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12,455 results for “Promoters”
Data from: Plant–soil feedbacks promote negative frequency dependence in the coexistence of two aridland grasses
Understanding the mechanisms of species coexistence is key to predicting patterns of species diversity. Historically, the ecological paradigm has been that species coexist by partitioning resources: as a species increases in abundance, self-limitation kicks in, because species-specific resources decline. However, determining coexistence mechanisms has been a particular puzzle for sedentary organisms with high overlap in their resource requirements, such as plants. Recent evidence suggests that plant-associated microbes could generate the stabilizing self-limitation (negative frequency dependence) that is required for species coexistence. Here, we test the key assumption that plant–microbe feedbacks cause such self-limitation. We used competition experiments and modelling to evaluate how two common groups of soil microbes (rhizospheric microbes and biological soil crusts) influenced the self-limitation of two competing desert grass species. Negative feedbacks between the dominant plant competitor and its rhizospheric microbes magnified self-limitation, whereas beneficial interactions between both plant species and biological soil crusts partly counteracted this stabilizing effect. Plant–microbe interactions have received relatively little attention as drivers of vegetation dynamics in dry land ecosystems. Our results suggest that microbial mechanisms can contribute to patterns of plant coexistence in arid grasslands.
Data from: Landscape complexity promotes hoverflies across different types of semi-natural habitats in farmland
1. Semi-natural habitats (SNH) provide essential resources for many organisms in agricultural landscapes and can increase biodiversity at the local and landscape scale. For the management of ecosystem services, it is crucial to understand how local characteristics of SNH and the surrounding landscape complexity affect beneficial species. 2. We investigated this for hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), an important functional group providing both pest control and pollination services, in a total of 138 SNH in 35 agricultural landscapes in Switzerland and Germany. SNH differed in type (woody, herbaceous), shape (areal, linear) and availability of food resources (floral resources and aphids). They were located along a gradient of landscape complexity (1-75 % SNH in a 1 km radius). 3. In total 9,030 hoverflies belonging to 89 species were collected. In both countries, hoverfly community composition was mainly driven by SNH type and SNH shape, and in Switzerland additionally by landscape complexity. Species richness of hoverflies increased with increasing amounts of SNH at the landscape scale. However, the ubiquitous and dominant aphidophagous species Episyrphus balteatus was indifferent to landscape composition. 4. Species richness of total and aphidophagous hoverflies was higher in woody than herbaceous SNH. Hoverfly species richness was similar in linear and areal SNH, but non-aphidophagous hoverflies were more vulnerable to landscape simplification in linear than areal SNH. Effects of the SNH type partly differed between the two countries: In Germany, the dominant aphidophagous species E. balteatus preferred woody over herbaceous SNH, while no such difference was found in Switzerland. 5. Surprisingly, local richness and abundance of floral resources were poor predictors for hoverfly abundance, richness or community composition. 6. Synthesis and applications: Large-scale conservation and restoration of complex agricultural landscapes with a high proportion of different SNH types is key for the conservation of hoverfly diversity, and thus likely promote pest control and pollination services provided by them. Local improvement of SNH to promote hoverflies has to consider regional differences in habitat characteristics.07-Dec-2017
FIGURE 1 in Triskelionia, a new African genus of the Celaenorrhinini (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) and the promotion of T. compacta to species-status.
FIGURE 1. The male genitalia of Triskelionia tricerata (left) and T. compacta (right).
The Eyes Absent family members EYA4 and EYA1 promote PLK1 activation and successful mitosis through tyrosine dephosphorylation
<p>Molecular dynamics simulation input files, initial and final coordinate files</p>
FIGURE 4 in Does polyxenous symbiosis promote sympatric divergence? A morphometric and phylogeographic approach based on Oxydromus okupa (Annelida, Polychaeta, Hesionidae)
FIGURE 4 Scatterplots for individual scores and centroids of the discriminant functions obtained in each pairwise comparison (i.e., CS/CH, CI/CH and CI/CS) by the discriminant analyses realized on the two data sets: size-independent data and character proportions. CI: Cádiz Intertidal (Scrobicularia plana); CS: Cádiz Subtidal (Macomopsis pellucida); CH: Chipiona intertidal (M. pellucida).
FIGURE 7 in Does polyxenous symbiosis promote sympatric divergence? A morphometric and phylogeographic approach based on Oxydromus okupa (Annelida, Polychaeta, Hesionidae)
FIGURE 7 Mismatch distributions for populations of Oxydromus okupa for 16S data. The x-axis represents the number of pairwise differences among sequences; the y-axis shows the frequency of the pairwise comparisons. A, graph for the whole metapopulation. B, Graph for CH. C, Graph for CI. CI: Cádiz Intertidal (Scrobicularia plana); CH: Chipiona intertidal (Macomopsis pellucida).
THE SCIENTIFIC AND CREATIVE ROLE OF THE PEOPLE'S ARTIST OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN, PROFESSOR SULTANALI MANNOPOV IN THE PROMOTION OF THE UZBEK NATIONAL MUSICAL ART.
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XR4Human 1st Promotional Video
<p>The first XR4Human video delivers all the essential details you need to know about our project. In addition, it describes the project rationale, the project's contribution to the European XR Community and it's key outputs.</p> <p>Enjoy it and stay tuned!</p>
Dataset of Tweets for the paper: "Hashtag activism on Twitter: The effects of who, what, when and how a tweet is sent for promoting citizens' engagement with climate change"
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Rapid and widespread expansion of invasive Alternanthera philoxeroides promoted by its high and stable nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium homeostasis
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raw data - circNR3C2 promote chondrogenic differentiation and cartilage repair of human adipose-derived stem cells via hsa-miR-647/SOX9 pathway
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Luminal STIM1 Mutants that Cause Tubular Aggregate Myopathy Promote Autophagic Processes
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Data for: Plasmids do not consistently stabilize cooperation across bacteria, but may promote broad pathogen host-range
<p>Horizontal gene transfer via plasmids could favour cooperation in bacteria, because transfer of a cooperative gene turns non-cooperative cheats into cooperators. This hypothesis has received support from theoretical, genomic and experimental analyses. In contrast, we show here, with a comparative analysis across 51 diverse species, that genes for extracellular proteins, which are likely to act as cooperative 'public goods', were not more likely to be carried on either: (i) plasmids compared to chromosomes; or (ii) plasmids that transfer at higher rates. Our results were supported by theoretical modelling which showed that while horizontal gene transfer can help cooperative genes initially invade a population, it has less influence on the longer-term maintenance of cooperation. Instead, we found that genes for extracellular proteins were more likely to be on plasmids when they coded for pathogenic virulence traits, in pathogenic bacteria with a broad host-range.</p>
Data from: Orientation of mouse H19 ICR affects imprinted H19 gene expression through promoter methylation–dependent and –independent mechanisms
<p>The mouse <em>Igf2/H19</em> locus is regulated by genomic imprinting, in which the paternally methylated <em>H19</em> imprinting control region (ICR) plays a critical role in mono-allelic expression of the genes in the locus. Although the maternal allele–specific insulator activity of the <em>H19</em> ICR in regulating imprinted <em>Igf2</em> expression has been well established, the detailed mechanism by which the <em>H19</em> ICR controls mono-allelic <em>H19</em> gene expression has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we evaluated the effect of <em>H19</em> ICR orientation on imprinting regulation in mutant mice in which the <em>H19</em> ICR sequence was inverted at the endogenous locus. When the inverted-ICR allele was paternally inherited, the methylation level of the <em>H19</em> promoter was decreased and the <em>H19</em> gene was derepressed, suggesting that methylation of the <em>H19</em> promoter is essential for complete repression of <em>H19</em> gene expression. Unexpectedly, when the inverted allele was maternally inherited, the expression level of the <em>H19</em> gene was lower than that of the WT allele, even though the <em>H19</em> promoter remained fully hypomethylated. These observations suggested that the polarity of the <em>H19</em> ICR is involved in controlling imprinted <em>H19</em> gene expression on each parental allele, dependent or independent on DNA methylation of the <em>H19</em> promoter.</p>
Clinical benefits of sex steroids given as a priming prior to GH provocative test or as a growth-promoting therapy in peripubertal growth delays: Results of a retrospective study among ENDO-ERN centres
<p>Objectives: Sex steroids, administered as a priming before GH stimulation tests<br> (GHST) to differentiate between growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and constitutional<br> delay of growth and puberty (CDGP) or as growth-promoting therapy using<br> low-dose sex steroids (LDSS) in CDGP, are much debated. We aimed to compare auxological<br> outcomes of CDGP or GHD children undergoing primed or unprimed GHST<br> and to evaluate LDSS treatment in CDGP.<br> Design: Retrospective study among three paediatric University Hospitals in Italy and<br> UK.<br> Methods: 184 children (72 females) aged 12.4 ± 2.08 years underwent primed (/P+)<br> or unprimed (/P−) GHST and were followed up until final height (FH). CDGP patients<br> were untreated (CDG P−) or received LDSS (CDGP+). The cohort included 34 CDG<br> P−/P+, 12 CDGP+/P+, 51 GHD/P+, 29 CDG P−/P−, 2 CDGP+/P− and 56 GHD/P−. FH<br> standard deviation score (SDS), Δ SDS FH-target height (TH) and degree of success<br> (−1 ≤ Δ SDS FH-SDS TH ≤ +1) were outcomes of interest.<br> Results: GHD/P+ had better FH-SDS (−0.87 vs −1.49; P = .023) and ΔSDS FH-TH<br> (−0.35 vs −0.77; P = .002) than CDGP−/P+. Overall, GHD/P+ showed the highest degree<br> of success (90%, P = .006). Regardless of priming, both rhGH and LDSS improved<br> degree of success compared to no treatment (89% and 86% vs 63%, P = .0009).<br> GHD/P+ showed a trend towards a higher proportion of permanent GHD compared<br> to GHD/P- (30.43% vs 15.09%; P = .067).<br> Conclusion: In peripubertal children, priming before GHST improves diagnostic accuracy<br> of GHST for idiopathic GHD. LDSS treatment improves auxological outcomes<br> in CDGP</p>
River network rearrangements promote speciation in lowland Amazonian birds
<p>Large Amazonian rivers impede dispersal for many species, but lowland river networks frequently rearrange, thereby altering the location and effectiveness of river-barriers through time. These rearrangements may promote biotic diversification by facilitating episodic allopatry and secondary contact among populations. We sequenced genome-wide markers to evaluate histories of divergence and introgression in six Amazonian avian species-complexes. We first tested the assumption that rivers are barriers for these taxa and found that even relatively small rivers facilitate divergence. We then tested whether species diverged with gene flow and recovered reticulate histories for all species, including one potential case of hybrid speciation. Our results support the hypothesis that river dynamics promote speciation and reveal that many rainforest taxa are micro-endemic, unrecognized and thus threatened with imminent extinction. We propose that Amazonian hyper-diversity originates in part from fine-scale barrier displacement processes –including river dynamics– which allow small populations to differentiate and disperse into secondary contact.</p>
Synergistic phase separation of two pathways promotes integrin clustering and nascent adhesion formation
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Integrin adhesion complexes (IACs) are integrin-based plasma membrane-associated compartments where cells sense environmental cues. The physical mechanisms and molecular interactions that mediate initial IAC formation are unclear. We found that both p130Cas ("Cas") and Focal adhesion kinase ("FAK") undergo liquid-liquid phase separation <i>in vitro</i>under physiologic conditions. Cas- and FAK- driven phase separation is sufficient to reconstitute kindlin-dependent integrin clustering <i>in vitro </i>with recombinant mammalian proteins. <i>In vitro</i> condensates and IACs in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit similar sensitivities to environmental perturbations including changes in temperature and pH. Furthermore, mutations that inhibit or enhance phase separation <i>in vitro</i> reduce or increase the number of IACs in MEFs, respectively. Finally, we find that the Cas and FAK pathways act synergistically to promote phase separation, integrin clustering, IAC formation and partitioning of key components <i>in vitro</i> and in cells. We propose that Cas- and FAK- driven phase separation provides an intracellular trigger for integrin clustering and nascent IAC formation.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Extensive pollinator sharing does not promote character displacement in two orchid congeners
<p>Pollinator sharing between close relatives can be costly, which can promote pollination niche partitioning and floral divergence. This should be reflected by a higher species divergence in sympatry than in allopatry.</p> <p>We tested this hypothesis in two orchid congeners with overlapping distributions and flowering times. We characterized floral traits and pollination niches and quantified pollen limitation in 15 pure and mixed populations, and we measured phenotypic selection on floral traits and performed controlled crosses in one mixed site.</p> <p>Most floral traits differed between species, yet pollinator sharing was extensive. Only the timing of scent emission diverged more in mixed than in pure sites, and this was not mirrored by the timing of pollinator visitation. We did not detect divergent selection on floral traits. Seed production was pollen limited in most populations, but not more severely in mixed than in pure sites. Interspecific crosses produced the same or a higher proportion of viable seeds than intraspecific ones.</p> <p>The two orchid species attract the same pollinator species despite showing divergent floral traits. Yet, this does not promote character displacement, implying a low cost of pollinator sharing. Our results highlight the importance of characterizing both traits and ecological niches in character displacement studies.</p>
Exposure to lysed bacteria can promote or inhibit growth of neighboring live bacteria depending on local abiotic conditions
Abstract Microbial death is extremely common in nature, yet the ecological role of dead bacteria is unclear. Dead cells are assumed to provide nutrients to surrounding microbes, but may also affect them in other ways. We found that adding lysate prepared from dead bacteria to cultures of Escherichia coli in nutrient-rich conditions suppressed their final population density. This is in stark contrast with the notion that the primary role of dead cells is nutritional, although we also observed this type of effect when we added dead bacteria to cultures that were not supplied with other nutrients. We only observed the growth-suppressive effect of our dead-bacteria treatment after they had undergone significant lysis, suggesting a key role for cellular contents released during lysis. Transcriptomic analysis indicated changes in gene expression in response to dead cells in growing populations, particularly in genes involved in motility. This was supported by experiments with genetic knockouts and copy-number manipulation. Because lysis is commonplace in natural and clinical settings, the growth-suppressive effect of dead cells we describe here may be a widespread and previously unrecognized constraint on bacterial population growth.
Observations on the interaction between plant growth-promoting bacteria and the root knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica
<p>This is the data set associated with the paper currently under peer review, on the biocontrol potential of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria against root knot nematodes. </p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.