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Figure 2 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 2 - Maximum likelihood phylogram inferred from cytb sequence data using the GTR + Γ4 substitution model. Node support is expressed as the percent proportion of 1000 bootstrap pseudoreplicates that agree with the bipartitions on the best ML tree (above internode branches) as well as the aLRT SH-like score (below internode branches). Support values above 80% for both measures are shown. Black boxes indicate nodes recovered with >0.88 posterior probability in Bayesian analyses. The scale bar indicates the number of substitutions per site.
Figure 6 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 6 - Ventral views of palates of a Monachus monachus b Neomonachus schauinslandi, and c Neomonachus tropicalis. The tooth row of Monachus is more crowded, likely as a result of the shorter rostrum, and this results in a more obliquely oriented set of post-canine teeth and the lack of a diastema between the upper canine and the first premolar. In Neomonachus, there is a distinct diastema between C1 and P1, and the post-canine teeth are arranged more linearly. The upper incisor arcade of Monachus is slightly parabolic due to the posterior placement of the lateral incisors, and the anterior premaxilla appears slightly curved. In Neomonachus, the incisor arcade is linear and the anterior premaxilla is straight.
Figure 10 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 10 - Plots of mean upper (a) and lower (b) relative post-canine tooth size. Relative tooth size is computed by dividing the mesio-distal length of each tooth by the length of the 3rd premolar (which is typically largest) in the same row.
Figure 1 from: Slater G, Scheel D, Kolokotronis S, Potter C, Rotstein D, Tsangaras K, Greenwood A, Helgen K (2014) Biogeography and taxonomy of extinct and endangered monk seals illuminated by ancient DNA and skull morphology. ZooKeys 409: 1-33. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.409.6244
Figure 1 - Distributions of the three monk seal species. The range for the Caribbean monk seal is taken from Adam (2004) and is based on documented populations and archeological evidence. The range of the Mediterranean monk seal illustrates both historical (lighter shading) and current (darker shading) distributions.
Figure 2 from: Byng JW, Florens FBV, Baider C (2015) Syzygium pyneei (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered endemic species from Mauritius. PhytoKeys 46: 61-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.9039
Figure 2 - Floral and fruit characters. A and B Sole recorded images of flowering event C Close-up of dried inflorescence D Close-up of two fruits. (A–C D'Argent & Pynee MAU 25014; D D'Argent & K. Pynee MAU 26448; A and B courtesy of Kersley Pynee). Scale bar = 1 cm.
Figure 1 from: Byng JW, Florens FBV, Baider C (2015) Syzygium pyneei (Myrtaceae), a new critically endangered endemic species from Mauritius. PhytoKeys 46: 61-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.46.9039
Figure 1 - Vegetative characters. A and B bark C close-up of branchlet D lower leaf surface E upper leaf surface F petioles G leaf venation. (A and G Byng 83; B–F Byng 84).
Figure 3 from: Zhao L, Gao T, Lu W (2015) Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the endangered fish (Bahaba taipingensis): Mitogenome characterization and phylogenetic implications. ZooKeys 546: 181-195. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.5964
Figure 3 - Phylogenetic relationships among Sciaenidae species based on the combined 9988 bp nucleotide positions. The posterior probability value of BI analyses and bootstrap support values of ML analyses (in the order: BI, ML) are indicated near the branches.
Figure 2 from: Zhao L, Gao T, Lu W (2015) Complete mitochondrial DNA sequence of the endangered fish (Bahaba taipingensis): Mitogenome characterization and phylogenetic implications. ZooKeys 546: 181-195. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.546.5964
Figure 2 - Potential secondary structure of the origin of L-strand replication (OL) of Bahaba taipingensis mtDNA.
Figure 2 from: Mertens J, Jocqué M, Geeraert L, De Beenhouwer M (2016) Newly discovered populations of the Ethiopian endemic and endangered Afrixalus clarkei Largen, implications for conservation. ZooKeys 565: 141-146. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.565.7114
Figure 2 - Distribution map of Afrixalus clarkei. Green polygons represent previously known distribution. Red triangles represent new records.
Figure 1 from: Mertens J, Jocqué M, Geeraert L, De Beenhouwer M (2016) Newly discovered populations of the Ethiopian endemic and endangered Afrixalus clarkei Largen, implications for conservation. ZooKeys 565: 141-146. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.565.7114
Figure 1 - Afrixalus clarkei; calling male (A), frontal view of male (B), dorsal view of female (C). Pictures: J. Mertens.
Figure 1 from: Saitoh K, Shindo K, Fujimoto Y, Takahashi K, Shimada T (2016) Mitochondrial genotyping of an endangered bitterling Acheilognathus typus (Cyprinidae). ZooKeys 623: 131-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.623.8981
Figure 1 - Collecting localities (1–12) and range contraction of Acheilognathus typus. Shaded areas are prefectures with past (light) and recent (dark) records. Major mountain ranges are indicated by Λ. Locality 4 contains two ponds, and 6 contains a creek and five ponds around Lake Izunuma-Uchinuma, close to each other respectively. K and T indicate locations of Lake Kasumigaura and Teganuma Lake where Acheilognathus typus was abundant in the past.
Figure 3 from: Saitoh K, Shindo K, Fujimoto Y, Takahashi K, Shimada T (2016) Mitochondrial genotyping of an endangered bitterling Acheilognathus typus (Cyprinidae). ZooKeys 623: 131-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.623.8981
Figure 3 - NJ tree based on net nucleotide divergence showing interrelationships among localities. Long branch between #12 with Hap8 and a node of #1, 2, 5, 6-4, 11 with Hap1 only is abbreviated and the real length is 2.4687.
Figure 2 from: Saitoh K, Shindo K, Fujimoto Y, Takahashi K, Shimada T (2016) Mitochondrial genotyping of an endangered bitterling Acheilognathus typus (Cyprinidae). ZooKeys 623: 131-141. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.623.8981
Figure 2 - Haplotype network of Acheilognathus typus sequenced in this research. Small circles denote missing haplotypes. Numbers below haplotype ID stand for number of individuals observed. Numbers and bases at branches show nucleotide changes at these sites.
COI-barcoding evidences mislabelling and the use of endangered species in German shark products
<p><span>Recent estimations </span><span>categorize about 37% of all cartilaginous fish species (sharks, rays and chimaeras) as endangered. Especially sharks show severe population declines and many species are protected by CITES and other international conventions. Shark meat and other body parts are sold as various products internationally, often via complex trade routes. As most shark products (like cartilage pills, liver oil or smoked meat) are heavily processed, correct species identification can only be achieved via DNA-based methods. It has been shown that a large proportion of shark products ends up mislabelled to the consumer in Europe. Moreover, fraudulent and economically motivated substitution with cheaper meat is a strong driver for illegal and non-transparent shark trade. Interestingly, the German market is one of the most significant key drivers of the legal trade with <em>Squalus</em> <em>acanthias</em>, the spiny dogfish, which is appreciated in gastronomy as 'Schillerlocken' although the species is listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. Additionally, cartilage pills are a popular 'health' product in 'alternative medicine'. We wanted to find out whether mislabelled and substituted shark products exist in the German market. Hence seven 'Schillerlocken' and 17 products of 'shark cartilage pills' were analysed by DNA-Barcoding. We used various primer cocktails to amplify and sequence between 127 bp ('minibarcodes') and 650 bp of the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I. We identified 45.8% <em>Squalus</em> <em>acanthias</em> (including all 'Schillerlocken') and 8.3% critically endangered shark species (<em>Galeorhinus</em> <em>galeus</em>), as well as 4.2% <em>Prionace</em> <em>glauca</em>. In addition, we report 70.6% of the cartilage pills as mislabelled or substituted. The analysis revealed the use of an undeclared teleost species (<em>Merluccius</em> <em>merluccius</em>, European hake), as well as <em>Gallus</em> <em>gallus</em> (chicken) and <em>Solanum</em> sp. (potato). Our results support earlier demands for better transparency and stronger regulation of the shark product market and hold implications for conservation as well as for consumers' health.</span></p>
Fig. 3 in Updated distribution of the endangered freshwater stingray Urogymnus polylepis in Malaysia, with notes on biology and genetics
Fig. 3. Length-weight relationship for Urogymnus polylepis. Red = Malaysia, Blue = Thailand, Yellow = Indonesia, Green = India.
A review of endangered wildlife hosts in Europe for selected pathogens to be targeted by One Health surveillance
<p>EFSA has been asked by the EU-Commission to assess the prioritization of cross-border pathogens that threaten the Union to be used in setting up a coordinated surveillance system under the One Health (OH) approach. A list of 50 pathogen has been considered in a first stage by the OH Working Group of EFSA. Under this OH approach, the criteria to be applied for prioritization of pathogens in further steps should consider that emerging infectious diseases have arisen from or been identified in wildlife, with health implications for humans, domestic animals, and wildlife. The identified infectious diseases pose a threat to wildlife populations and biodiversity and are perceived by the society as real risks to wildlife conservation. We elaborated a list of potential endangered wildlife hosts distributed in Europe for each pathogen. Hosts species were classified as Near Threatened (NT), Vulnerable (BVU), Endangered (EN) and Critically Endangered (CE) based on the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species. Their endemicity status was also indicated. To consider a species as potential hosts, a literature review was performed in PubMED and diagnosis included direct detection of pathogen and immunological response. A complete table and data sources are presented in excel</p>
FIG. 1 in Natural history and conservation of the wolf spider Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881) (Araneae, Lycosidae), assessed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List
FIG. 1. –– The updated distribution of Vesubia jugorum (Simon, 1881). Symbols: ●, type locality; ●, literature data; ●, new records published in this work;, the 17 sites chosen for the long-term monitoring programme.
Investigating population dynamics from parentage analysis in the highly endangered fan mussel Pinna nobilis
<p>Understanding dispersal patterns is a major focus for conservation biology as it influences local survival and resilience in case of local disturbance, particularly for sessile species. Dispersal can be assessed through parentage analyses by estimating family structure and self-recruitment. This study documents the family structure of a pelagic spawner, <i>Pinna nobilis</i>, which is facing a major crisis that threatens its survival as most of its populations have been decimated by a parasite, <i>Haplosporidium pinnae</i>. In this context, we focused on a single population (Peyrefite, Banyuls-sur-mer, France) where 640 individuals were sampled in 2011, 2015 and 2018 and genotyped for 22 microsatellite markers. Genetic diversity was high and homogeneous among years, with mean allele numbers ranging between 13.6 and 14.8 and observed heterozygosities (<i>Ho</i>) between 0.7121 and 0.7331. Low, but significant, genetic differentiations were found between 2011 - 2015 and 2015 - 2018. A parentage analysis described 11 clusters, including one prevailing, and revealed that 46.9 % of individuals were involved in half-sib relationships, even between years, suggesting that source populations were recurrent year after year. There were few individuals resampled between years (30 in 2015 and 14 in 2018), indicating a rapid turnover. Considering the large number of half-sib relationships but the low number of relations per individual, we conclude that <i>P. nobilis</i> exhibit homogeneous reproductive success. Self-recruitment was not detected, making this population highly vulnerable as replenishment only relies on connectivity from neighboring populations. In the context of the pandemic caused by <i>H. pinnae</i>, these results will have to be considered when choosing a location to reintroduce individuals in potential future rescue plans.</p>
Loss of vocal culture and fitness costs in a critically endangered songbird
<p>Cultures in humans and other species are maintained through interactions among conspecifics. Declines in population density could be exacerbated by culture loss, thereby linking culture to conservation. We combined historical recordings, citizen science and breeding data to assess the impact of severe population decline on song culture, song complexity and individual fitness in critically endangered regent honeyeaters (<i>Anthochaera phrygia</i>). Song production in remaining wild males varied dramatically, with 27 % singing songs that differed from the regional cultural norm. Occurring at low population density 12% of males completely failed to sing any species-specific songs and instead sang other species' songs. Atypical song production was associated with reduced individual fitness, as males singing atypical songs were less likely to pair and nest than males that sang the regional cultural norm. Songs of captive-bred birds differed from those of all wild birds. The complexity of regent honeyeater songs has also declined over recent decades. We therefore provide rare evidence that a severe decline in population density is associated with loss of vocal culture in a wild animal, with concomitant fitness costs for remaining individuals. Loss of culture may be a precursor to extinction in declining populations that learn selected behaviours from conspecifics, and therefore provide a useful conservation indicator.</p>
Figs 8–11 in Gulella salpinx sp. n., a new critically endangered holoendemic species from the limestone deposits of the Marble Delta, KwaZulu- Natal, South Africa (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Streptaxidae)
Figs 8–11. Gulella salpinx sp. n. 8–9. Paratype, 4-whorled juvenile, apertural and basal views, diameter 3.40mm. 10–11. Paratype, 7-whorled juvenile, apertural and basal views, diameter 3.78mm.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.