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Data from: Recognizing pulses of extinction from clusters of last occurrences
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Fig. 2 in Conservation status and bio-ecology of Brycon orbignyanus (Characiformes: Bryconidae), an endemic fish species from the Paraná River basin (Brazil) threatened with extinction
Fig. 2. Abundance (captures per unit of effort – CPUE) of Brycon orbignyanus observed in the Upper Paraná River floodplain in different years (1986 to 1988, 1992 to 1994 and 2000 to 2010) and subsystems (Paraná, Baía and Ivinhema).
Fig. 4 in Conservation status and bio-ecology of Brycon orbignyanus (Characiformes: Bryconidae), an endemic fish species from the Paraná River basin (Brazil) threatened with extinction
Fig. 4. Ontogenetic variations in the diet of Brycon orbignyanus in the Upper Paraná River floodplain. FI = fish; AI = aquatic invertebrates; TI = terrestrial invertebrates; TP = terrestrial plants; AP = aquatic plants.
Fig. 1 in Conservation status and bio-ecology of Brycon orbignyanus (Characiformes: Bryconidae), an endemic fish species from the Paraná River basin (Brazil) threatened with extinction
Fig. 1. The locations of reservoirs from which the Brycon orbignyanus occurrence was evaluated and sites sampled throughout the Upper Paraná River floodplain (the Paraná, Baía and Ivinhema River subsystems).
Fig. 3 in Conservation status and bio-ecology of Brycon orbignyanus (Characiformes: Bryconidae), an endemic fish species from the Paraná River basin (Brazil) threatened with extinction
Fig. 3. Relationships between YOY abundance (CPUE) of Brycon orbignyanus and hydrological attributes observed in the Paraná and Ivinhema subsystems. a. Interrupted flood duration (days) (> 4.5 m Paraná River and> 2.75 m Ivinhema River), b. Uninterrupted flood duration (days).
Fig. 4. Mismatch distribution for mitochondrial haplotypes for 92 in Genetic diversity and population structure of Brycon nattereri (Characiformes: Bryconidae): a Neotropical fish under threat of extinction
Fig. 4. Mismatch distribution for mitochondrial haplotypes for 92 individuals of Brycon nattereri from the Laranjinha River.
Fig. 2 in Genetic diversity and population structure of Brycon nattereri (Characiformes: Bryconidae): a Neotropical fish under threat of extinction
Fig. 2. Bayesian analysis results (Structure). a. Values of K obtained based on ΔK. b. Values of K obtained based on mean likelihood Ln (K). c. Graphic representation of K = 2. Each column represents a different individual and the colors denote the probable ancestry coefficient of the individual and each genetic cluster.
Fig. 1 in Genetic diversity and population structure of Brycon nattereri (Characiformes: Bryconidae): a Neotropical fish under threat of extinction
Fig. 1. Brycon nattereri sampling sites along the Laranjinha River (A, B, C and D). Also shown are the sampling sites used in a previous study (D, E, F, G, H, I and J) and the number of individuals of B. nattereri collected at each site (in parentheses). On the South America map, numbers and arrows indicate the Paraná, Tocantins, and São Francisco basins and the asterisks indicate the areas with records of Brycon nattereri (Rosa, Lima, 2008; Viana et al., 2013; Frota et al., 2016).
Figure 7 from: Ernst R, Lautenschläger T, Branquima MF, Hölting M (2020) At the edge of extinction: a first herpetological assessment of the proposed Serra do Pingano Rainforest National Park in Uíge Province, northern Angola. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 237-262. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51997
Figure 7 Pristine and disturbed habitats in the Serra do Pingano Forest Ecosystem (SPFE). a. Intact forest cover in the Serra do Pingano. b. Riparian forest system with waterfall on steep terrain in the Serra do Pingano c. Clearcut after slash-and burn acitivity at higher elevations (upper slope and ridge) of the Serra do Pingano. d. Intentional burning on the northeastern slope of the Serra do Pingano e. Mosaic of previously burnt and still forested patches on northeastern slope of the Serra do Pingano f. Freshly cleared forest patch at transition between the Serra do Pingano and the Serra do Uíge, now used fro plantation agriculture. Locality, in which several amphibian species (e.g. Alexteroon hypsiphonus, Sclerophrys cf. superciliaris) had been recorded for the first time in Angola only 3-4 years prior to the impact. .
Figure 3 from: Ernst R, Lautenschläger T, Branquima MF, Hölting M (2020) At the edge of extinction: a first herpetological assessment of the proposed Serra do Pingano Rainforest National Park in Uíge Province, northern Angola. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 237-262. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51997
Figure 3 Anuran species recorded within the SPFEa. Male Alexteroon hypsiphonus from transition between SP & SUb. female Chiromantis rufescens from SVc. female Xenopus mellotropicalis from transition between SP & SUd. female Amnirana lepus from SPe. male Cardioglossa gracilis from SPf.Sclerophrys cf. superciliaris from SP.
Figure 6 from: Ernst R, Lautenschläger T, Branquima MF, Hölting M (2020) At the edge of extinction: a first herpetological assessment of the proposed Serra do Pingano Rainforest National Park in Uíge Province, northern Angola. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 237-262. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51997
Figure 6 Reptile species recorded within the SPFEa.Hemidactylus paivae ("cave-morph") from calcerous inselberg cave systems of SVb.Hemidactylus paivae ("forest-morph") from forest patch in the same locality in the SVc. Juvenile Gerrhosaurus cf. nigrolineatus from SU. d.Trachylepis maculilabris from UPe.Bitis gabonica from SPf.Grayia ornata from SP.
Figure 5 from: Ernst R, Lautenschläger T, Branquima MF, Hölting M (2020) At the edge of extinction: a first herpetological assessment of the proposed Serra do Pingano Rainforest National Park in Uíge Province, northern Angola. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 237-262. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51997
Figure 5 Different Leptopelis sp. species recorded within the SPFEa.–d. Differently colored and patterned Leptopelis millsoni from the same locality in SPe.Leptopelis sp. 1 from transition between SP & SUf.Leptopelis aubryi from SV.
Figure 4 from: Ernst R, Lautenschläger T, Branquima MF, Hölting M (2020) At the edge of extinction: a first herpetological assessment of the proposed Serra do Pingano Rainforest National Park in Uíge Province, northern Angola. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 237-262. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51997
Figure 4 Anuran species recorded within and outside the SPFEa. Male Phrynobatrachus aff. mayokoensis sp. 1 from the planalto de Mucaba UPb.Arthroleptis carquejai from SVc. male Arthroleptis xenochirus from planalto de Mucaba with elongated middle finger d. female Arthroleptis xenochirus from planalto de Mucaba, found to be associated with ponerine ants e. undescribed Sclerophrys sp. from Quimbunda swamp UPf. male Kassina kuvangensis from moorland in planalto de Mucaba.
Figure 2 from: Ernst R, Lautenschläger T, Branquima MF, Hölting M (2020) At the edge of extinction: a first herpetological assessment of the proposed Serra do Pingano Rainforest National Park in Uíge Province, northern Angola. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 237-262. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51997
Figure 2 Permuted species accumulation curves (species-based rarefaction curve, grey envelop represents SE based confidence intervals) of amphibian species richness for a. Uíge province and b. the SPFE. y-axis: estimated species richness, x-axis: sampling years (1-4: 2013, 2014, 2018, 2019).
Figure 1 from: Ernst R, Lautenschläger T, Branquima MF, Hölting M (2020) At the edge of extinction: a first herpetological assessment of the proposed Serra do Pingano Rainforest National Park in Uíge Province, northern Angola. Zoosystematics and Evolution 96(1): 237-262. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.96.51997
Figure 1 Study area depicting the larger Serra do Pingano Forest Ecosystem (SPFE) with core herpetological survey sites (white rectangle) and sampling localities (blue dots, 50 independent localities). From north to south: SU: Serra do Uíge, SP: Serra do Pingano, SV: Serra Vamba. The inlet left provides a coarse overview on major vegetation formations in Uíge province according to Barbosa 1970. Carta fitogeográfica de Angola. Instituto de Investigação Científica de Angola, Luanda.
Phylogenetic and ecomorphologic diversifications of spiriferinid brachiopods after the end-Permian extinction
<p>The Order Spiriferinida spanning the latest Ordovician to Early Jurassic is a small group of brachiopods overshadowed by other taxa-rich clades during the Paleozoic. It diversified significantly after the end-Permian extinction and became one of the four major clades of Triassic brachiopods. However, the phylogeny and recovery dynamics of this clade during the Triassic still remain unknown. Here, we present a higher-level parsimony-based phylogenetic analysis of Mesozoic spiriferinids to reveal their evolutionary relationships. Ecologically related characters are analyzed to indicate the variances in ecomorphospace occupation and disparity of spiriferinids through the Permian-Triassic transition. For comparison with potential competitors of the spiriferinids, the pre-extinction spiriferids are also included in the analysis. Phylogenetic trees demonstrate that about half of the Mesozoic families appeared during the Anisian, indicating the greatest phylogenetic diversification at that time. Triassic spiriferinids re-occupied a large part of the ecomorphospace released by its competitor spiriferids during the end-Permian extinction; they also fully exploited the cyrtiniform region and developed novel lifestyles. Ecomorphologic disparity of the spiriferinids dropped greatly in the Early Triassic, but it rebounded rapidly and reached the level attained by the pre-extinction spiriferids in the Late Triassic. The replacement in ecomorphospace occupation between spiriferids and spiriferinids during the P-Tr transition clearly indicates that the empty ecomorphospace released by the extinction of Permian spiriferids was one of the important drivers for the diversification of the Triassic spiriferinids. The Spiriferinida took over the empty ecomorphospace and had the opportunity to flourish.</p>
Data and code from: Long-term effects of colonization-extinction dynamics of generalist versus specialist wodd-decaying fungi
<p>Data and scripts required to fit colonization-extinction models and to run simulations presented in Moor et al. 2020 J Ecol.</p> <p>Scripts use RData files; data is also available i CSV file format.</p>
Figures 10- 11 from: Roháček J (2020) Protanthomyza grimaldii sp. nov., a further member of the extinct subfamily Protanthomyzinae (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) from Baltic amber. ZooKeys 973: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.973.51435
Figures 10- 11 Protanthomyza grimaldii sp. nov., female paratype (Baltic amber) 10 entire specimen, subdorsal view 11 ditto, lateroventral view. Body length ca 2.9 mm. Photographs by J. Roháček (adapted from Roháček 2013a, fig. 7E, F).
Figures 12-14 from: Roháček J (2020) Protanthomyza grimaldii sp. nov., a further member of the extinct subfamily Protanthomyzinae (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) from Baltic amber. ZooKeys 973: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.973.51435
Figures 12-14 Protanthomyza grimaldii sp. nov., female paratype (Baltic amber) 12 left wing (invisible parts omitted) 13 abdomen, right lateroventral view 14 right f2, t2 and mid basitarsus, anterior view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (12), 0.3 mm (13, 14). For abbreviations see p. 4.
Figure 4 from: Roháček J (2020) Protanthomyza grimaldii sp. nov., a further member of the extinct subfamily Protanthomyzinae (Diptera, Anthomyzidae) from Baltic amber. ZooKeys 973: 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.973.51435
Figure 4 Protanthomyza grimaldii sp. nov., holotype male (Baltic amber). Head and thorax, left laterodorsal view. Scale bar: 0.3 mm. For abbreviations see p. 4.
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