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FIGURE 11 in A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from East, South and Southeast Asia

FIGURE 11. Pseudopoda amphitropa Zhang, Jäger & Liu, spec. nov., A–B Female habitus (A. dorsal; B. ventral). Scale bars: A–B: 2 mm.

FIGURE 5 in A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from East, South and Southeast Asia

FIGURE 5. Pseudopoda acutiformis Zhang, Jäger & Liu, spec. nov., A–B Male habitus (A. dorsal; B. ventral). Scale bars: A–B: 2 mm.

FIGURE 4 in A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from East, South and Southeast Asia

FIGURE 4. Pseudopoda acutiformis Zhang, Jäger & Liu, spec. nov., holotype, male: A–C Left male palp (A. prolateral; B. ventral; C. retrolateral). Scale bars: A–C: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 13 in A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from East, South and Southeast Asia

FIGURE 13. Pseudopoda anfracta Zhang, Jäger & Liu, spec. nov., A–B Female habitus (A. dorsal; B. ventral). Scale bars: A–B: 2 mm.

FIGURE 18 in A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from East, South and Southeast Asia

FIGURE 18. Pseudopoda arta Zhang, Jäger & Liu, spec. nov., holotype, female: A. Epigyne, ventral; B. Schematic course of IDS, dorsal; C. Vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: A–C: 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 10 in A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from East, South and Southeast Asia

FIGURE 10. Pseudopoda amphitropa Zhang, Jäger & Liu, spec. nov., holotype, female: A. Epigyne, ventral; B. Schematic course of IDS, dorsal; C. Vulva, dorsal. Scale bars: A–C: 0.5 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Contribution of tree community structure to forest productivity across a thermal gradient in eastern Asia

These CSV and R script files are the dataset and codes used for the analysis in the following <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-023-36671-1">journal paper</a>: Kohyama, T.I., Sheil, D., Sun, IF. et al. Contribution of tree community structure to forest productivity across a thermal gradient in eastern Asia. Nat Commun 14, 1113 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36671-1   Contents <ul> <li>d0.csv — Individual tree-stem size data obtained by two censuses in 60 forest plots in eastern Asia <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>species</code> — Scientific name</li> <li><code>t1</code> — Year of the first census</li> <li><code>t2</code> — Year of the second census</li> <li><code>dbh1</code> — Stem diameter (cm) at the first census*1</li> <li><code>dbh2</code> — Stem diameter (cm) at the second census*1</li> <li><code>w1</code> — Estimated above ground biomass (Mg C ha−1) at the first census</li> <li><code>w2</code> — Estimated above ground biomass (Mg C ha−1) at the first census</li> <li><code>wl1</code> — Estimated leaf biomass (Mg C ha−1) at the first census</li> <li><code>wl2</code> — Estimated leaf biomass (Mg C ha−1) at the second census</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   <ul> <li>d1.csv — Species-level biomass, productivity and other turnover rates in each of 60 forest plots in eastern Asia <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>t1</code> — Year of the first census</li> <li><code>t2</code> — Year of the second census</li> <li><code>species</code> — Scientific name</li> <li><code>N</code> — Period mean number of stems (ha−1)</li> <li><code>B</code> — Period mean above ground biomass (Mg C ha−1)</li> <li><code>Bl</code> — Period mean leaf biomass (Mg C ha−1)</li> <li><code>p</code> — Relative above ground biomass productivity rate (year−1)</li> <li><code>l</code> — Relative above ground biomass loss rate (year−1)</li> <li><code>P</code> — Absolute above ground biomass productivity rate (Mg C ha−1 year−1)</li> <li><code>L</code> — Absolute above ground biomass loss rate (Mg C ha−1 year−1)</li> <li><code>pl</code> — Relative leaf biomass productivity rate (year−1)</li> <li><code>ll</code> — Relative leaf biomass loss rate (year−1)</li> <li><code>Pl</code> — Absolute leaf biomass productivity rate (Mg C ha−1 year−1)</li> <li><code>Ll</code> — Absolute leaf biomass loss rate (Mg C ha−1 year−1)</li> <li><code>w_max</code> — Period mean above ground biomass of the largest tree (Mg C ha−1)</li> <li><code>w_99</code> — The 99-th percentaile of tree above ground biomass (Mg C ha−1)</li> <li><code>rgr_max</code> — Relative growth rate of the largest tree (year−1)</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   <ul> <li>plot_metadata.csv — Metadata (e.g. location and climate variables) for 60 forest plots in eastern Asia <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>latitude</code> — Latitude in decimal degrees (°)</li> <li><code>longitude</code> — Longitude in decimal degrees (°)</li> <li><code>elevation</code> — Elevation (m)</li> <li><code>area</code> — Plot area (ha)</li> <li><code>MAT</code> — Mean annual temperature (°C)*2</li> <li><code>AP</code> — Annual precipitation (mm year−1)*2</li> <li><code>PET</code> — Potential evapotranspiration (mm year−1)*2</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   <ul> <li>annual_litterfall.csv — Annual fine litterfall (i.e. canopy productivity) obtained by monthly litterfall records collected by litter traps during same census period in 22 forest plots <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>Plitter</code> — Annual litterfall production (Mg C ha−1 year−1)</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   <ul> <li>max_tree_height.csv — Tallest tree height for 388 species in 11 forest plots <ul> <li><code>plot_id</code> — Plot ID</li> <li><code>species</code> — Scientific name</li> <li><code>H_max</code> — tallest tree height (m)</li> </ul> </li> </ul>   <ul> <li>productivity.r — R script for estimating forest-level aboveground net productivity</li> </ul>   *1 No-record diameters due to death in the second census and pre-recruitment in the first census were set to zero. *2 Climate data for the period 1981–2010 were obtained from CHELSA version 2.1 (Krager et al. 2021 EnviDat, https://doi.org/10.16904/envidat.228.v2.1)

MAP 5 in A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from East, South and Southeast Asia

MAP 5. Distribution of Pseudopoda species in Southwest-China (Yunnan Province in Map 4): 2. P. acutiformis spec. nov.; 7. P. apiculiformis spec. nov.; 8. P. applanata spec. nov.; 12. P. bacilliformis spec. nov.; 14. P. bazhongensis spec. nov.; 15. P. beibeiensis spec. nov.; 23. P. chishuiensis spec. nov.; 25. P. coenobium; 29. P. confusa; 30. P. conica spec. nov.; 33. P. curva spec. nov.; 39. P. digitaliformis spec. nov.; 43. P. exigua; 48. P. flexa spec. nov.; 57. P. jiangi spec. nov.; 64. P. longcanggouensis spec. nov.; 79. P. nayongensis spec. nov.; 88. P. qingxiensis spec. nov.; 90. P. rivicola; 99. P. spiralis spec. nov.; 103. P. taipingensis spec. nov.; 109. P. virgata; 111. P. wenchuanensis spec. nov.; 114. P. yangensis spec. nov.; 118. P. yingjingensis spec. nov.

MAP 4 in A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from East, South and Southeast Asia

MAP 4. Distribution of Pseudopoda species in China (Yunnan Province): 5. P. amphitropa spec. nov.; 10. P. auricularis spec. nov.; 13. P. baoshanensis spec. nov.; 18. P. cangschana; 19. P. caoi spec. nov.; 24. P. chuxiongensis spec. nov.; 26. P. colossa spec. nov.; 29. P. confusa; 31. P. contentio; 32. P. contraria; 34. P. daguanensis spec. nov.; 36. P. datangensis spec. nov.; 37. P. daweiensis spec. nov.; 38. P. dengi spec. nov.; 40. P. digitata; 51. P. grandis spec. nov.; 54. P. huanglianensis spec. nov.; 59. P. kavanaughi spec. nov.; 60. P. kongdangensis spec. nov.; 61. P. langyaensis spec. nov.; 62. P. liui spec. nov.; 63. P. longa spec. nov.; 65. P. longiuscula spec. nov.; 68. P. luechunensis spec. nov.; 69. P. mamillaris spec. nov.; 72. P. mengsongensis spec. nov.; 74. P. mojiangensis spec. nov.; 75. P. namkhan; 80. P. nematodes spec. nov.; 81. P. nujiangensis spec. nov.; 82. P. olivea spec. nov.; 83. P. oliviformis spec. nov.; 86. P. parvipunctata; 89. P. rhopalocera; 90. P. rivicola; 91. P. rufosulphurea; 96. P. songi; 98. P. spiculata; 104. P. taoi spec. nov.; 108. P. trinacriformis spec. nov.; 112. P. wui spec. nov.; 113. P. wulaoensis spec. nov.; 119. P. yunfengensis spec. nov.; 120. P. zhaoae spec. nov.; 122. P. zuoi spec. nov.

MAP 6 in A taxonomic revision of the spider genus Pseudopoda Jäger, 2000 (Araneae: Sparassidae) from East, South and Southeast Asia

MAP 6. Distribution of Pseudopoda species in Central and Southeast China: 3. P. aliena spec. nov.; 4. P. allantoides spec. nov.; 35. P. daiyunensis spec. nov.; 42. P. drepanoides spec. nov.; 44. P. exiguoides; 45. P. explanata spec. nov.; 46. P. falcata spec. nov.; 49. P. foliiculiaris spec. nov.; 50. P. gracilenta spec. nov.; 53. P. huangensis spec. nov.; 55. P. hupingensis spec. nov.; 56. P. imparilis spec. nov.; 58. P. jiugongensis spec. nov.; 66. P. longtanensis spec. nov.; 67. P. longxiensis spec. nov.; 77. P. nankunensis spec. nov.; 78. P. nanlingensis spec. nov.; 84. P. pantianensis spec. nov.; 85. P. papilionacea spec. nov.; 93. P. sangzhiensis spec. nov.; 95. P. shimenensis spec. nov.; 100. P. strombuliformis spec. nov.; 102. P. subtilis spec. nov.; 105. P. taoyuanensis spec. nov.; 106. P. tianpingensis spec. nov.; 115. P. yangmingensis spec. nov.; 116. P. yangtaiensis spec. nov.; 117. P. yilanensis spec. nov.

opencc-zeroMar 2023View details →

dryad40/100

Time determines biodiversity of Psilodercidae in Southeast Asia

Psilodercidae (Araneae) make up a remarkably diverse lineage that is endemic to Southeast (SE) Asia and neighboring regions. Studying the diversity dynamics of this group has the potential to shed light on the spatial and historical patterns of diversity and diversification in megadiverse SE Asia. However, a comprehensive species-level phylogeny of psilodercid spiders remains unclear. Based on a decade of fieldwork and taxonomic research, we incorporated fossil information into the most complete species-level phylogeny for 202 extant species to reconstruct evolutionary history and to test how tropical species diversity formation and maintenance are correlated with diversification rates, dispersal events, and time for species accumulation. Our molecular dating analyses and the fossil records indicate that the psilodercid timetree can be explained by ordinal diversification since the Cretaceous. Our reconstructed biogeographic history of the family suggests that in situ speciation is the predominant form of diversification. Furthermore, geographical changes caused by a series of tectonic collision events have affected the distribution pattern of many lineages. Our diversification analyses show no diversification rate changes through time, among lineages, and across geographic space. Thus, time rather than diversification rates or dispersal is the primary cause of species diversity hotspots of psilodercids in SE Asia.

FIG. 14 in New Hannaea Patrick (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Asia, with comments on the biogeography of the genus

FIG. 14. — Hannaea dorofeyukae Kulikovskiy, Glushchenko, Q. Liu & Kociolek, sp. nov. SEM. Internal views. White arrows show the rimoportulae. Scale bars: A, 10 μm; B, C, 2 μm; D, E, 1 μm.

FIG. 13 in New Hannaea Patrick (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Asia, with comments on the biogeography of the genus

FIG. 13. — Hannaea dorofeyukae Kulikovskiy, Glushchenko, Q. Liu & Kociolek, sp. nov. SEM. External views. White arrows show the opening of the rimoportulae. Scale bars: A, 10 μm; B, C, 2 μm; D-F, 1 μm.

FIG. 11 in New Hannaea Patrick (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Asia, with comments on the biogeography of the genus

FIG. 11. — Hannaea dorofeyukae Kulikovskiy, Glushchenko, Q. Liu & Kociolek, sp. nov. LM, DIC. Valves views. Size diminution series. A, B, D, E, Suman Gol River (slide no 03098); C, HÖvsgÖl Lake (slide no 02694) holotype. Scale bar: 10 μm.

FIG. 12 in New Hannaea Patrick (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Asia, with comments on the biogeography of the genus

FIG. 12. — Hannaea dorofeyukae Kulikovskiy, Glushchenko, Q. Liu & Kociolek, sp. nov. LM, DIC. Valves views. Size diminution series. A-C, E, Type population (slide no 02694) D, HÖvsgÖl Lake (slide no 02687), F, Suman Gol River (slide no 03097). Scale bar: 10 μm.

FIG. 5 in New Hannaea Patrick (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Asia, with comments on the biogeography of the genus

FIG. 5. — Hannaea pamirensis Glushchenko, Kulikovskiy, Q. Liu & Kociolek, sp. nov. SEM. External views. White arrow shows the opening of the rimoportulae. Scale bars: A, 10 µm; B, C, 2 µm; D, 1 µm.

FIG. 4 in New Hannaea Patrick (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Asia, with comments on the biogeography of the genus

FIG. 4. — Hannaea pamirensis Glushchenko, Kulikovskiy, Q. Liu & Kociolek, sp. nov. LM, DIC. Valves views. Size diminution series. Type population (slide no 02547). D, Holotype. Scale bar: 10 μm.

FIG. 9 in New Hannaea Patrick (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Asia, with comments on the biogeography of the genus

FIG. 9. — Hannaea mongolica Glushchenko, Kulikovskiy, Q. Liu & Kociolek, sp. nov. SEM. External views. White arrow show the opening of the rimoportulae. Scale bars: A, 10 μm; B, C, 2 μm; D, E, 1 μm.

FIG. 2. — Hannaea tibetiana Q in New Hannaea Patrick (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Asia, with comments on the biogeography of the genus

FIG. 2. — Hannaea tibetiana Q. Liu, Glushchenko, Kulikovskiy & Kociolek, sp. nov. SEM. External views. White arrow shows the opening of the rimoportulae. Scale bars: A, 5 µm; B, 2 µm; C, E-G, 1 µm; D, 0.5 µm.

FIG. 10 in New Hannaea Patrick (Fragilariaceae, Bacillariophyta) species from Asia, with comments on the biogeography of the genus

FIG. 10. — Hannaea mongolica Glushchenko, Kulikovskiy, Q. Liu & Kociolek, sp. nov. SEM. Internal views. White arrows show the rimoportulae. Scale bars: A, 10 μm; B-E, 2 μm.