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FIGURE 2. Comparison between I in Ionopsis × atalibae (Orchidaceae, Oncidiinae), a new natural hybrid from the Brazilian Amazon

FIGURE 2. Comparison between I. × atalibae (A–C), I. satyrioides (D–F) and I. utricularioides (G–I).

FIGURE 5 in Asymmetric hybridization origin of Rhododendron agastum (Ericaceae) in Guizhou, China

FIGURE 5. Genotype class assignment of representative individuals of Rhododendron delavayi, R. irroratum, and R. agastum from the Baili Rhododendron Reserve of Guizhou Province, China. All the samples are represented as a vertical bar partitioned into segments; whose length is proportional to the likelihood of belonging to a certain class. F 1 represents the first hybrid speciation; F 2 represents the second hybrid speciation, and BC represents backcross.

FIGURE 2 in Asymmetric hybridization origin of Rhododendron agastum (Ericaceae) in Guizhou, China

FIGURE 2. PCoA based on SSR data of all representative individuals of Rhododendron delavayi, R. decorum, R. irroratum, and R. agastum from the Baili Rhododendron Reserve of Guizhou Province, China.

FIGURE 1 in Asymmetric hybridization origin of Rhododendron agastum (Ericaceae) in Guizhou, China

FIGURE 1. Comparison of the four Rhododendron species, namely Rhododendron decorum, R. irroratum, R. agastum and R. delavayi in the Baili Rhododendron Reserve of Guizhou Province, China. a, d, g and j: Flowers; b, e, h and k: Adaxial surface of leaves; c, f, i and l: Abaxial surface of leaves.

FIGURE 6 in Asymmetric hybridization origin of Rhododendron agastum (Ericaceae) in Guizhou, China

FIGURE 6. Haplotype networks from the three representative species in the Baili Rhododendron Reserve of Guizhou Province, China.

FIGURE 3 in Asymmetric hybridization origin of Rhododendron agastum (Ericaceae) in Guizhou, China

FIGURE 3. Genetic STRUCTURE of representative individuals of Rhododendron delavayi, R. decorum, R. irroratum, and R. agastum from the Baili Rhododendron Reserve of Guizhou, China based on SSR data. K value of the best classification group was analysed based on Delta K.

FIGURE 4 in Asymmetric hybridization origin of Rhododendron agastum (Ericaceae) in Guizhou, China

FIGURE 4. Approximate Bayesian Computation Analysis of parental origin of Rhododendron agastum based on SSR data using DIYABC software. Time in generations was t (T3 ≥ T2 ≥ Ta). a Scenario 1 (R. agastum is the natural hybrid between R. delavayi and R. irroratum); c Scenario 2 (R. agastum is the natural hybrid between R. delavayi and R. decorum); b, d Posterior probabilities.

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FIGURE. Cumulative number of ferns and lycophytes, including varieties and hybrids, that were added to the Honduran flora since 1975 (A). Cumulative number of authors contributing to the addition of new records to the flora since 1975 (B). in Ferns and Lycophytes of Honduras: A new annotated checklist

FIGURE. Cumulative number of ferns and lycophytes, including varieties and hybrids, that were added to the Honduran flora since 1975 (A). Cumulative number of authors contributing to the addition of new records to the flora since 1975 (B).

FIGURE 2 in Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast

FIGURE 2. Morphospace visualization based on two foliar and four floral characters (Table 1): S. bightensis (n = 19, closed circles), S. cernua (n = 16, open circles), S. odorata (n = 10, triangles).

FIGURE 5 in Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast

FIGURE 5. Distribution map of S. bightensis, highlighting population loss over time. A. Collections made pre-1890's–present (the hypothesized original distribution of S. bightensis). B. 1900–present. C. 1950–present. D. 2000–present. Prepared by Elizabeth Gjieli, NYBG GIS Lab.

FIGURE 3 in Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast

FIGURE 3. Line drawing of S. bightensis. A. Habit and leaf detail. B. Inflorescence. C. Inflorescence detail. D. Floral bract and flower. E–M. Dissected flower. E. Dorsal sepal. F. Dorsal petal. G. Lateral sepal. H. Labellum, flattened. I. Labellum and column in natural position. J. Column, profile view. K. Column, ventral and dorsal view. L. Anther. M. Pollinia. Drawn from Austin s.n. barcode 01392822 (NY) and Pace 608 (NY) by Bobbi Angell.

FIGURE 1 in Spiranthes bightensis (Orchidaceae), a New and Rare Cryptic Hybrid Species Endemic to the U. S. Mid-Atlantic Coast

FIGURE 1. Phylogenetic networks from NeighborNet analysis of the S. cernua species complex plus S. odorata; the position of species is indicated by ovals. A. Combined nuclear dataset (nrITS, ACO, Xdh); inset focuses on the relationships between S. cernua s.s. and S. bightensis, denoting the position of individual samples. B. Combined chloroplast dataset (matK, ndhJ, trnL intron, trnS-fM, ycf1 3'); inset focuses on the relationships between S. cernua s.s. and S. bightensis, denoting the position of individual samples (all samples are S. cernua s.s. unless otherwise indicated).

FIGURE 3 in A new natural hybrid in Saxifraga sect. Porphyrion Tausch (Saxifragaceae)

FIGURE 3. Morphology of studied Saxifraga taxa. A–B. S. meeboldii C–E. S. pulvinaria. F–J. S. ×klimesii. A, C, F, H. Overall habit. B. Rosette leaves with pores. D, G. Detail of hypanthium. E, J. Rosette leaves with pores and cilia. I. Petals. Photographs by D. Horák (A), M. Hroneš (B, F, J) and M. Hajman (C–E, G–I).

FIGURE 2 in A new natural hybrid in Saxifraga sect. Porphyrion Tausch (Saxifragaceae)

FIGURE 2. Overall habit of studied Saxifraga species. A. Sympatric growth of S. meeboldii (front), S. pulvinaria (far right) and their hybrid S. ×klimesii (far left) in Zanskar, Ladakh, NW India. B. S. meeboldii. C. S. ×klimesii. D. S. pulvinaria. Photographs by R. Roth (A) and D. Horák (B–D).

FIGURE 1 in A new natural hybrid in Saxifraga sect. Porphyrion Tausch (Saxifragaceae)

FIGURE 1. Biplot of principal component analysis (PCA) of S. meeboldii (red), S. pulvinaria (green), S. ×klimesii (black) and artificial hybrid (blue); cultivated plants are represented by dot, plants from herbaria by triangle. A. PCA of all analysed plants of both cultivated and herbaria origin showing variation in length (Rudel) and width (Rusir) of leaves and number of pores (Pporu) of leaves. Ordination axis 1 explains 42.71 % and ordination axis 2 explains 22.24 % of variance of the sample set. B. PCA of all 10 analysed morphological traits based on cultivated plants only. Ordination axis 1 explains 57.11 % and ordination axis 2 explains 28.81 % of variance of the sample set. Pporu—number of pores, brvy—presence of cilia, Kdel—length of calyx, Ksir—width of calyx, Cdel—length of corolla, Csir—width of corolla, Adel—length of anther, Asir—width of anther.

FIGURE 5 in A natural intergeneric hybrid of Gesneriaceae from Brazil

FIGURE 5. Principal component analysis (PCA) performed with the pollen metrical variables from hybrid (Goydirola) and parental species (Goyazia petraea and Mandirola hirsuta) studied. Goy = Goyazia petraea; Man = Mandirola hirsuta; EDPV = equatorial diameter in polar view; PDEV = polar diameter in equatorial view; EDEV = equatorial diameter in equatorial view; ECLG = ectoaperture length; ECWD = ectoaperture width; ENLG = endoaperture length; ENWD = endoaperture width; EXIN = exine total; SEXI = sexine; NEXI = nexine; SHAP = shape; P.A.I = polar area index; WCI = width colpus index.

FIGURE 2 in A natural intergeneric hybrid of Gesneriaceae from Brazil

FIGURE 2. Phases of the meiotic process in the putative hybrid (A–J) and in Mandirola hirsuta (K), showing in: (A) diakinesis with n=12; (B) diakinesis with n = 13; (C) diakinesis with n = 16; (D) diakinesis with n = 26; (E) mitotic metaphase cell in the anther somatic tissue, with 2n = 26; (F) monad; (G) dyad; (H) tetrad with micronuclei (arrow); (I) pollen grains with different sizes; (J) unviable pollen; (K) diakinesis with n = 12. Bar = 5µm.

FIGURE 4 in A natural intergeneric hybrid of Gesneriaceae from Brazil

FIGURE 4. Representation of confidence interval of mean in 95% of the pollen grains of hybrid (Goydirola) and parental species (Goyazia petraea and Mandirola hirsuta) studied. (A) Polar diameter in equatorial view, (B) Equatorial diameter in equatorial view. The highEr and lOwEr bOundariEs shOwing thE cOnfidEncE intErval; thE avEragE circlE shOwing thE arithmEtic mEan. ThE valuEs arE in μm. G. petr = Goyazia petraea; M. hirs = Mandirola hirsuta.

FIGURE 3 in A natural intergeneric hybrid of Gesneriaceae from Brazil

FIGURE 3. Photomicrographs and electron micrographs (SEM, TEM) of the pollen grains of hybrid (Goydirola) and parental species (Goyazia petraea and Mandirola hirsuta) studied. (A–F) Goyazia petraea [A–F = 1061], (G–M) Goydirola, (N–T) Mandirola hirsuta [N = 1064; O–P, R–S and T = 1068; Q = 1066]. (A, G and N) polar view with emphasis on the amb, (D, K and Q) equatorial view with emphasis on the apertures, (B–C, H–I and O–P) ornamentation in high and low focus on the apocolpium, (E–F, L–M and R–S) ornamentation in high and low focus on the mesocolpium, (J) ornamentation on the mesocolpium (SEM) with emphasis on the exine ultrastructure (TEM), (T) ornamentation on the mesocolpium (SEM). Scale bars: 2 µm = J (TEM); 5 µm = other images. Legends: c = columella, i = intine, n1 = foot layer, n2 = endexine, t = tectum.

FIGURE 6 in A natural intergeneric hybrid of Gesneriaceae from Brazil

FIGURE 6. Cluster analysis (UPGMA based on Euclidean distance) performed with the pollen metrical variables from hybrid (Goydirola) and parental species (Goyazia petraea and Mandirola hirsuta) studied. Goy = Goyazia petraea; Man = Mandirola hirsuta.