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Data for: Aridity and chronic anthropogenic disturbance as organizing forces of fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages in a Caatinga dry forest
<p><span>Anthropogenic disturbances and climate change are expected to reorganize biodiversity on multiple ecological levels from populations to ecosystems, especially in arid and semiarid regions due to environmental filtering imposed by water stress. This paper examines the individual and combined effects of chronic anthropogenic disturbance and increased aridity on the structure of fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages in a human-modified landscape of Caatinga dry forest, in the northeast of Brazil. Butterflies were recorded monthly across old-growth forest stands and their assemblages were described in terms of taxonomic and functional community-level attributes confronted with different levels of chronic disturbance and aridity. Butterfly assemblages were species-poor but had high species replacement (turnover) along both the chronic disturbance and aridity gradients. We observed a negative effect of aridity on the alpha and beta diversity of butterfly assemblages. Butterfly assemblages across forest stands exposed to high levels of chronic disturbance and aridity had a nested structure. Functional diversity (Rao's Q) and the community-weighted means (CWM) of ocellus-bearing species and monocot-feeding larvae were negatively and positively affected by increased aridity and chronic disturbance, respectively. Our findings suggest that aridity and its combination with chronic disturbance have a drastic effect on the structure of butterfly assemblages in the Caatinga dry forest. These findings highlight that rainfall and chronic disturbances as major drivers of biological reorganization in human-modified landscapes. As aridity increases, Caatinga tends to support taxonomically and functionally impoverished and highly distorted assemblages.</span></p>
Functional diversity of experimental annual plant assemblages drives plant responses to biological soil crusts in gypsum systems
<p>1. Biological soil crusts (BSC) are complex biotic aggregates comprised of lichens, cyanobacteria, algae, and other microorganism that are known to differently affect plant development along life cycle by selecting plant functional traits based on species-specific effects. In addition, functional differences between interacting species should modulate their response ability to other environmental factors. Thus, it should be expected that the effects of the BSC on plants will be significantly determined by the own functional diversity in the community.</p> <p>2. To understand the multiple effects of BSC and the extent to which the functional diversity of interacting plant species can modulate their effects on the development of coexisting species, we applied an experimental approach by manipulating the initial functional diversity of the entire annual plant community and BSC conditions in a common garden trial. We crossed three sorts of assemblages built on the basis of plant stature (combinations of only large, or only small, or diverse sized plant species in pots) with three lichen-dominated BSC disturbance scenarios (intact, or tiny mechanically disaggregated, or absent portions of BSC).</p> <p>3. Biological soil crusts strongly affected the establishment and development of gypsophilous annual plants in a complex, multifaceted manner, which shifted throughout the plant life cycle. We demonstrated that lichen-dominated BSC could act as a major physical barrier to the establishment of annual plants at a heterogeneous fine spatial scale. Such a restrictive effect was particularly marked in presence of intact BSC. However, after annual plants overcame the restrictions imposed by BSC, the same biotic layer facilitated plant growth and fitness, regardless of its physical integrity, resulting in larger plants producing more fruits.</p> <p>4. Importantly, our results suggest that the functional diversity structure of the community may also drive growth and fitness of coexisting species by activating alternative coexistence mechanisms such as niche partitioning or competition symmetry. This study highlights the importance of plant neighbourhood features for the performance of interacting species, and confirms a novel, experimental way to explore the effects of community diversity on plants for the interpretation of assembly mechanisms.</p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Kaviarasu M, Ramli FF, Mohd Ilham Norhakim L, Othman N, Mahyuddin NAA, Haris H, Sariyati NH, Najmuddin MF, Aman S, Zaharin SF, Abdul-Latiff MAB (2022) First insight into freshwater fish assemblages in the western part of the Endau-Rompin landscape, Malaysia. Nature Conservation 50: 265-281. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.50.86090
Eleven environmental variables measured in each substation of rivers Juaseh, Segamat, and Labis of ERL.
The Effects of Roundup™ on Benthic Microbial Assemblages
<p>Given the wide usage of Roundup, a common herbicide, the impacts of its presence in ecological communities are of great interest. Many studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate, the active ingredient in Roundup, on different factions of an ecosystem including on animals, plants, microorganisms, and nutrients. The current study expanded upon these works using Roundup instead of glyphosate to provide a realistic application in which to observe the development of microbial assemblages and nutrient composition in two different habitats. Winogradsky columns were prepared using benthic material from a ditch and a pond. Varying concentrations of Roundup were introduced to the columns at the beginning of the study and microbial growth and nutrient compositions from each column were measured weekly. The results indicate that the presence of Roundup has varying effects on microorganisms and nutrients. While photosynthetic microbes were negatively impacted, a shift in the microbial composition to heterotrophic microbes indicates that these microorganisms were able to utilize some ingredients in Roundup as a nutrient source. Additionally, the temporal analysis of nutrient compositions indicated that microbes metabolize glyphosate starting with the phosphate moiety even when the other compounds in Roundup are present. While these trends were observed in both benthic habitats, the composition of the ecological community can affect its ability to utilize the ingredients in Roundup as a nutrient source.</p>
A community and functional comparison of coral and reef fish assemblages between four decades of coastal urbanisation and thermal stress.
<p>Urbanised coral reefs experience anthropogenic disturbances caused by coastal development, pollution and nutrient runoff, resulting in turbid, marginal conditions in which only certain species can persist. Mortality effects are exacerbated by increasingly regular thermal stress events, leading to shifts towards novel communities dominated by habitat generalists and species with low structural complexity.</p> <p>There is limited data on the turnover processes that occur due to this convergence of anthropogenic stressors, and how novel urban ecosystems are structured both at the community and functional level. As such, it is unclear how they will respond to future disturbance events.</p> <p>Here, we examine the patterns of coral reef community change, and determine whether ecosystem functions provided by specialist species are lost post-disturbance. We present a comparison of community and functional trait-based changes for scleractinian coral genera and reef fish species assemblages subject to coastal development, coastal modification, and mass bleaching between two time periods, 1975-6 and 2018, in Nakagusuku Bay, Okinawa, Japan.</p> <p>We observed an increase in fish habitat generalists, a dominance shift from branching to massive/ sub-massive corals and increasing site-based coral genera richness between years. Fish and coral communities significantly reassembled, but functional trait-based multivariate space remained constant, indicating a turnover of species with similar traits. A compression of coral habitat occurred, with shallow (<5m) and deep (>8m) coral genera shifting towards the mid-depths (5-8m).</p> <p>We show that although reef species assemblages altered post disturbance, new communities retained similar ecosystem functions. This result could be linked to the stressors experienced by urban reefs, which reflect those that will occur at an increasing frequency globally in the near future. Yet, even after shifts to disturbed communities, these fully functioning reef systems may maintain high conservation value.</p>
FIG. 4 in Species richness, functional diversity and assemblage structure of insectivorous bats along an elevational gradient in tropical West Africa
FIG. 4. Mean pairwise distances (MPD) of multivariate traits (A and B), forearm length (C and D), greatest skull length (E and F), narrowest breadth of skull (G and H), ear length (I and J) and tail length (K and L) of insectivorous bat assemblages along the Mount Nimba elevational gradient. Observed MPD for each elevation is represented by the blue dots. A blue line of best fit is shown for significant relationships between observed MPD and elevation. The red dots indicate the expected MPD as calculated by 999 randomized community shuffles for figures on the left, and trait shuffles for figures on the right. A red line of best fit is shown for significant relationships between expected MPD and elevation. Instances where observed MPD differs significantly from the expected MPD are indicated by black rings
FIG. 2 in Species richness, functional diversity and assemblage structure of insectivorous bats along an elevational gradient in tropical West Africa
FIG. 2. Quadratic linear regression of species richness of assemblages versus elevation (P = 0.008; species richness = 34.32 - 7.893*elevation + 0.4881*elevation2)
FIG. 3 in Ecomorphological diversity in the Patagonian assemblage of bats from Argentina
FIG. 3. Cladogram of Patagonian bats from Argentina based on Jones et al. (2002), Hoofer and Van Den Bussche (2003), Bickham et al. (2004), Stadelmann et al. (2007), Lack and Van Den Bussche (2010), Lack et al. (2010), Roehrs et al. (2010), Ammerman et al. (2012) and Amador et al. (2016). Tree partitions are indicated with numbers and correspond to clades used in Canonical Phylogenetic Ordination. Partition 1 is trivial and indicates the whole tree. The number of specimens per species for each data set (external, wing, craniodental, and all combined variables) is indicated in parentheses
FIG. 2 in Ecomorphological diversity in the Patagonian assemblage of bats from Argentina
FIG. 2. Skull variables measured in Patagonian bats from Argentina, shown on a H. macrotus specimen (LIEB-M 851 ♀). See text for abbreviations. Scale bar is 10 mm
FIG. 5 in Species richness, functional diversity and assemblage structure of insectivorous bats along an elevational gradient in tropical West Africa
FIG. 5. Mean nearest taxon distances (MNTD) of multivariate traits (A and B), forearm length (C and D), greatest skull length (E and F), narrowest breadth of skull (G and H), ear length (I and J) and tail length (K and L) of insectivorous bats along the Mount Nimba elevational gradient. Observed MNTD for each elevation is represented by the green dots. A green line of best fit is shown for significant relationships between observed MNTD and elevation. The red dots indicate the expected MNTD as calculated by 999 randomized community shuffles for figures on the left, and trait shuffles for figures on the right. A red line of best fit is shown for significant relationships between expected MNTD and elevation. Instances where observed MNTD differs significantly from the expected MNTD are indicated by black rings
FIG. 3 in Species richness, functional diversity and assemblage structure of insectivorous bats along an elevational gradient in tropical West Africa
FIG. 3. Dendrogram of bat functional groups present on Mount Nimba. Eight functional groups were identified, each represented by a different colour. See Supplementary Table S1 for full species names
FIG. 1 in Species richness, functional diversity and assemblage structure of insectivorous bats along an elevational gradient in tropical West Africa
FIG. 1. Study sites in Liberia and Guinea (Google Earth, 2015) and their assignment to the eight elevation belts. Key for site colours: red: <500 m; green: 500–600 m; yellow: 601–800 m; blue: 801–900 m; purple: 901–1100 m; black: 1101–1200 m; orange: 1201– 1400 m; white: 1401–1600 m
FIG. 1 in Ecomorphological diversity in the Patagonian assemblage of bats from Argentina
FIG. 1. Localities of study specimens of Patagonian bats from Argentina. Eco-regions from Argentina are coded as follows: Patagonian Steppe (clear gray); Patagonian Forest (dark gray); Low Monte (gray). Histiotus macrotus (∆), H. magellanicus (+), H. montanus (£), L. varius (u), M. chiloensis (ä), and T. brasiliensis (™). Scale in map (black bar) = 100 km
FIG. 7 in Ecomorphological diversity in the Patagonian assemblage of bats from Argentina
FIG. 7. Ordination diagram of PCA of the Patagonian bat assemblage for combined three data sets using A) data set not size-corrected; and B) data set size-corrected. Polygons include specimens from each species: H. macrotus (▲), H. magellanicus (), H. montanus (▲), L. varius (■), M. chiloensis (●), and T. brasiliensis (£). Vectors show the strengh of correlation of each variable with the plane of PC1 and PC2. See text for abbreviations
FIG. 4 in Ecomorphological diversity in the Patagonian assemblage of bats from Argentina
FIG. 4. Ordination diagram of PCA of the Patagonian bat assemblage for external variables using A) data set not size-corrected; and B) data set size-corrected. Polygons include specimens from each species: H. macrotus (▲), H. magellanicus (), H. montanus (▲), L. varius (■), M. chiloensis (●), and T. brasiliensis (£). Vectors show the strengh of correlation of each variable with the plane of PC1 and PC2. See text for abbreviations
IG. 6. Ordination diagram of PCA of the Patagonian bat assemblage for craniodental variables using A) data set not size-corrected; and B) data set size-corrected. Polygons include specimens from each species: H. macrotus (▲), H. magellanicus (), H. montanus (▲), L. varius (■), M. chiloensis (●), and T. brasiliensis (£). Vectors show the strengh of correlation of each variable with the plane of PC1 and PC2. See text for abbreviations in Ecomorphological diversity in the Patagonian assemblage of bats from Argentina
IG. 6. Ordination diagram of PCA of the Patagonian bat assemblage for craniodental variables using A) data set not size-corrected; and B) data set size-corrected. Polygons include specimens from each species: H. macrotus (▲), H. magellanicus (), H. montanus (▲), L. varius (■), M. chiloensis (●), and T. brasiliensis (£). Vectors show the strengh of correlation of each variable with the plane of PC1 and PC2. See text for abbreviations
FIG. 5 in Ecomorphological diversity in the Patagonian assemblage of bats from Argentina
FIG. 5. Ordination diagram of PCA of the Patagonian bats assemblage for wing variables using A) data set not size-corrected; and B) data set size-corrected. Polygons include specimens from each species: H. macrotus (▲), H. magellanicus (), H. montanus (▲), L. varius (■), M. chiloensis (●), and T. brasiliensis (£). Vectors show the strengh of correlation of each variable with the plane of PC1 and PC2. See text for abbreviations
Figure 4 in Structure of three subtropical bat assemblages (Chiroptera) in the Andean rainforests of Argentina
Figure 4 Relative abundance plots for principal guilds of Argentina subtropical rainforest. LM, Laja Morada; RC, Río de Las Conchas; ED, El Durazno. F/und, Frugivore understory; F/can, frugivore/canopy; U/ins, uncluttered space/aerial insectivore; B/ins, background-cluttered space/aerial insectivore; Hem, gleaning hematophagous.
Figure 2 in Structure of three subtropical bat assemblages (Chiroptera) in the Andean rainforests of Argentina
Figure 2 Relative abundance of each bat species in three sites of Argentina subtropical rainforests. Total sample effort was 7538 m-net-h in Laja Morada; 7178 m-net-h in Río de Las Conchas; 12,422 m-net-h in El Durazno. Apl, ArtibeUs planirostris; Ser, StUrnira erythromos; Sli, S. liliUm; Sop, StUrnira oporaphilUm (Tschudi, 1844); Pbi, Pygoderma bilabiatUm (Wagner, 1843); Dro, DesmodUs rotUndUs; Cau, ChrotopterUs aUritUs; Aca, AnoUra caUdiFer; Efu, EptesicUs FUrinalis; Edi, EptesicUs diminUtUs (Osgood, 1915); Deg, DasypterUs ega (Gervais, 1856); Lbl, LasiU- rUs blosseVillii (Lesson and Garnot, 1826); Lci, LasiUrUs cinereUs (Beauvois, 1796); Mal, Myotis albescens; Mdi, Myotis dinellii (Thomas, 1902); Mke, Myotis keaysi (J. A. Allen, 1914); Mri, Myotis ripariUs (Handley, 1960); Hla, HistiotUs laephotis (Thomas, 1916); Cpl, Cynomops planirostris (Peters, 1865); Ebo, EUmops bonariensis (Peters, 1874); Egl, EUmops glaUcinU (Wagner, 1843); Nma, Nyctinomops macrotis (Gray, 1839); Mte, Molossops temminckii (Burmeister, 1854); Pna, Promops nasUtUs (Spix, 1823); Tbr, Tadarida brasiliensis.
Figure 3 in Structure of three subtropical bat assemblages (Chiroptera) in the Andean rainforests of Argentina
Figure 3 Individual-based rarefaction curves (solid lines) with 95% CIs (box or dashed lines) based in mist-netting captures for three sites in rainforests of Argentina. (A) Traditional rarefactions analysis; note the values zero in the both extreme of CI. (B) Conservative analysis using an unconditional variance expression; CI is opened at the end of the curve. LM, Laja Morada; ED, El Durazno; RC, Río de Las Conchas.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.