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Fig. 42 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 42. Arcotheres exiguus (Bürger, 1895). A–I, ovigerous female (8.2 × 6.9 mm) (ZRC 2021.784), India (neotype of Pinnotheres casta Antony & Kutyamma, 1971); J, K, non-ovigerous female (8.0 × 6.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.768), India; L, juvenile female (4.0 × 3.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.769), India; M, ovigerous female (4.5 × 4.0 mm) (ZRC 2018.775), Peninsular Malaysia. A, L, left MXP3 (setae omitted); B, left chela and carpus; C–F, left P2–P5, respectively (P3 carpus, propodus, and dactylus missing); G–I, right P2, P4, and P5, respectively; J, K, left and right P4, respectively; M, distal part of right P5 dactylus (ventral view, soft setae omitted). Scales = A–L, 0.5 mm; M, 0.25 mm.

Fig. 22 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 22. Arcotheres palaensis (Bürger, 1895). A–N, male (3.6 × 3.6 mm) (ZRC 2019.1788), Indonesia; O, male (2.8 × 2.5 mm) (SMFZMG 172b) (paralectotype of Pinnotheres arcophilus Bürger, 1895), Philippines. A, left MXP3; B–E, left P2–P5, respectively; F–I, right P2–P5, respectively; J, pleon; K, left G1 (ventral view); L, M, left G1 (slightly different dorsal views); N, left G2; O, pleonal somites 3–5, telson, and left G1. Scales = A, K–N, 0.2 mm; B–J, 0.5 mm; O, 0.1 mm.

Fig. 38 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 38. Arcotheres exiguus (Bürger, 1895). A, C–E, ovigerous female (7.7 × 6.7 mm) (ZRC 2018.772), Peninsular Malaysia; B, female (8.2 × 7.4 mm) (ZRC 2018.775), Peninsular Malaysia. A, B, overall dorsal view; C, frontal view of cephalothorax; D, outer view of right chela; E, outer view of fingers of left chela.

Fig. 39 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 39. Arcotheres exiguus (Bürger, 1895). A–C, ovigerous female (8.2 × 6.9 mm) (ZRC 2021.784), India (neotype of Pinnotheres casta Antony & Kutyamma, 1971); D, non-ovigerous female (8.0 × 6.7 mm) (ZRC 2017.1037), India; E, juvenile female (4.0 × 3.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.769), India. A, D, E, overall dorsal view; B, ventral view of cephalothorax; C, frontal view of cephalothorax.

Fig. 30 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 30. Arcotheres similis (Bürger, 1895). A–K, ovigerous female (9.3 × 7.8 mm) (ZRC 2017.1034), Singapore; L, ovigerous female (6.7 × 5.5 mm) (NHM 1936.6.19.2), Singapore (holotype of Pinnotheres spinidactylus Gordon, 1936). A–D, left P2–P5, respectively; D', distal part of dactylus of left P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (subventral view, soft setae omitted); E–H, right P2–P5, respectively; H', L, distal part of dactylus of right P5 showing stiff subdistal spinules (subventral view, soft setae omitted); I, outer view of left chela and carpus; J, outer view of left MXP3 (setae omitted); K, posterior margin of epistome. Scales = A–H, I, 1.0 mm; J, K, 0.5 mm; D', H' = 0.25 mm; L = 0.10 mm.

Fig. 34 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 34. Arcotheres exiguus (Bürger, 1895), colour in life and in situ in Marcia recens (Holten, 1802) (Veneridae), Peninsular Malaysia. A, male (4.3 × 4.2 mm) and ovigerous female (6.3 × 5.4 mm) (ZRC 2018.772) (placed together for photograph but originating from different shells); B, C, ovigerous female (6.3 × 5.4 mm) (ZRC 2018.772); D–F, male (4.3 × 4.2 mm) (ZRC 2018.772). Photographs: Paul Y. C. Ng.

Fig. 2 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 2. Arcotheres palaensis (Bürger, 1895), colour in life, in situ in Anadara and Tegillarca (Arcidae). A, ovigerous female (13.3 × 11.2 mm) (ZRC 2017.1281), Peninsular Malaysia; B, ovigerous female (8.7 × 8.0 mm) (ZRC 2020.1), Peninsular Malaysia; C, D, ovigerous female (11.6 × 10.3 mm) (ZRC 2020.11), Peninsular Malaysia; E, F, female (7.9 × 6.6 mm) (ZRC 2018.255), Peninsular Malaysia. A, D, E, in situ; B, dorsal view; C, ventral view. A, host A. cf. rhombea (Born, 1778); B–F, host T. granosa (Linnaeus, 1758). Photographs: Paul Y. C. Ng.

Fig. 3 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 3. Arcotheres palaensis (Bürger, 1895), colour in life, overall dorsal view. A, ovigerous female (8.7 × 8.0 mm) (ZRC 2020.1), Peninsular Malaysia; B, female (9.5 × 8.2 mm) (ZRC 2020.1), Peninsular Malaysia; C, female (9.3 × 8.3 mm) (ZRC 2020.1), Peninsular Malaysia; D, ovigerous female (11.6 × 10.3 mm) (ZRC 2020.11), Peninsular Malaysia; E, female (6.3 × 5.0 mm) (ZRC 2021.821), Peninsular Malaysia; F, ovigerous female (7.9 × 6.4 mm) (ZRC 2021.821), Peninsular Malaysia; G, female (6.4 × 4.8 mm) (ZRC 2021.821), Peninsular Malaysia; H, female (7.8 × 6.6 mm) (ZRC 2021.0801), Peninsular Malaysia. Photographs: Paul Y. C. Ng, P. K. L. Ng.

Fig. 4 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 4. Arcotheres palaensis (Bürger, 1895), ovigerous female (11.6 × 10.3 mm) (ZRC 2020.11), Peninsular Malaysia, colour in life. Two subventral views showing eyes, antennules, antennae, and MXP3.

Fig. 1 in The pea crab genus Arcotheres Manning, 1993 (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pinnotheridae) from Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, with a reappraisal of diagnostic characters and descriptions of two new genera

Fig. 1. Original figures of selected species. A, A. palaensis (Bürger, 1895), after Bürger (1895: pl. 9 fig. 12); B, A. guinotae Campos, 2001, after Campos (2001: fig. 1A); C, A. arcophilus (Bürger, 1895), after Bürger (1895: pl. 9 fig. 10); D, A. modiolicola (Bürger, 1895), after Bürger (1895: pl. 9 fig. 9); E, Pl. coarctatus (Bürger, 1895), after Bürger (1895: pl. 9 fig. 7); F, M. latus (Bürger, 1895), after Bürger (1895: pl. 9 fig. 16).

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Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7). in Assessment Of Phytogeographic Reference Regions For Cenozoic Vegetation: A Case Study On The Miocene Flora Of Wiesa (Germany)

Text-fig. 4. Graphical visualization of Phytogeographic Reference Regions Assessment (PRRA) of nearest living relative genera of fossil-taxa from late Early Miocene Wiesa assemblage in eastern Germany. Analysis yields only NLRs which have modern distribution area (partly) in E and SE Asia. For relationships of fossil-taxa to nearest living relatives or ecological equivalents, see Tab. 6; taxa used for analysis marked with asterisks. Three geographic resolutions conducted: a – grid with 1.5° latitude/longitude resolution, b – grid with 2°, c – grid with 3°; similarity column indicates cooccurrences of genera of nearest living relatives in single grid box. Maximum value in our analysis: grid box marked with arrow in map a, located in western Yunnan Province, P. R. China and southern Kachin Province, NE Myanmar (east of Myitkyina city), area with 97.371 7–98.874 2° longitude and 24.586 7–25.837 5° latitude, yields 23 co-occurring species of 13 genera (Tab. 7).

Figures 35–40 in A Key to the Australian Genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Figures 35–40. Oblique dorsal views of mesosoma: (35) Stenodyneriellus bicoloratus (de Saussure); (36) Stenodyneriellus occidentatus (Giordani Soika); (37) Diemodynerus diemensis (de Saussure); (38) Abispa ephippium (Fabricius). Dorsal views of mesosoma: (39) Diemodynerus pseudacarodynerus (Giordani Soika); (40) Pseudabispa paragioides (Meade-Waldo). Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figures 29–34 in A Key to the Australian Genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Figures 29–34. Lateral views of mesosoma: (29) Ectopioglossa polita australensis (Meade-Waldo); (30) Allorhynchium argentatum (Fabricius); (31) Antamenes hostilis Giordani Soika; (32) Leptomenoides mackayensis Giordani Soika; (33) Epsilon laboriosum (Smith); (34) Euodynerus angulatus (de Saussure). Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figures 45–48 in A Key to the Australian Genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Figures 45–48. Dorsal views of head: (45) Pseudalastor cavifemur Giordani Soika; (46) Ectopioglossa polita australensis (Meade-Waldo); (47–48) Parifodynerus alariformis (de Saussure): (47) lateral view of head; (48) dorsal view of head. Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figures 12–18 in A Key to the Australian Genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Figures 12–18. Posterior views of propodeum: (12) Elimus australis de Saussure; (13) Zethus (Ischnocoelia) fulvus (von Schulthess); (14) Pachycoelius sp. Tegula: (15) Phimenes incola (Giordani Soika); (16) Ectopioglossa polita australensis (Meade-Waldo); (17) Rhynchium superbum de Saussure; (18) Parifodynerus alariformis (de Saussure). Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figures 41–44 in A Key to the Australian Genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Figures 41–44. Frontal views of head: (41) Pararrhynchium sp.; (42) Anterhynchium flavolineatum (Smith). Male antennae: (43) Flammodynerus flammiger (de Saussure); (44) Deuterodiscoelius pseudospinosus (Giordani Soika)? Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figures 6–11 in A Key to the Australian Genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Figures 6–11. Lateral views of metasoma: (6) Acarodynerus dietrichianus (de Saussure); (7) Pararrhynchium sp. Dorsal views of male metasomal segments II–VII: (8) Parifodynerus alariformis (de Saussure); (9) Pseudalastor sp. Dorsal views of metasoma: (10) Stenodyneriellus bicoloratus (de Saussure); (11) Eudiscoelius jacinthae (Gribodo). Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figures 1–5 in A Key to the Australian Genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Figures 1–5. Lateral views of mesosoma and metasoma: (1) Australozethus continentalis Giordani Soika; (2) Elimus mackayensis MeadeWaldo; (3) Macrocalymma smithianum Perkins; (4) Abispa ephippium (Fabricius); (5) Diemodynerus pseudacarodynerus Giordani Soika. Scale = 1.0 mm.

Figures 24–28 in A Key to the Australian Genera of Eumeninae (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

Figures 24–28. (24) Dorsal views of head and pronotum, Subancistrocerus monstricornis (Giordani Soika). Male midlegs: (25) Rhynchium superbum de Saussure; (26) Pseudalastor sp. (27–28) Ectopioglossa polita australensis (Meade-Waldo): (27) dorsal view; (28) posterior view of propodeum. Scale = 1.0 mm.