young males. Understanding the causes and consequences of variability in early reproductive success may be crucial to assess the strength of sexual selection and possible long-term trade-offs among life-history traits. Selective pressures driven by fluctuating environmental conditions may depend on age-class. We evaluated the determinants of reproduction in male bighorn sheep (<em>Ovis canadensis</em>) aged 2-4 years using 30 years of individual-level data. These young males cannot defend estrous ewes and use alternative mating tactics. We also investigated how the age of first detected reproduction was correlated to lifetime reproductive success and longevity. We found that reproductive success of males aged three years was positively correlated to body mass, to the proportion of males aged 2-4 years in the competitor pool and to the number of females available per adult male. These results suggest that reproductive success depends on both competitive ability and population age-sex structure. None of these variables, however, had significant effects on the reproductive success of males aged 2 or 4 years. Known reproduction before the age of five increased lifetime reproductive success but decreased longevity, suggesting a long-term survival cost of early reproduction. Our analyses reveal that both individual-level phenotypic and population-level demographic variables influence reproductive success by young males and provide a rare assessment of fitness trade-offs in wild polygynous males.</p>
FIGURE 25. Paraphasma marginale Redtenbacher, 1906, live specimens. A in Taxonomic revision of Paraphasma Redtenbacher, 1906 (Phasmatodea, Pseudophasmatidae) based on phallic and external morphology
FIGURE 25. Paraphasma marginale Redtenbacher, 1906, live specimens. A. Adult male from Alto Paraíso de Goiás (Goiás, Brazil), dorsolateral habitus. B–D. Adult female from Delfinópolis (Minas Gerais, Brazil), lateral habitus (B) and anterior region of the body in dorsal (C) and dorsolateral (D) views.
Data for: Heritability and parental effects in telomere length in a color polymorphic long-lived bird
<p>Telomere length, an indicator of senescence, has been shown to be heritable but can also be affected by environmental factors, like parental effects. Investigating heritability as well as parental effects and rearing environment can help us to understand the factors affecting offspring telomeres. Moreover, how phenotypic parental traits linked with fitness can impact offspring telomere length is still unclear. A phenotypic marker closely associated with physiological traits and fitness is melanin-based color polymorphism, which in tawny owl (<em>Strix aluco</em>) is highly heritable and strongly associated with adult telomere shortening and survival. We studied narrow-sense heritability (h<sup>2</sup>) of telomere length (RTL), as well as the impact of parental age and color morph and their interaction on offspring telomere length. Offspring RTL at fledging was strongly positively correlated with both mother and father RTL at breeding. Offspring RTL was also negatively associated with father age, suggesting that older fathers sired offspring with shorter telomeres. Parental color morph did not explain offspring telomere length and there were no interactive effects of parental morph and age, despite previously documented morph-specific senescence patterns. Our results suggest that telomere length is highly heritable and affected by paternal age, but not related to color polymorphism. This suggests that either morph-specific telomere shortening as adult does not result in significantly shorter telomeres in their gametes, or that parents compensate morph-specific senescence via parental care. Morph-specific patterns of telomere dynamics in polymorphic species may thus emerge from different life-history strategies adopted in adulthood.</p>
FIGURE 14. Chloeia viridis Schmarda, 1861, restricted. A. Complete live specimen from Florida, dorsal view. B in Revision of Chloeia Savigny in Lamarck, 1818 from tropical American seas (Annelida, Amphinomidae)
FIGURE 14. Chloeia viridis Schmarda, 1861, restricted. A. Complete live specimen from Florida, dorsal view. B. Another specimen from Florida (USNM 4532), anterior end, dorsal view (LL: lateral (plicated basal) lobes, MA: median antenna, ML: median (plicate) lobe, PA: paired antennae). C. Illustration from Schmarda (1861). D. Specimen from Colombia (UMML 22.913), pigmentation pattern from median segments. E. Specimen from Puerto Rico (USNM 15919), neurochaeta from first chaetiger. F, G. Same, neurochaetae from median chaetigers. H, I. Same, notochaetae from median chaetigers. Scale bars: B, 1 mm; D, 2 mm; E, F, 20 μm; G, 50 μm; H, I, 10 μm (Photo A: Eric Vaandering).
Data from: Within-trio tests provide little support for post-copulatory selection on MHC haplotypes in a free-living population
<p>Sexual selection has been proposed as a force that could maintain the diversity of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) genes in vertebrates. Potential selective mechanisms can be divided into pre-copulatory and post-copulatory, and in both cases the evidence for occurrence is mixed, especially in natural populations. In this study, we used a large number of parent-offspring trios that were diplotyped for MHC class II genes in a wild population of Soay sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>) to examine whether there was within-trio post-copulatory selection on MHC genes at both the haplotype and diplotype levels. We found there was transmission ratio distortion of one the eight MHC class II haplotype (E) which was transmitted less than expected by fathers, and transmission ratio distortion of another haplotype (A) which was transmitted more than expected by chance to male offspring. However, in both cases these deviations were not significant after correction for multiple tests. In addition, we did not find any evidence of post-copulatory selection on diplotype level. These results imply given known parents, there is no strong post-copulatory selection on MHC genes in this population.</p>
Prevalence, severity, and risk factors of disability among adults living with HIV accessing routine outpatient HIV care in London, United Kingdom (UK): A cross-sectional self-report study
<div> <p><strong>Background</strong></p> <p>The study objectives were to measure disability prevalence and severity, and examine disability risk factors, among adults living with HIV in London, United Kingdom (UK).</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>Self-reported questionnaires were administered: World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS), HIV Disability Questionnaire (HDQ), Equality Act disability definition (EADD), and demographic questionnaire. We calculated proportion (95% Confidence Interval; CI) of "severe" and "moderate" disability measured using EADD and WHODAS scores ≥2 respectively. We measured disability severity with HDQ domain severity scores. We used demographic questionnaire responses to assess risk factors of "severe" and "moderate" disability using logistic regression analysis, and HDQ severity domain scores using linear regression analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong></p> <p>Of 201 participants, 176 (87.6%) identified as men, median age 47 years, and 194 (96.5%) virologically suppressed. Severe disability prevalence was 39.5% (n=79/201), 95% CI [32.5%, 46.4%]. Moderate disability prevalence was 70.5% (n=141/200), 95% CI [64.2%, 76.8%]. Uncertainty was the most severe HDQ disability domain. Late HIV diagnosis was a risk factor for severe disability [Odds Ratio (OR) 2.71; CI 1.25, 5.87]. Social determinants of health, economic inactivity [OR 2.79; CI 1.08, 7.21] and receiving benefits [OR 2.87; CI 1.05, 7.83], were risk factors for "severe" disability. <span>Economic inactivity [OR 3.14; CI 1.00, 9.98] was a risk factor for </span>"moderate" disability. Economic inactivity, receiving benefits, and having no fixed abode were risk factors (P≤0.05) across HDQ domains; physical, mental and emotional, difficulty with day-to-day activities, and challenges to social participation. Personal factors, identifying as a woman and being aged <50 years, were risk factors (P≤0.05) for HDQ domains; mental and emotional, uncertainty, and challenges with social participation.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>People living with well-controlled HIV in London UK experienced multi-dimensional and episodic disability. Results help to better understand the prevalence, severity, and risk factors of disability experienced by adults living with HIV, identify areas to target interventions, and optimise health and functioning.</p> </div>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.