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FIG. 1. — Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S in Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Acanthaceae), a new species from Tamil Nadu, India

FIG. 1. — Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (drawing by P. Raja): A, flowering branch; B, inflorescence; C, bract; D, bracteole; E, flower; F, posterior sepal; G, lateral sepal; H, anterior sepals; I, corolla split open; J, stamen; K, pistil; L, capsule; M, seed. Scale bars: A, B, 1 cm; C, D, F-H, 5 mm; E, I, K, L, 2 mm; J, 1 mm; M, 3 mm.

FIG. 3 in Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Acanthaceae), a new species from Tamil Nadu, India

FIG. 3. — Anatomical comparisons: A-C, Lepidagathis diffusa C.B.Clarke: A, CS of midrib; B, stomata; C, CS of stem; D-F, L. decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov.: D, CS of midrib; E, four lobed glandular hair; F, CS of stem. Abbreviations: ADE, adaxial epidermis; ABE, abaxial epidermis; Co, cortex; E, epidermis; MS, mesophyll; Pa, parenchyma; Pi, pith; St, stomata; Tri, trichome; VB, vascular bundle; Xy, xylem. Scale bars: A, C, F, 175 µm; D, 28 µm.

FIG. 4 in Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Acanthaceae), a new species from Tamil Nadu, India

FIG. 4. — SEM images of seeds of: A, Lepidagathis diffusa C.B.Clarke with long hydrophilic hairs; B, L. decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. with short hairs. Scale bars: A, 1 mm; B, 300 µm.

FIG. 2. — A-D, Lepidagathis diffusa C.B in Lepidagathis decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov. (Acanthaceae), a new species from Tamil Nadu, India

FIG. 2. — A-D, Lepidagathis diffusa C.B.Clarke; E-H, L. decumbens N. Dhatchan. & S. Soosairaj, sp. nov.: A, E, habit; B, F, inflorescence; C, G, flower; D, H, seed.

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Fig. 1 in Araguanema mutabile sp. nov., a new species of a rare genus (Drilonematoidea: Cephalobomorpha) parasitic in earthworms of Ecuador

Fig. 1. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female. A, B, D-F, H-I: holotype; C, G: paratype. Except G, all in lateral position. Scale bars in μm. (A) Entire worm. (B) Head. (C) Anterior part. (D) Vulval region. (E-F) Lateral chord at mid-body. (G) Tail, subventral view. (H-I) Egg-shell. Abbreviations: FO ‒ fimbriate organ, VO ‒ vesicular organ.

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Fig. 2 in Araguanema mutabile sp. nov., a new species of a rare genus (Drilonematoidea: Cephalobomorpha) parasitic in earthworms of Ecuador

Fig. 2. Araguanema mutabile sp. nov. Female holotype, all from lateral, scale bars in μm. (A) Anterior part. (B) Region of anus. (C) Egg in uterus.

FIGURE 8 in A new ornithopod dinosaur, Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Ornithischia), from the Upper Cretaceous of the Haţeg Basin, Romania

FIGURE 8. Strict consensus tree of the first phylogenetic analysis performed by us using the matrix of Madzia et al. (2018), showing the relationships of Transylvanosaurus platycephalus within Ornithischia and Ornithopoda. Notably, the phylogenetic relationships within Rhabdodontidae as shown herein differ from those reconstructed based on our thorough morphological comparisons (i.e., a particularly close relationship between Transylvanosaurus and Rhabdodon). Due to the scarcity of relevant braincase characters in the original dataset and the poor resolution of Rhabdodontidae, we regard the hypothesis derived from the morphological comparisons as more likely.

FIGURE 7 in A new ornithopod dinosaur, Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Ornithischia), from the Upper Cretaceous of the Haţeg Basin, Romania

FIGURE 7. Strict consensus tree of the first phylogenetic analysis performed by us using the matrix of Dieudonné et al. (2021), showing the relationships of Transylvanosaurus platycephalus within Ornithischia and Ornithopoda.

FIGURE 2 in A new ornithopod dinosaur, Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Ornithischia), from the Upper Cretaceous of the Haţeg Basin, Romania

FIGURE 2. The type locality of Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. at the Barbat River Valley section, near Pui, eastern Hateg Basin. A, General overview of the riverbed outcropping condition of the uppermost Cretaceous continental 'Pui Beds' along the Barbat River, south of Pui; in the background, flat-lying coarse cobbly-sandy Quaternary deposits covering the reddish uppermost Cretaceous rocks. B, Details of the superposed greenish coarser-grained channel deposits and red fine-grained floodplain sediments with well-developed whitish pedogenic calcrete horizons, characteristic of the 'Pui Beds.' C, View of the 'Pui Beds' looking southward, with the type locality and bed (a red silty mudstone) of Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. exposed in the middle ground; the type specimen, LPB (FGGUB) R.2070, was discovered near the left edge of the photograph (white arrow). D, Partial posterior cranium of Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov., specimen LPB (FGGUB) R.2070 (exposed paired frontals, above, and partly buried basicranium, below) in the moment of its discovery, July 2007; chisel for scale. E, Specimen LPB (FGGUB) R.2070 completely exposed during excavation. F, Block containing specimen LPB (FGGUB) R.2070 after completed excavation and before plaster jacketing.

FIGURE 6 in A new ornithopod dinosaur, Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Ornithischia), from the Upper Cretaceous of the Haţeg Basin, Romania

FIGURE 6. Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov., holotype frontals, FGGUB (LPB) R.2070. A, photo and B, drawing of the frontals in dorsal view. C, photo and D, drawing of the frontals in ventral view. Note that the ventral side of the left frontal is damaged and thus does not preserve the impressions of the orbital roof and the olfactory bulb. Abbreviations: cer, impression of the cerebrum; nps, confluent nasal-prefrontal suture; olf, impression of the olfactory bulb; orb, orbital roof; pas, parietal suture; pos, postorbital suture; sph, sutural contact with the sphenethmoid plate; tfc, transverse frontal crest.

FIGURE 1 in A new ornithopod dinosaur, Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Ornithischia), from the Upper Cretaceous of the Haţeg Basin, Romania

FIGURE 1. Locality information for the holotype of Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. A, Location of the type locality of Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. south of Pui, in the eastern Hateg Basin, western Romania, alongside with that of other rhabdodontid posterior cranial remains (frontals and basicrania listed above, respectively below the horizontal line) discussed in the text; the holotype is LPB (FGGUB) R.2070, in bold (for details on specimen numbers, see text). Key: 1, uplifted pre-Alpine crystalline basement rocks bordering the Hateg Basin; 2, pre-uppermost Cretaceous sedimentary units of the Hateg Basin (mainly marine beds); 3–5, vertebrate-bearing uppermost Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) continental deposits: 3, Sînpetru Formation (spf); 4, Sînpetru Formation-correlative units ('Râul Mare Beds' in the central part of the basin, 'Pui Beds' in the eastern part); 5, Densus-Ciula Formation (dcf), with v—volcanoclastic 'lower member'; 6, Cenozoic (mainly Quaternary) sedimentary cover; 7, main fossiliferous localities with rhabdodontid posterior cranial material. B, Inset shows the position of the Hateg Basin within Romania (rectangle), as well as the approximate location of the rhabdodontid frontal MMIRS 780 in the southwestern part of the Transylvanian Basin (star).

FIGURE 4 in A new ornithopod dinosaur, Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov. (Dinosauria: Ornithischia), from the Upper Cretaceous of the Haţeg Basin, Romania

FIGURE 4. Transylvanosaurus platycephalus gen. et sp. nov., holotype basicranium, FGGUB (LPB) R.2070, in anterior and posterior view. A, photo and B, drawing in anterior view. C, photo and D, drawing in posterior view. Abbreviations: boc, basioccipital; bpt, basipterygoid process; bsp, basisphenoid; btu, basal tubera; exo, exoccipital; fom, foramen magnum; lsp, laterosphenoid; opi, opisthotic; pap, paroccipital process; pit, pituitary fossa; pro, prootic; prp, prootic process.

Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 27. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Valvidistemon globiferus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen in oblique lateral view showing laterally hinged valves, massive connective between the thecae and prominent, globular, apical extension of the connective; b) Stamen in oblique lateral view on the opposite side from (a) showing broken laterally hinged valves and distinct endothecium cells; c) Detail of stamen showing the large, longitudinally aligned cells of the massive connective, broad, poorly defined stamen base, and the laterally hinged valves of one of the thecae; d) Reticulate pollen attached to the inside of the anther wall. Specimen, Catefica 49-S107779 (holotype, a–d). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c), 20 Μm (d).

Text-fig. 21. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting structure in lateral view showing numerous small, helically arranged wedge-shaped fruitlets each with a slightly differentiated apical stigmatic region (st); no bracts or scars from bracts, perianth or stamens were observed associated with the entire structure or with individual carpels; b) Apical portions of fruitlets showing differentiation of the stigmatic region (st); c) Detail of apical portion of fruitlet showing slightly raised stigmatic region (st) and possible ventral suture. Specimen, Catefica 49-S115851 (holotype, a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 21. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting structure in lateral view showing numerous small, helically arranged wedge-shaped fruitlets each with a slightly differentiated apical stigmatic region (st); no bracts or scars from bracts, perianth or stamens were observed associated with the entire structure or with individual carpels; b) Apical portions of fruitlets showing differentiation of the stigmatic region (st); c) Detail of apical portion of fruitlet showing slightly raised stigmatic region (st) and possible ventral suture. Specimen, Catefica 49-S115851 (holotype, a–c). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a, b), 100 Μm (c).

Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 26. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov. (a–c) and laminar stamens with monocolpate reticulate pollen sp. (d–g); Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment with basal portion missing showing two pairs of pollen sacs on one surface of the stamen close to the margin and separated by a broad connective, except near the apex where the thecae meet; note that the thecae are dehisced with the walls of the pollen sacs curled back; b) Pollen grains inside a dehisced pollen sac; note variation in size and development of the reticulum; c) Detail of (b) showing monocolpate, reticulate pollen with lumen of reticulum varying markedly in size but partly obscured by residual organic material; d) Stamen with apical and basal part of anther preserved showing two pairs of pollen sacs (asterisks) on the curved, perhaps ventral, surface close to the stamen margin; e) Detail of crack in the anther showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size; f) Pollen exposed in the crack in the anther; note coarsely foveolate to coarsely reticulate pollen wall and densely spaced orbicules; g) Folded pollen grains with reticulate pollen wall and also showing the inner anther wall with densely spaced spherical orbicules that vary greatly in size. Specimens, Catefica 49-S172560 (a–c), Catefica 50- S170384 (d–g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 20 Μm (b, e), 6 Μm (c, f, g).

Text-fig. 22. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting axis bearing an elongated receptacle with numerous diamond-shaped scars from detached fruitlets; note the absence of scars from bracts, tepals or stamens at the transition to the fruitlet scars and the stalk (arrow); b) Group of ten fruitlets detached from fruiting axis in (a) showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells; c) Detached fruitlet showing apical stigmatic region; d) Volume rendering of three adhering fruits showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells. Specimens, Catefica MM75-P0477 (a, b), Catefica 49-S115852 (c), Catefica 50-S174907 (d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 22. Scanning electron microscope (SEM, a–c) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM, d) images of Ibericarpus cuneiformis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Fruiting axis bearing an elongated receptacle with numerous diamond-shaped scars from detached fruitlets; note the absence of scars from bracts, tepals or stamens at the transition to the fruitlet scars and the stalk (arrow); b) Group of ten fruitlets detached from fruiting axis in (a) showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells; c) Detached fruitlet showing apical stigmatic region; d) Volume rendering of three adhering fruits showing apical stigmatic region and distinctive bulging isodiametric epidermal cells. Specimens, Catefica MM75-P0477 (a, b), Catefica 49-S115852 (c), Catefica 50-S174907 (d). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–d).

Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1485) through fruit in the region of the hypanthium rim showing sections through the two seeds close to the chalazal region; note endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by larger cells of exotesta (oi-o) and fruit wall (fr). Specimen, Catefica 49-S174249 (holotype, a–f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c, e, f), 100 Μm (d). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 3. Synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of fruits of Canrightia foveolata sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Volume rendering of fruit showing prominent rim around the middle of the fruit with reduced tepals (arrowheads) and partly abraded fruit wall exposing the pitted endotesta surface of one of two seeds (arrow); note two of the vascular bundles (vb) extending from the base of the fruit to the tepals; b) Voltex of fruit showing prominent rim around the fruit (arrowhead) and dense precipitation of crystals in the endothelium cells of one of the two seeds in the fruit; c) Longitudinal section of fruit (orthoslice yz0520) showing the inferred hypanthium rim (arrow head) and two seeds, one with a dense precipitation of crystals; note the prominent endothelium cells (asterisks) of the inner integument and the well-developed fruit wall above the seeds; d) Transverse section through basal part of fruit and seeds close to the micropyle (orthoslice xy0312) showing partly abraded fruit wall with five vascular bundles (vb) and details of the seed coat with endotesta (oi-end) surrounding the tegmen consisting of an outer epidermis (ii-o), middle layer (ii-m) and a distinct inner epidermis (endothelium) consisting of radially elongated cells (asterisk); e) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1680) through apical part of the fruit close to chalaza showing the tips of two seeds; note the endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by thick-walled cells of the exotesta (oi-o); f) Transverse section (orthoslice xy1485) through fruit in the region of the hypanthium rim showing sections through the two seeds close to the chalazal region; note endotesta (oi-end) surrounded by larger cells of exotesta (oi-o) and fruit wall (fr). Specimen, Catefica 49-S174249 (holotype, a–f). Scale bars = 300 Μm (a–c, e, f), 100 Μm (d).

Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 25. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen grains of Elasmostemon paisii gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a) Stamen fragment showing two pairs of pollen sacs along the margins of the stamen with a broad connective that separates the thecae, except near the apex where the thecae meet; b) Detail of surface of pollen sacs showing larger cells (arrows), interpreted as ethereal oil cells; c) Pollen in situ from specimen in (a); d) Stamen fragment with apical and basal portion missing and surface slightly abraded and compressed obscuring cellular details; note remains of another stamen attached to the underside of the stamen; e–h) Pollen in situ from specimen in (d) showing long aperture (e) and pollen wall with heterobrochate reticulum (e–h); note narrow muri with flatten and smooth surface and short columellae (h). Specimens, Catefica 49-S115859 (a–c), Catefica 151-S105281 (holotype, d–h). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, d), 50 Μm (b), 6 Μm (c, e–g), 1.5 Μm (h).

Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 28. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of stamens and pollen of Endressistemon cateficensis gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminal structure with two lateral stamens and one median structure seen in ventral and dorsal view (orientation unknown) showing that each stamen has a prominent apical extension and two pairs of pollen sacs separated by a narrow connective; both stamens are borne on a common base together with the median structure and their anthers are sessile on the common stalk; note the apical projection of the median structure (asterisk) between the two stamens and the ribs over probable vascular bundles that extend from the common base into the apical projections of both stamens and the median structure (arrows); c) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections and median axis-like structure between the two stamens (arrow); d) Staminal structure showing two stamens with prominent apical projections borne on a common base; e) Staminal structure in (a) and (b), from the same orientation as (b), showing the ribs over probable vascular bundles (yellow) that extend into the apical projections; f) Detail of staminal structure in (a) and (b) showing the fused or strongly adhering apical projections of the two lateral stamens and the median structure (asterisk); g) Monocolpate, reticulate pollen grains from the pollen sacs of stamen in (d). Specimens, Catefica 49-S107778 (holotype, a, b, e, f), Catefica 49-S107769 (c), Catefica 49-S107751 (d, g). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a–d), 300 Μm (e), 100 Μm (f), 6 Μm (g).

Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Catefica, Portugal: Angiosperms

Text-fig. 8. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of staminate inflorescences and pollen of Proencistemon portugallicus gen. et sp. nov.; Catefica locality, Portugal. a, b) Staminate inflorescences composed of numerous tetrasporangiate stamens; each stamen lacks a filament and there is no clear indication of other floral organs; note apparently paired arrangement of stamens in (b) (asterisks); c) Pollen in situ in anther from specimen in (a) showing poorly defined trichotomocolpate aperture and semitectate-reticulate tectum; d) Detail of pollen from specimen in (a) showing narrow muri with beaded surface ornamentation; e) Distal and proximal views of pollen in situ in an anther fragment; f) Orbicules attached to surface of in situ pollen from anther fragment. Specimens, Catefica M282-P0341 (holotype, a, c, d), Catefica 150-S174257 (b), Catefica 50-S170393 (e, f). Scale bars = 600 Μm (a, b), 6 Μm (c, e), 1.5 Μm (d, f).