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Figure 10 in A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implication for sloth history

Figure 10. Photographs (A–H, K–L) and drawings (I, J, M–O) of right humeri in anterior (A, C, E, G, I, K, M, O) and posterior (B, D, F, H, J, L, N) views of: A–D, Diabolotherium nordenskioldi gen. nov. [A, B, holotype NMR-PZ M4286 from Casa del Diablo cave, after Nordenskiöld (1908: fig. 2); C, D, referred material MNHN CPN 9–1 from Piedra Escrita, Cupisnique Desert, reversed from the original]. E, F, Megalocnus rodens [AMNH 49969, reversed from the original, modified from Matthew & Paula Couto (1959: fig. 14)]. G, H, Parocnus browni [AMNH 49918, modified from Matthew & Paula Couto (1959: figs 32.1, 33.1)]. I, J, Acratocnus ye [UF 75528, reversed from the original, modified from MacPhee et al. (2000b: fig. 6A, B)]. K–L, Eucholoeops ingens (FMNH P13125). M, N, Pliometanastes prostitus [UCMP 97371, reversed from the original, modified from Hirschfeld (1981: fig. 4)]. O, Megalonyx jeffersonii [LACM 21003, reversed from the original, modified from Stock (1925)]. c, capitulum; dc, deltopectoral crest; gt, greater tubercle; he, head; le, lateral epicondyle; lt, lesser tubercle; me, medial epicondyle; olf, olecranon fossa, raf, radial fossa; tr, trochlea. Scale bar = 2 cm for all the humeri except Megalonyx (10 cm).

Figure 2 in A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implication for sloth history

Figure 2. Note written by the French palaeontologist R. Hoffstetter explaining the conditions and the locality from which the remains of Diabolotherium nordenskioldi gen. nov. MNHN CPN 9–1 were discovered in 1975.

Figure 7 in A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implication for sloth history

Figure 7. Photographs of the vertebrae of Diabolotherium nordenskioldi gen. nov. (MNHN CPN 9–1, referred specimen). A, atlas in anterior view (dorsal towards the top). B, dorsal vertebra in anterior view. C, D, body of a lumbar vertebra in dorsal and ventral views, respectively. aaf, anterior articular facet; af, atlantal foramen; an, anapophysis; aw, atlas wing; azf, anterior zygapophyseal facet; bo, body; dfb, dorsal foramen of the body; mp, metapophysis; ns, neural spine; rf; rib facet; riv, passage of the right intrarachidian vein; tp, transverse process; vc, vertebrarterial canal of the atlas; vf, vertebral foramen; vfb; ventral foramen of the body (passage of vertebral veins). Scale bar = 2 cm.

Figure 6 in A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implication for sloth history

Figure 6. Drawings and photographs of the right dentary of Diabolotherium nordenskioldi gen. nov. A, B, NRM-PZ M4287 (paratype) in right lateral and occlusal views, respectively. C–H, MNHN CPN 9–1 (referred specimen) in right lateral (C, D), medial (E, F), and occlusal (G, H) views, respectively. anp, angular process; condp, condyloid process; corp, coronoid process; emef, external mental foramina, hrm, horizontal ramus of the mandibula; ifmc, internal foramen of the mandibular canal; imef, internal mental foramina; m1a–m4a, alveoli of the four lower molariform teeth; peomc, posterior external opening of the mandibular canal; spo, spout. Scale bar = 2 cm.

Figure 5 in A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implication for sloth history

Figure 5. Drawings and photographs of the auditory regions of Diabolotherium nordenskioldi gen. nov. (MNHN CPN 9–1, referred specimen). A–C, right auditory region in lateral view with major arteries and nerves (C). D, E, right auditory region in medial view. F, G, stereo photographs of left auditory region in lateroventral (ventral towards the top, anterior towards the right) and dorsomedial (ventral towards the top, anterior towards the left) views, respectively. acect, anterior crus of the ectotympanic; aqc, aqueductus cochleae; aqv, aqueductus vestibuli; caf, carotidian foramen; ent, entotympanic; feo, fenestra ovalis; fer, fenestra rotundum; fn, facial nerve; iam, internal auditory meatus; ica, internal carotid artery; md, mastoid depression; mf, mastoid foramen; pcect, posterior crus of the ectotympanic; pmp, pars mastoidea of the periotic; pr, promontorium (cranial surface of the pars petrosa); sa(inf), inferior ramus of the stapedial artery; sa(post)?, possible posterior ramus of the stapedial artery; sf, stylomastoid foramen; sff, secondary facial foramen; shf, stylohyal fossa. Scale bars = 2 cm.

Figure 1 in A peculiar climbing Megalonychidae from the Pleistocene of Peru and its implication for sloth history

Figure 1. Map showing the location of the Pleistocene Peruvian sites Casa del Diablo cave (near the town of Tirapata) and Piedra Escrita (Cupisnique Desert), from which the specimens of Diabolotherium nordenskioldi gen. nov. were discovered. Scale bar = 100 km.

Figure 20 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 20. Strict consensus of 108 MPTs. All trees have length of 833 steps, CI 0.489, RI 0.772. Bootstrap values> 50% are listed to the left of nodes, and Bremer support values> 1 are listed to the right. Several theropod clades are indicated in bold.

Figure 17 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 17. Left femur of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in anterior (A), lateral (B), medial (C) and posterior (D) aspects.

Figure 12 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 12. Mid-posterior dorsal vertebra (∼D7–13) of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in anterior (A), left lateral (B) and posterior (C) aspects. Two articulated posterior dorsal vertebrae (> D9) of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in posterior (D), right lateral (E) and left lateral (F) aspects. Posterior dorsal vertebra (∼D14) of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in anterior (G), left lateral (H) and posterior (I) aspects.

Figure 11 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 11. Several articulated posterior cervical vertebrae and ribs of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in left lateral (A), and left posterolateral (B), aspects (photo courtesy of J. Weinstein).

Figure 13 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 13. Fifth sacral vertebra (= 'caudosacral 1') and fused sacral ribs of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in anterior (A), left lateral (B), posterior (C) and dorsal (D) aspects. Anterior–middle caudal vertebra of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in anterior (E), left lateral (F) and posterior (G) aspects.

Figure 10 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 10. Braincase of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in right lateral aspect (A), and interpretive line drawing (B).

Figure 9 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 9. Skull of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in posterior aspect (A), and interpretive line drawing (B). Portions of two articulated posterior cervical vertebrae and ribs are visible in lateral aspect posterolateral to the skull.

Figure 7 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 7. Skull of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in anterior, and slightly oblique anterior aspect, highlighting the ornamentation of the dorsal crest (photo courtesy of J. Weinstein).

Figure 5 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 5. Skull of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in left lateral aspect (A), and interpretive line drawing (B). Several articulated posterior cervical vertebrae are preserved on the same block, posterior to the skull, and are visible in dorsal aspect (photo courtesy of J. Weinstein).

Figure 19 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 19. Left tibia, fibula, astragalus and calcaneum of Cryolophosaurus ellioti preserved in articulation in posterior (A) and anterior (B) aspects, and interpretive line drawing of anterior aspect (C) (photos courtesy of ReBecca Hunt).

Figure 4 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 4. Skull of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in right lateral aspect (A), and interpretive line drawing (B). Several articulated posterior cervical vertebrae are preserved on the same block, posterior to the skull, and are visible in ventral aspect (photo courtesy of J. Weinstein).

Figure 2 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 2. Detailed stratigraphy of the Fremouw, Falla and Hanson Formations in the Beardmore Glacier region. Several important vertebrate faunas are indicated. Rock unit legend abbreviations: carb, carbonaceous; cg, conglomorate; crs, coarse; Fm, Formation; med, medium; mdst, mudstone; sltst, siltstone; ss, sandstone.

Figure 3 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 3. Left maxilla of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in lateral (A), and medial (B), aspects. Right maxilla of Cryolophosaurus ellioti in lateral (C) aspect.

Figure 1 in Osteology of Cryolophosaurus ellioti (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from the Early Jurassic of Antarctica and implications for early theropod evolution

Figure 1. Generalized map of Antarctica (A), with inset maps showing the Central Transantarctic Mountains (B), and the Beardmore Glacier area where the Mount Kirkpatrick dinosaur site is located (C). D, generalized stratigraphy and age of rock units in the Beardmore Glacier area.