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FIG. 8 in Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species

FIG. 8. — Summary of the proposed historical relationships of Rhinoxenus species and their hosts. The parasite cladogram (solid lines) is superimposed on that (broad grey lines) of their hosts taxa. Dotted lines indicate postulated extinction or sampling error of parasites; dashed-dotted lines indicate postulated dispersion of parasite clades; circles indicate cospeciation events; triangle indicates duplication event. *, clade sensu Malabarba 1998.

FIG. 4. — Rhinoxenus euryxenus n in Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species

FIG. 4. — Rhinoxenus euryxenus n. sp.; A, holotype (ventral); B, vagina; C, male copulatory organ (MCO); D, hook from pairs 1, 3-7; E, hook from pair 2; F, ventral bar; G, ventral anchor; H, dorsal anchor. Scale bars: A, 100 μm; B-E, 10 μm; F-H, 50 μm.

FIG. 2. — Rhinoxenus anaclaudiae n in Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species

FIG. 2. — Rhinoxenus anaclaudiae n. sp.; A, holotype (ventral); B, male copulatory organ (MCO); C, hook from pair 2; D, hook from pairs 1, 3-7; E, vagina; F, ventral bar; G, dorsal anchor; H, ventral anchor. Scale bars: A, 100 μm; B-E, 10 μm; F-H, 30 μm.

FIG. 7 in Neotropical Monogenoidea. 47. Phylogeny and coevolution of species of Rhinoxenus (Platyhelminthes, Monogenoidea, Dactylogyridae) and their Characiformes hosts (Teleostei, Ostariophysi) with description of four new species

FIG. 7. — Cladogram of hosts groups of Rhinoxenus species constructed from parasitological data and using Characiformes taxa analyzed in the present work. Dashed lines postulate dispersion. Each host group is labeled with its taxonomic epithet followed by the Rhinoxenus species parasitizing its members.

FIG. 13 in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 13. — Strict consensus tree for sister-group relationships of 14 species of Euryhaliotrema n. gen. from eight equally parsimonious solutions obtained with PAUP*.

FIG. 10 in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 10. — Sclerotized structures of Euryhaliotrema n. gen. species; A-G, Euryhaliotrema bychowskyi (Obodnikova, 1976) n. comb.; A, ventral anchor; B, vagina (ventral view); C, hook; D, copulatory complex (ventral view); E, dorsal anchor; F, ventral bar; G, dorsal bar; H-N, Euryhaliotrema paralonchuri (Lugue & Iannacone, 1989) n. comb; H, vagina (ventral view); I, hook; J, ventral bar; K, copulatory complex (ventral view); L, dorsal anchor; M, dorsal bar; N, ventral anchor. Scale bar: 25 µm.

FIG. 9. — Euryhaliotrema sagmatum n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 9. — Euryhaliotrema sagmatum n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, hook; D, copulatory complex (ventral view); E, ventral bar; F, dorsal bar; G, ventral anchor; H, dorsal anchor. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B-H, 25 µm.

FIG. 6. — Euryhaliotrema succedaneus n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 6. — Euryhaliotrema succedaneus n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, hook; D, ventral bar; E, dorsal bar; F, copulatory complex (ventral view); G, ventral anchor; H, dorsal anchor. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B-H, 25 µm.

FIG. 3. — Euryhaliotrema potamocetes n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 3. — Euryhaliotrema potamocetes n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, hook; D, copulatory complex (ventral view); E, ventral bar; F, dorsal bar; G, ventral anchor; H, dorsal anchor. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B-H, 25 µm.

FIG. 2. — Euryhaliotrema lovejoyi n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 2. — Euryhaliotrema lovejoyi n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, copulatory complex (ventral view); D, hook; E, ventral bar; F, dorsal bar; G, ventral anchor; H, dorsal anchor. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B-H, 25 µm.

FIG. 1. — Euryhaliotrema chaoi n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 1. — Euryhaliotrema chaoi n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view; germarium not totally inked in order to show the dorsal male reproductive organs); B, vagina (ventral view); C, ventral anchor; D, hook; E, copulatory complex (ventral view); F, G, dorsal anchors; H, ventral bar; I, dorsal bar. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B-D, F-I, 25 µm; E, 50 µm.

Fig. 82. Character changes associated with avialan shoulder girdle evolution. A in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny

Fig. 82. Character changes associated with avialan shoulder girdle evolution. A, right coracoid of Deinonychus antirrhopus (YPM 5236; top) and Sinovenator changii (IVPP 12583; bottom); B, Sapeornis chaoyangensis (IVPP V13396) in ventral view; C, Jeholornis prima (IVPP V13274) in ventral view; D, Jixiangornis orientalis (CAGS uncataloged) in dorsal view.

FIG. 12 in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 12. — Hypothesis for the evolutionary history of 14 species of Euryhaliotrema n. gen. based on 18 homologous series of morphological characters. Numbers above each branch refer to postulated evolutionary changes as indicated in the character analysis. Numbers below each branch refer to bootstrap support for 1000 replicates; only values ≥ 50% are presented. Tree length = 30; Consistency Index = 66.7%; Retention Index = 83.1%.

Fig. 81 in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny

Fig. 81. Strict consensus cladogram of Coelurosauria based on the Xu et al. (2011) matrix having modified the scorings for their characters 322 and 366. Percentages indicate the frequencies of occurrence in the set of most parsimonious trees for the positions indicted by the arrows.

Fig. 78 in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny

Fig. 78. Adam's consensus cladogram of exploratory phylogenetic analysis including Pedopenna daohugouensis and Epidendrosaurus ningchengensis.

Fig. 79 in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny

Fig. 79. Reduced strict consensus cladogram of Paraves showing the number of extra steps required to place Rahonavis as basal within Avialae (7 steps longer), or to place it within Avialae in a position more derived than Archaeopteryx (11 extra steps).

FIG. 8 in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 8. — Euryhaliotrema carbunculus (Hargis, 1955) n. comb.; A, whole mount (dorsal view); B, copulatory complex (dorsal view); C, hook; D, vagina (dorsal view); E, ventral bar; F, dorsal bar; G, ventral anchor; H, dorsal anchor. Scale bars: A, 100 µm; B-H, 25 µm.

FIG. 7. — Euryhaliotrema atlantica n. gen., n in 41: New and previously described species of Dactylogyridae (Platyhelminthes) from the gills of marine and freshwater perciform fishes (Teleostei) with proposal of a new genus and a hypothesis on phylogeny

FIG. 7. — Euryhaliotrema atlantica n. gen., n. sp.; A, whole mount (composite, ventral view); B, vagina (ventral view); C, copulatory complex (ventral view); D, ventral bar; E, dorsal bar; F, ventral anchor; G, hook; H, dorsal anchor. Scale bars: A, 200 µm; B-H, 25 µm.

Fig. 73 in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny

Fig. 73. Simplified cladogram showing manipulated paravian relationships. Constraining Troodontidae to be sister group of Avialae requires 1 additional step.

Fig. 72 in A Review Of Dromaeosaurid Systematics And Paravian Phylogeny

Fig. 72. Simplified cladogram showing manipulated paravian relationships. Constraining Dromaeosauridae to be sister group of Avialae requires 4 additional steps.