Find research datasets worth reusing

Figs 6–8 in Pre-testical spermathecal pores and unusual setal arrangement in the South African endemic microchaetid earthworms of presumed Gondwanan origin (Oligochaeta: Microchaetidae)

Figs 6–8. Habitus and enlarged clitellar area of Proandricus species: (6) P. adami, (7) P. amphius, (8) P. oresbiosus. Scale bars = 1 cm.

Fig. 6 in A remarkably small species of Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), endemic to the Succulent Karoo of South Africa

Fig. 6. Metasoma and telson, (A, B) dorsal, (C, D) lateral and (E, F) ventral aspects of Uroplectes ansiedippenaarae sp. n., Loeriesfontein, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. A, C, E – Paratype ♂ (AMNH); B, D, F – Paratype ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in A remarkably small species of Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), endemic to the Succulent Karoo of South Africa

Fig. 5. Dextral pedipalp segments of Uroplectes ansiedippenaarae sp. n., (A–G) holotype ♂ (AMNH) and (H) paratype ♀ (AMNH), Loeriesfontein, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. (A) Femur, dorsal aspect. (B–D) Patella, (B) dorsal, (C) retrolateral and (D) ventral aspects. (E–H) Chela, (E) dorsal, (F, H) retrolateral and (G) ventral aspects. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 4 in A remarkably small species of Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), endemic to the Succulent Karoo of South Africa

Fig. 4. Habitus, (A, C) dorsal aspect and (B, D) ventral aspect of Uroplectes ansiedippenaarae sp. n., Loeriesfontein, Northern Cape Province, South Africa.A, B – Holotype ♂ (AMNH); C, D – Paratype ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 5 mm.

Fig. 3 in A remarkably small species of Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), endemic to the Succulent Karoo of South Africa

Fig. 3. Carapace, (A, B) dorsal aspect, (C, D) sternum, genital opercula and pectines, ventral aspect of Uroplectes ansiedippenaarae sp. n., Loeriesfontein, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. A, C – Holotype ♂ (AMNH); B, D – Paratype ♀ (AMNH). Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 2 in A remarkably small species of Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), endemic to the Succulent Karoo of South Africa

Fig. 2. (A, B) Succulent Karoo habitat and (C–E) live habitus of Uroplectes ansiedippenaarae sp. n. and (F) Uroplectes variegatus (C.L. Koch, 1844). (A) Northern Knersvlakte Vygieveld at Ezelkopvlakte, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. (B) Hantam Karoo at Loeriesfontein, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. (C) U. ansiedippenaarae sp. n., ♂, Glen Lyon, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Scale bar, 3 mm. (D) U. ansiedippenaarae sp. n., ♂, Loeriesfontein. (E) U. ansiedippenaarae sp. n., ♂, Langkloof, Northern Cape Province, South Africa. (F) U. variegatus, Koeberg, Western Cape Province, South Africa. Photographs courtesy J. Huff (A, B, D), C. Willis (C) and I. Engelbrecht (E, F).

Fig. 1 in A remarkably small species of Uroplectes Peters, 1861 (Scorpiones: Buthidae), endemic to the Succulent Karoo of South Africa

Fig. 1. The known distribution of Uroplectes ansiedippenaarae sp. n. in the Northern Cape and Western Cape provinces of South Africa. Black squares indicate known locality records; white star on black square indicates type locality.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2004View details →

Figs 6–11 in Four new narrow-range endemic species of Gulella from Eastern Cape, South Africa (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)

Figs 6–11. Gulella dejae sp. n., holotype. 6, 7, apertural and lateral views of shell, length = 2.8 mm; 8, enlarged view of the aperture, bar = 0.3 mm; 9, umbilical region, bar = 0.3 mm; 10, detail of sculpture (start of last whorl), bar = 50 µm; 11, microsculpture on embryonic shell, bar = 40 µm.

Figs 15–17 in Vendaphaea, a new dark sac spider genus apparently endemic to the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa (Araneae: Corinnidae)

Figs 15–17. Scanning electron micrographs of V. lajuma sp. n. ^spinnerets: (15) ALS, (16) PMS, (17) PLS. Abbreviations: Ac – aciniform gland spigot, Cy – cylindrical gland spigot, miAMP – minor ampullate gland spigot, Pi – piriform gland spigot.

Figs 22–27 in Vendaphaea, a new dark sac spider genus apparently endemic to the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa (Araneae: Corinnidae)

Figs 22–27. Vendaphaea lajuma sp. n., male (22–25) and female (26, 27) genitalia: (22) left palp, prolateral view; (23) same, ventral view; (24) same, retrolateral view; (25) same, dorsal view; (26) epigyne, ventral view; (27) same, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0.25 mm.

Figs 18–21 in Vendaphaea, a new dark sac spider genus apparently endemic to the Soutpansberg Mountains, South Africa (Araneae: Corinnidae)

Figs 18–21. Scanning electron micrographs of Vendaphaea lajuma sp. n. genitalia: (18) male palp, dorsal view; (19) cymbial setae, enlarged; (20) male palpal tegulum, ventral view; (21) female epigyne, ventral view. Abbreviations: CD – conductor, CO – copulatory opening, CS – clavate cymbial setae, DL – dorsal lobe of palpal tibia, DSM – dorsal setal mat, EM – embolus, EP – epigynal plug, MA – median apophysis, MS – median septum, PCR – proximal cymbial ridge, SS – setal mat setae, TA – tibial apophysis.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2004View details →

Figs 1–5 in Four new narrow-range endemic species of Gulella from Eastern Cape, South Africa (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)

Figs 1–5. Gulella hamerae sp. n., holotype. 1, 2, apertural and lateral views of shell, length = 2.7 mm; 3, oblique view into aperture, bar = 0.25 mm; 4, detail of sculpture (start of last whorl), bar = 100 µm; 5, microsculpture on embryonic shell, bar = 100 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2004View details →

Figs 18–23 in Four new narrow-range endemic species of Gulella from Eastern Cape, South Africa (Mollusca: Pulmonata: Streptaxidae)

Figs 18–23. Gulella newmani sp. n., holotype. 18, 19, apertural and lateral views of shell, length = 3.68 mm; 20, enlarged view of the aperture, bar = 0.5 mm; 21, umbilical region, bar = 0.25 mm; 22, detail of sculpture (first quarter of last whorl, bar = 75µm; 23, microsculpture on embryonic shell, partly eroded, bar = 30µm.

dryad40/100

Patterns of species richness and turnover in endemic amphibians of the Guineo-Congolian rainforest

Aim: The African Guineo-Congolian (GC) region is a global biodiversity hotspot with high species endemism, bioclimatic heterogeneity, complex landscape features, and multiple biogeographic barriers. Bioclimatic and geographic variables influence global patterns of species richness and endemism, but their relative importance varies across taxa and regions and is poorly understood for many faunas. We characterized patterns of richness and turnover in endemic amphibians of the GC biodiversity hotspot and evaluated the relative roles of geographic distance and bioclimatic variables in predicting turnover. Location: West and Central Africa. Major taxa studied: Amphibians Methods: We compiled species-occurrence records via field sampling, online databases, and taxonomic literature. Our study used 1205 unique georeferenced records of 222 amphibian species endemic to the GC region. Patterns of species richness were mapped onto a grid with a spatial resolution of 0.5° × 0.5°. We estimated weighted endemism and tested whether endemism was higher than the expected species richness (randomization test). We quantified species turnover using generalized dissimilarity modelling to evaluate the processes underlying observed patterns of species richness in GC endemic amphibians. We explored bioregionalization using agglomerative hierarchical clustering based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic averages. Results: We identified six areas within the lower GC region – forests in Southern Nigeria, Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Republic of Congo, and Democratic Republic of Congo – as having high species richness of endemic amphibians. The randomization test returned four major areas of significant weighted endemism: Nigeria-Cameroon mountains, forest regions of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Cote d'Ivoire, and Ghana. Our analysis revealed five bioregions for amphibian endemism, four of which were located within the lower Guineo-Congolian forest. Species turnover was strongly related to the geographic distance between grid cells; contributing bioclimatic variables included precipitation of the warmest quarter, mean temperature of the wettest quarter, and mean diurnal temperature range. Main conclusions: Our results indicate that geographic distance between grid cells is the primary determinant of turnover in GC endemic amphibians, with secondary but significant effects of rainfall- and temperature-related variables. Our results identify key areas of endemic amphibian richness that could be prioritized for conservation actions.

opencc-zeroMay 2023View details →

FIGURE 8. Labeo manasseeae, n in Description of two new Labeo (Labeoninae; Cyprinidae) endemic to the Lulua River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai ecoregion); a hotspot of fish diversity in the Congo basin

FIGURE 8. Labeo manasseeae, n. sp. Holotype (AMNH 269110): CT scan renderings of A. posterior neurocranium, Weberian apparatus and proximal axial elements; B. isolated urohyal bone; and C. infraorbital series. Scale bars = 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. Labeo mbimbii, n in Description of two new Labeo (Labeoninae; Cyprinidae) endemic to the Lulua River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai ecoregion); a hotspot of fish diversity in the Congo basin

FIGURE 6. Labeo mbimbii, n. sp. Holotype (AMNH 277862): CT scan renderings of A. posterior neurocranium, Weberian apparatus and proximal axial elements; B. isolated urohyal bone; and C. infraorbital series. Scale bars = 1 mm

FIGURE 5. Labeo mbimbii, n in Description of two new Labeo (Labeoninae; Cyprinidae) endemic to the Lulua River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai ecoregion); a hotspot of fish diversity in the Congo basin

FIGURE 5. Labeo mbimbii, n. sp. Holotype (AMNH 277862, AMCC 249232) in A. lateral view, immediately postmortem; B. in preservation, lateral view; C. ventral view; and D. dorsal view. Scale bar = 1 cm.

FIGURE 2 in Description of two new Labeo (Labeoninae; Cyprinidae) endemic to the Lulua River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai ecoregion); a hotspot of fish diversity in the Congo basin

FIGURE 2. Homologous landmarks used in geometric morphometric analyses (following Armbruster, 2012): A. lateral and B. ventral views.

FIGURE 1. A in Description of two new Labeo (Labeoninae; Cyprinidae) endemic to the Lulua River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai ecoregion); a hotspot of fish diversity in the Congo basin

FIGURE 1. A. Longitudinal profile of the Lulua River indicating subdivision into three sections based on channel slope gradient (after Mbimbi et al., 2021). B. Lulua River basin showing collection localities of the two new species (arrows indicate type localities). C. Location of the Congo basin, Kasai, Lulua, and adjacent ecoregions.

FIGURE 4. A in Description of two new Labeo (Labeoninae; Cyprinidae) endemic to the Lulua River in the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kasai ecoregion); a hotspot of fish diversity in the Congo basin

FIGURE 4. A. Scatterplot of PC2 against PC1 (PCA of 13 meristic counts for 120 specimens representative of 9 species). B. Scatterplot of PC2 against PC1 (PCA of 12 meristic counts for 44 specimens representative of the five species overlapping with L. manasseeae in A). C. Scatterplot of PC2 against PC1 (log-transformed matrix, 12 morphometric measurements, for 114 specimens representative of 8 species).