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F I G U R E 3 in A molecular assessment of species diversity in Tympanopleura and Ageneiosus catfishes (Auchenipteridae: Siluriformes)
F I G U R E 3 Haplotype network using median joining; colours of symbols according to morphological species. Circle size is proportional to the number of individuals and each bar represent one mutation event. (a), Species of Tympanopleura:, Tympanopleura atronasus;, Tympanopleura brevis;, Tympanopleura longipinna;, Tympanopleura piperata;, Tympanopleura rondoni;, Tympanopleura sp. (b) Species of Ageneiosus:, Ageneiosus inermis;, Ageneiosus lineatus;, Ageneiosus magoi;, Ageneiosus militaris;, Ageneiosus pardalis;, Ageneiosus polystictus;, Ageneiosus akamai;, Ageneiosus dentatus;, Ageneiosus intrusus;, Ageneiosus ucayalensis;, Ageneiosus uranophthalmus;, Ageneiosus vittatus
F I G U R E 3 in Vertebral growth and band-pair deposition in sexually mature little skates Leucoraja erinacea: is adult band-pair deposition annual?
F I G U R E 3 Relationship between monthly total number of eggs laid by 20 Leucoraja erinacea and mean (± SE) monthly water temperature in 2015 and 2016
F I G U R E 2 in Vertebral growth and band-pair deposition in sexually mature little skates Leucoraja erinacea: is adult band-pair deposition annual?
F I G U R E 2 Sample histological sections with oxytetracyline (a) in the ultimate band (green mark;) and (b) with a distally formed band pair. Oxytetracycline was deposited in a translucent band in both images., The edge of the corpus calcareum
F I G U R E 5 in Vertebral growth and band-pair deposition in sexually mature little skates Leucoraja erinacea: is adult band-pair deposition annual?
F I G U R E 5 Locations of oxytetracycline mark in Leucoraja erinacea centra. Oxytetracycline was expected to be across the corpus calcareum (A), but also occurred on the outer edge of the corpus calcareum (B), diffuse in the corpus calcareum (C), diffuse in the intermedialia (D), at the focus (E), and in the arch tissue surrounding the centrum (F). Centra belong to specimens #23 and #99
R Script and files for the Virtual reconstruction of Canis arnensis type from UVB (Italy, Early Pleistocene)
<p>Dataset for the paper: Bartolini-Lucenti, S., Cirilli, O., Melchionna, M., Raia, P., Tseng, Z.J., Flynn, J.J. and Rook, L., 2024. Virtual reconstruction of the Canis arnensis type (Canidae, Mammalia) from the Upper Valdarno Basin (Italy, Early Pleistocene). <em>Scientific Reports</em>, <em>14</em>. doi:10.1038/s41598-024-53073-5 <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-53073-5">https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-024-53073-5</a></p>
F I G U R E 3 in Morphological features of mucous secretory organ and mucous secretion of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus skin for friction drag reduction
F I G U R E 3 (a)–(d) Misgurnus anguillicaudatus skin stained with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and (e)–(f) stained with osmium tetroxide. (a) 3D Xray micro CT × 10 magnification image of loach skin showing the transect line () along which a (b) horizontal sectional X-ray image was extracted., The mucous layer;, pore of mucous secreting gland;, sections through scales. (c) A typical 3D X-ray micro CT image of loach scales;, the borders of scales. (d) X-ray image with ×40 magnification of scales showing radii () and circuli (). (e) 3D SR-μCT image of surface ornamentations consisting of radii and circuli in the sampling area A (Figure 3d). (f) Horizontal sectional X-ray image of surface ornamentations along the white dashed line in Figure 3(e):, the radii;, the circuli;, the basement membrane
F I G U R E 4 in Characterisation of stem and proliferating cells on the retina and lens of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
F I G U R E 4 Double Immunofluorescence of brdu plus ki67 in the retina of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus (): (a), (b) brdu labelled cells at 7 months and (c), (d) ki67 labelled cells at 7 months; (e), (f) brdu labelled cells at 1 year and (g), (h) ki67 labelled cells at 1 year. The pigment epithelium showed positive reaction at both ages as well as a few positively reacted cells at the ganglion cell layer at the age of 7 months only. PE, Pigment epithelium layer; g, ganglion cell layer; vl, photoreceptor layer. The total number of fish used was n = 10
F I G U R E 3 in Characterisation of stem and proliferating cells on the retina and lens of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
F I G U R E 3 Double immunofluorescence of brdu plus ki67 in the retina of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus at age of 3 months (). The pigment epithelium layer and the ganglion cell layer showed some proliferative cells. PE, Pigment epithelium layer; vl, photoreceptor layer; IN, inner nuclear layer; ip, inner plexiform layer; ON, outer nuclear layer; OP, outer plexiform layer; g, ganglion cell layer. The total number of fish used was n = 5
F I G U R E 2 in Morphological features of mucous secretory organ and mucous secretion of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus skin for friction drag reduction
F I G U R E 2 (a) SEM image of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus skin:, the mucous layer;, a scale. (b) Magnified surface of loach skin and (c) morphological structure of loach scale
F I G U R E 3 in Oreonectes guilinensis (Teleostei, Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae), a new loach species from Guangxi, China
F I G U R E 3 Air-bladder of Oreonectes guilinensis sp. nov. (a), Anterior chamber; (b), posterior chamber; (c), a long slender tube
F I G U R E 5 in Characterisation of stem and proliferating cells on the retina and lens of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus
F I G U R E 5 Immunofluorescence for glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) at the age of 1 month in the eye of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus: (a) glial cells in the periphery of lens (), (b) ganglion cell layer (), (c) inner and outer plexiform layers, photoreceptor layer and pigment epithelium layer (). Immunofluorescence for proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in (d) glial cells in the periphery of lens (), (e) ganglion cell layer (), (f) inner and outer plexiform layers, photoreceptor layer and pigment epithelium layer (). L, Lens; PE, pigment epithelium layer; g, ganglion cell layer. The total number of fish used was n = 5
F I G U R E 5 in Morphological features of mucous secretory organ and mucous secretion of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus skin for friction drag reduction
F I G U R E 5 Reduction of skin friction acting on Misgurnus anguillicaudatus surface with mucus layer according to Reynolds number (Rex)
F I G U R E 4 in Morphological features of mucous secretory organ and mucous secretion of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus skin for friction drag reduction
F I G U R E 4 Dark-field OCT images of (a) skin of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus covered by mucus () and (b) the loach skin from which mucus layer was removed ():, the mass of mucus removed from the loach. (c) The lateral flat-skin region and cross-sectional microstructures of loach skin (d) with and (e) without mucus. (f) The lateral region of concave loach skin (g) with and (h) without mucus. (i) The lateral region of convex loach skin (j) with and (k) without mucus., Loach scales
F I G U R E 1 in Morphological features of mucous secretory organ and mucous secretion of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus skin for friction drag reduction
F I G U R E 1 (a) A lateral view of Misgurnus anguillicaudatus showing the region from which tissue samples were collected () and (b) smaller samples sectioned out for SEM and SR-μCT imaging ()
F I G U R E 6 in Morphological features of mucous secretory organ and mucous secretion of loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus skin for friction drag reduction
F I G U R E 6 Schematic model for mucous secretion: (a) cross-sectional view of convex loach skin. When mucous is removed from the epidermal surface, the secreting gland cells are ruptured and their contents are forced out to cover the surface layer. (b) Cross-sectional view of concave loach skin. Empty space between the mucous layer and scales. (c) 3D schematic view of convex loach skin. Mucus is secreted from the mucous gland cells located in the outer layer of the skin covering the scales. Epidermal surface is covered with mucous concentrate
F I G U R E 3 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil
F I G U R E 3 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (a), (b) 1 day post hatch (dph) showing eye (E), pigmented retina (), mouth opening (), oropharyngeal cavity (OC) and yolk sac (YS); (c), (d) 7 dph: eye (E), pigmented retina (), crystalline () and oropharyngeal cavity (OC); (e), (f) 14 dph: eye (E), pigmented retina (), crystalline ()
F I G U R E 2 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil
F I G U R E 2 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (a), (b) 14 days post hatch (dph) showing the oropharyngeal cavity (OC), oesophagus region (), nervous system (NS), gills (BR) and operculum (); (c), (d) stomach (ST), intestine (INT), hepatopencreas (), heart (HR), swim bladder (SB), cranial portion of kidney () and caudal portion of kidney (); (e), (f) swim bladder (SB), intestine (INT), stomach (ST), cranial portion of kidney () and caudal portion of kidney ()
F I G U R E 5 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil
F I G U R E 5 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e), (f) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (g), (h) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (B, D, G, H): (a), (b) 1 day post hatch (dph) showing presence of primordial germ cells (), primitive digestive tube (DT) and primitive kidney (K); (c), (d) 39 dph cross-sectional cut of post-larvae indicating presence of gonadal primordium (GP), primordial germ cell (), melanocytes () and kidney (K); (e)–(h) larger magnification of images (a)–(d), respectively, indicating primordial germ cells () and somatic cells ()
F I G U R E 1 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil
F I G U R E 1 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: a, (b) 0 days post hatch (dph) showing mouth () closed in (a) and open in (b), with yolk sac (YS), nervous system (NS), primitive digestive tube (); (c), (d) 4 and 10 dph, respectively, showing vestige of yolk sac (), swim bladder (SB), hepatopancreas (HP) and intestine (); (e), (f) 7 dph showing oropharyngeal cavity (OC), oesophagus (), stomach (ST), intestine (INT) and swim bladder (SB)
F I G U R E 4 in Comparative larval ontogeny of two fish species (Characiformes and Siluriformes) endemic to the S ao Francisco River in Brazil
F I G U R E 4 Photomicrographs of longitudinal sections of larval (a), (c), (e) Prochilodus argenteus and (b), (d), (f) Lophiosilurus alexandri: (a), (b) 0 days post hatch (dph) showing cephalic region of larvae with presence of epithelial cells (), mucous cell () and nervous system (NS); (c), (d) 7 dph showing cephalic region with presence of epithelial cells of the external region (), basal epithelial cells (), nervous system (NS), club cells (CC) and pigmentation (); (e), (f) 39 dph cross-sectional cut of lateral region of postlarvae with presence of epithelial cells of the external region (), dermis (DE), scales (), club cells (CC), musculature (M) and pigmentation ()
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.