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Fig. 12 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 12. Ventral view of forearm muscles of Parascalops.

Fig. 15 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 15. Lateral view of pelvic limb muscles of Parascalops, superficial muscles removed.

Fig. 11 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 11. Dorsal view of forearm muscles of Parascalops. A, Superficial muscles; B, deeper muscles.

Fig. 7 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 7. Lateral view of neck muscles of Parascalops.

Fig. 19 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 19. Intrinsic muscles of the pes of Neurotrichus.

Fig. 4 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 4. Lateral view of facial muscles of Parascalops, M. sphincter colli superficialis removed.

Fig. 14 in Comparative Myology of Moles and the Phylogeny of the Talpidae (Mammalia, Lipotyphla)

Fig. 14. Lateral view of pelvic limb muscles of Parascalops.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Dataset for "Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Models to Forecast Flaring Capability of Solar Active Regions: A Parameter Based Approach"

This CSV file contains the values of 14 selected magnetic features along with the active region class for all the regions used in our study. As discussed in the paper, these 14 magnetic features characterize the properties of active regions. All these magnetic features are obtained from the HMI SHARP data series which provides open-sourced vector magnetic field information of solar active regions. the column named 'AR_class' carries information about the class of active regions i.e., 1 for flaring regions and 0 for non-flaring regions.

opencc-zeroSep 2021View details →

Compiled comparative data and the R code from: "Why do some primate mothers carry their infant's corpse? A cross-species comparative study"

Non-human primates respond to the death of a conspecific in diverse ways, some of which may present phylogenetic continuity with human thanatological responses. Of these responses, infant corpse carrying by mothers (ICC) is the most frequently reported. Despite its prevalence, quantitative analyses of this behaviour are scarce and inconclusive. We compiled a database of 409 published cases across 50 different primate species of mothers' responses to their infants' deaths and used Bayesian phylogenetic regressions with an information-theoretic approach to test hypotheses proposed to explain between- and within-species variation in ICC. We found that ICC was more likely when the infant's death was non-traumatic (e.g. illness) versus traumatic (e.g. infanticide), and when the mother was younger. These results support the death detection hypothesis, which proposes that ICC occurs when there are fewer contextual or sensory cues indicating death. Such an interpretation suggests that primates are able to attain an awareness of death. In addition, when carried, infant age affected ICC duration, with longer ICC observed for younger infants. This result suggests that ICC is a by-product of strong selection on maternal behaviour. The findings are discussed in the context of the evolution of emotion, and implications for evolutionary thanatology are proposed.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Supplementary tables for "Comparative inbreeding analyses in cattle"

Supplementary Tables for the manuscript "Comparative analysis of inbreeding parameters and runs of homozygosity islands in two Italian autochthonous cattle breeds mainly raised in the Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese production region"

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Life-Cycle Inventory (LCI) For the comparative Life-Cycle Assessment of a restoration and renovation of a traditional Danish farmer house

This document provides the Life-Cycle Inventory of the study comparing the environmental performance of the restoration (Scenario 1, also mentioned as "S1") or renovation (Scenario 2, "S2") of a traditional Danish farmer house. The LCI is used as input for the life-cycle impact assessment phase in the LCA where the inputs and outputs of elementary flows in the LCI are characterized as potential impacts on the environment. The LCI is based on primary data from the "Apprentices' House" combined with secondary data from materials specific environmental product declaration and the large LCI database ecoinvent v3.   The file contains several spreadsheets organized as follows: Thicknesses,S1 - Reports the materials and their corresponding thicknesses used for walls, ceilings, floors and insulation in S1 Thicknesses, S1b - Reports the materials and their corresponding thicknesses used for walls, ceilings, floors and insulation in S1b Thicknesses, S1c - Reports the materials and their corresponding thicknesses used for walls, ceilings, floors and insulation in S1c Thicknesses, S2 - Reports the materials and their corresponding thicknesses used for walls, ceilings, floors and insulation in S2 Surfaces - Reports the area of all surfaces of the house (walls, ceilings, floors) for all scenarios.  Bill of materials - Sums up the list and quantity of all the materials used in all scenarios, providing details as to the quantity kept from the actual house, as well as the new input and output of materials during the restoration/renovation Heat loss, S1 - Provides details for the calculation of heat loss through the building envelope of the house in Scenario 1 Heat loss, S1b - Provides details for the calculation of heat loss through the building envelope of the house in Scenario 1b Heat loss, S1c - Provides details for the calculation of heat loss through the building envelope of the house in Scenario 1c Heat loss, S2 - Provides details for the calculation of heat loss through the building envelope of the house in Scenario 2 Parameters - Describes the main parameters used in the LCI and their corresponding uncertainty LCI Materials - Provides the full breakdown of the processes created and used for the LCI modelling on OpenLCA LCI Building - Provides the full breakdown of the processes created and used for the LCI modelling on OpenLCA

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Risk of bias in observational studies using routinely collected data of comparative effectiveness research: a meta-research study

We performed a meta-research study by searching PubMed for comparative effectiveness observational studies evaluating therapeutic interventions using routinely collected data published in high impact factor journals from 01/06/2018 to 30/06/2020. We assessed the reporting of study design (i.e., eligibility, treatment assignment, and the start of follow-up). Risk of selection bias and immortal time bias was determined by assessing if the time of eligibility, treatment assignment and the start of follow-up were synchronised to mimic the randomisation following the target trial emulation framework.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Analyzing disparity and rates of morphological evolution with model-based phylogenetic comparative methods

Understanding variation in rates of evolution and morphological disparity is a goal of macroevolutionary research. In a phylogenetic comparative methods framework, we present three explicit models for linking the rate of evolution of a trait to the state of another evolving trait. This allows testing hypotheses about causal influences on rates of phenotypic evolution with phylogenetic comparative data. We develop a statistical framework for fitting the models with generalized least-squares regression, and use this to discuss issues and limitations in the study of rates of evolution more generally. We show that the power to detect effects on rates of evolution is low in that even strong causal effects are unlikely to explain more than a few percent of observed variance in disparity. We illustrate the models and issues by testing if rates of beak-shape evolution in birds are influenced by brain size, as may be predicted from a Baldwin effect in which presumptively more behaviorally flexible large-brained species generate more novel selection on themselves leading to higher rates of evolution. From an analysis of morphometric data for 645 species we find evidence that both macro- and microevolution of the beak are faster in birds with larger brains, but with the caveat that there are no consistent effects of relative brain size.

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Comparing the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector families and South Korean families

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of children and adolescents from North Korean defector (NKD) families who are currently living in South Korea (SK) and compared with the status of those from SK families. Design: A cross-sectional study comparing the prevalence of malnutrition, overweight, and obesity between children and adolescents from NKD families and SK families. Setting: Children and adolescents from NKD families were interviewed face-to-face directly, whereas the data about those from SK families acquired by using 2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES). Their nutritional status were estimated using the 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents Participants: The total number of children and adolescents was 2,136 consisting of 527 subjects from the NKD families and 1,609 subjects from the SK families. Results: The overall prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight, overweight, and obesity in NKD group was 8.9%, 10.2%, 10.4%, 11.2%, and 12.2% respectively, and 1.9%, 7.1%, 5.9%, 9.2%, and 9.3%, respectively, in SK families. The NKD group showed significantly higher prevalence than SK group in stunting(p<0.001), wasting(p=0.014), underweight(p<0.001), obesity(p=0.041) but not in overweight. Conclusions: The nutritional status of children and adolescents form NKD families was worse than that of those from SK families, and also higher prevalence of obesity.

openodc-pddlJun 2021View details →

Dataset of Bnet values of 23 radiation damage series analysed in "Quantifying and comparing radiation damage in the Protein Data Bank"

Dataset of Bnet values, plus associated metadata (resolution, Rwork, Rfree, temperature, etc.), for 23 radiation damage series deposited in the PDB that are analysed in the publication "Quantifying and comparing radiation damage in the Protein Data Bank"

openodc-pddlJun 2021View details →

Dataset of Bnet values of 93,978 PDB-REDO structures analysed in "Quantifying and comparing radiation damage in the Protein Data Bank"

Dataset of Bnet values, plus associated metadata (resolution, Rwork, Rfree, temperature, etc.), for 93,978 PDB-REDO structures analysed in the publication "Quantifying and comparing radiation damage in the Protein Data Bank"

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2021View details →

Replication Package for: Patience and Comparative Development

This file contains the replication material for "Patience and Comparative Development" (forthcoming in Review of Economic Studies).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Comparative Accuracies of Models for Drag Prediction During Geomagnetically Disturbed Periods: A First Principles Model versus Empirical Models

This dataset contains observational and TIEGCM simulation data used for a manuscript that is being submitted to the Space Weather journal. The abstract for the study follows: We examine the accuracy of density prediction by the first principals model Thermosphere Ionsosphere Electrodynamics General Circulation Model (TIEGCM) developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research and compare it to the accuracy of three empirical models: Jacchia 71, the Naval Research Laboratory Mass Spectrometer Incoherent Scatter Extended 2000 (NRLMSIS), Jacchia 1971 and Jacchia-Bowman 2008. Comparisons are made for three large storms: the October 2003 storm, the March 2013 storm, and the March 2015 storm. To evaluate the accuracy of these models we use tracking data for nine space objects in low earth orbit (three for each storm). Additionally, and evaluate the accuracy of the TIEGCM and NRLMSIS with data from high precision accelerometers on the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Gravity field and Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellites. The goal is to assess the use of a first principles model as a potential tool for forecasting satellite drag during large magnetic storms. We find that the TIEGCM accuracy is substantially better than for the Jacchia 71 and NRLMSIS models. The accuracies of the TIEGCM and JB2008 models are similar, but overall the TIEGCM is more accurate. We found smaller mean percentage differences for TIEGCM versus CHAMP than for NRLMIS for the Halloween Storm and smaller differences than results published for JB2008 and the assimilative model HASDM. The empirical models are at present more practical for operational purposes, but the first principles TIEGCM was developed as a research model and with a greater focus on operational use offers the potential for improved utility during stressing conditions.

opencc-zeroOct 2022View details →

Anguimorpha as a model group for studying the comparative heart morphology among Lepidosauria: Evolutionary window on the ventricular septation

The group Anguimorpha represents one of the most unified squamate clades in terms of body plan, ecomorphology, ecophysiology and evolution. On the other hand, the anguimorphs vary between different habitats and ecological niches. Therefore, we focused on the group Anguimorpha to test a possible correlation between heart morphology and ecological niche with respect to phylogenetic position in Squamata with Sphenodon, Salvator, and Pogona as the outgroups. The chosen lepidosaurian species were investigated by microCT. Generally, all lepidosaurs had two well-developed atria with complete interatrial septum and one ventricle divided by ventricular septa to three different areas. The ventricles of all lepidosaurians had a compact layer and abundant trabeculae. The compact layer and trabeculae were developed in accordance with the particular ecological niche of the species; the trabeculae in nocturnal animals with low metabolism, such as Sphenodon, Heloderma or Lanthanotus, were more massive. On the other hand, athletic animals, such as varanids or Salvator, had ventricle compartmentalization divided by three incomplete septa. A difference between varanids and Salvator was found in compact layer thickness: thicker in monitor lizards and possibly linked to their mammalian-like high blood pressure, and the level of ventricular septation. In summary: heart morphology varied among clades in connection with the ecological niche of particular species and it reflects the phylogenetic position in the model clade Anguimorpha. In the absence of fossil evidence, this is the closest approach to understanding heart evolution and septation in clades with different cardiac compartmentalization levels.