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Stenotrophomonas isolates from patients with cystic fibrosis and other chronic respiratory infections
<p><strong>Background:</strong> The potential pathogenic role of <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> in lung disease and in particular in cystic fibrosis is unclear. To develop further understanding of the biology of this taxa, the taxonomic position, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors of <em>S. maltophilia</em> isolates from patients with chronic lung disease were studied.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 111 isolates recovered between 2003 and 2016 from respiratory samples from patients in five different countries were included. Based on a cut-off of 95%, analysis of average nucleotide identity by BLAST (ANIb) showed that the 111 isolates identified as <em>S. maltophilia</em> by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) belonged to <em>S. maltophilia</em> (n=65), <em>S. pavanii </em>(n=6) and 13 putative novel species (n=40), which each included 1-5 isolates; these groupings coincided with the results of the 16S rDNA analysis, and the L1 and L2 ß-lactamase Neighbor-Joining phylogeny. Chromosomally encoded aminoglycoside resistance was identified in all <em>S. maltophilia</em> and <em>S. pavani</em> isolates, while acquired antibiotic resistance genes were present in only a few isolates. Nevertheless, phenotypic resistance levels against commonly used antibiotics, determined by standard broth microbroth dilution, were high. Although putative virulence genes were present in all isolates, the percentage of positive isolates varied. The Xps II secretion system responsible for the secretion of the StmPr1-3 proteases was mainly limited to isolates identified as <em>S. maltophilia</em> based on ANIb, but no correlation with phenotypic expression of protease activity was found. The RPF two-component quorum sensing system involved in virulence and antibiotic resistance expression has two main variants with one variant lacking 190 amino acids in the sensing region.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The putative novel <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> species recovered from patient samples and identified by MALDI-TOF/MS as <em>S. maltophilia</em>, differed from <em>S. maltophilia</em> in resistance and virulence genes, and therefore possibly in pathogenicity. Revision of the <em>Stenotrophomonas</em> taxonomy is needed in order to reliably identify strains within the genus and elucidate the role of the different species in disease.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. S.a.anomalusGmelin,1778—Lesbos1(Greece),Turkey,Georgia,Armenia,Azerbaijan,andperhapsNIraq. S.a.pallescensGray,1867—NIraq,andW&SIran(ZagrosMtsandFarsDistrict). S. a. syriacus Ehrenberg, 1828 — Lebanon, W Syria, N Israel, and a small isolated population in extreme NWJordan. in Sciuridae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.a.anomalusGmelin,1778—Lesbos1(Greece),Turkey,Georgia,Armenia,Azerbaijan,andperhapsNIraq. S.a.pallescensGray,1867—NIraq,andW&SIran(ZagrosMtsandFarsDistrict). S. a. syriacus Ehrenberg, 1828 — Lebanon, W Syria, N Israel, and a small isolated population in extreme NWJordan.
Distribution. SW and extreme NW DR Congo, S Uganda, SW Kenya, W Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, WC Mozambique, and isolated in E Zimbabwe (Inyanga Highlands). in Soricidae
Distribution. SW and extreme NW DR Congo, S Uganda, SW Kenya, W Rwanda, Burundi, Tanzania, Zambia, Malawi, WC Mozambique, and isolated in E Zimbabwe (Inyanga Highlands).
Distribution. Mediterranean NW Africa from NW Western Sahara E to Tunisia, along with some isolated records from N Egypt around the Nile Delta. It might be widely and continuously distributed from Morocco to Egypt, and there are possible records from Libya that are labeled as Greater White-toothed Shrew (C. russula). in Soricidae
Distribution. Mediterranean NW Africa from NW Western Sahara E to Tunisia, along with some isolated records from N Egypt around the Nile Delta. It might be widely and continuously distributed from Morocco to Egypt, and there are possible records from Libya that are labeled as Greater White-toothed Shrew (C. russula).
Distribution. SE DR Congo and W Tanzania S through E Zambia, W Malawi, W Mozambique, and E Zimbabwe to South Africa and Lesotho, as well as a single isolated record from C Nigeria; most records throughoutits distribution are scattered. in Soricidae
Distribution. SE DR Congo and W Tanzania S through E Zambia, W Malawi, W Mozambique, and E Zimbabwe to South Africa and Lesotho, as well as a single isolated record from C Nigeria; most records throughoutits distribution are scattered.
Distribution. Throughout sub-Saharan Africa from Guinea E to W Kenya and S to C Mozambique and C Angola, as well as an isolated region of W Ethiopia. in Soricidae
Distribution. Throughout sub-Saharan Africa from Guinea E to W Kenya and S to C Mozambique and C Angola, as well as an isolated region of W Ethiopia.
Distribution. Great Basin in EC California and SW Nevada as well as an isolated record from WC Utah (SW USA). in Soricidae
Distribution. Great Basin in EC California and SW Nevada as well as an isolated record from WC Utah (SW USA).
Distribution. Found patchily in C & E Borneo, from C Sarawak State (absent from coastal areas and possibly occurs only between upper Rajang and upper Batang Luparrivers) to most of E Kalimantan and a few areas in the W (in the SE restricted to the E of the Barito River, there is a population in Gunung Palung in the SW, but it is not known whetherit is isolated or whetherit is continuous with other populations in the W). in Cercopithecidae
Distribution. Found patchily in C & E Borneo, from C Sarawak State (absent from coastal areas and possibly occurs only between upper Rajang and upper Batang Luparrivers) to most of E Kalimantan and a few areas in the W (in the SE restricted to the E of the Barito River, there is a population in Gunung Palung in the SW, but it is not known whetherit is isolated or whetherit is continuous with other populations in the W).
Subspecies and Distribution. C.t.tantalusOgilby,1841—sub-SaharanAfricafromEBurkinaFasoandGhana(EofVoltaRiver)toCentralAfricanRepublicandNWDRCongo. C.t.budgettiPocock,1907—NEDRCongo,Uganda,andNWKenya. C. t. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — W Sudan (W of White Nile) and South Sudan from the Imatong Mts in the S to Jebel Marra in the N (where it is isolated from other populations by desert). in Cercopithecidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.t.tantalusOgilby,1841—sub-SaharanAfricafromEBurkinaFasoandGhana(EofVoltaRiver)toCentralAfricanRepublicandNWDRCongo. C.t.budgettiPocock,1907—NEDRCongo,Uganda,andNWKenya. C. t. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — W Sudan (W of White Nile) and South Sudan from the Imatong Mts in the S to Jebel Marra in the N (where it is isolated from other populations by desert).
Distribution. Endemic to S Tanzania in just two isolated sites, the Southern Highlands and the Udzungwa Mts. in Cercopithecidae
Distribution. Endemic to S Tanzania in just two isolated sites, the Southern Highlands and the Udzungwa Mts.
Distribution. NE India, W, extreme E & SE Myanmar, N & W Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, NE & SW Cambodia, and an isolated record from Yunnan, SW China. in Muridae
Distribution. NE India, W, extreme E & SE Myanmar, N & W Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, NE & SW Cambodia, and an isolated record from Yunnan, SW China.
Distribution. Ethiopia, NW Somalia, S South Sudan, N Uganda, Kenya, and N Tanzania, with isolated records from SW Sudan and NC Central African Republic. in Muridae
Distribution. Ethiopia, NW Somalia, S South Sudan, N Uganda, Kenya, and N Tanzania, with isolated records from SW Sudan and NC Central African Republic.
Distribution. Sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal E to Somalia and S to N Namibia, N Botswana, and E South Africa, with an isolated record from N Sudan. in Muridae
Distribution. Sub-Saharan Africa from Senegal E to Somalia and S to N Namibia, N Botswana, and E South Africa, with an isolated record from N Sudan.
Distribution. Angola and Zambia to E Africa, with isolated population in W Central African Republic. in Muridae
Distribution. Angola and Zambia to E Africa, with isolated population in W Central African Republic.
Distribution. Occurs patchily in montane habitats from SE Uganda and highlands of C Kenya S through Tanzania, SE DR Congo, Malawi, and Zimbabwe to NE South Africa; an isolated population occurs on plateau of Angola. in Muridae
Distribution. Occurs patchily in montane habitats from SE Uganda and highlands of C Kenya S through Tanzania, SE DR Congo, Malawi, and Zimbabwe to NE South Africa; an isolated population occurs on plateau of Angola.
Distribution. Widespread in tropical Africa in Guinea-Bissau and from Sierra Leone and Guinea E to S South Sudan and W Kenya, and S to N Angola, S DR Congo, NE Zambia, SW Tanzania, and extreme N Malawi; isolated populations occur in SW Sudan and SW Ethiopia. in Muridae
Distribution. Widespread in tropical Africa in Guinea-Bissau and from Sierra Leone and Guinea E to S South Sudan and W Kenya, and S to N Angola, S DR Congo, NE Zambia, SW Tanzania, and extreme N Malawi; isolated populations occur in SW Sudan and SW Ethiopia.
Distribution. Widespread from Mauritania and Senegal E to Ethiopia, and S to Tanzania and SW Zambia; range extends N along Nile Valley to the Nile Delta in Egypt, with an isolated population in SW Arabia (Yemen). in Muridae
Distribution. Widespread from Mauritania and Senegal E to Ethiopia, and S to Tanzania and SW Zambia; range extends N along Nile Valley to the Nile Delta in Egypt, with an isolated population in SW Arabia (Yemen).
Distribution. Disjunct in South Africa in Cape Fold Belt Mts in Western Cape and isolated populations in S Free State and Eastern Cape N of 33° S. in Muridae
Distribution. Disjunct in South Africa in Cape Fold Belt Mts in Western Cape and isolated populations in S Free State and Eastern Cape N of 33° S.
Distribution. Widely distributed in Congo Basin and Albertine Rift from the Niger River in W to shores of Lake Victoria in E; an isolated population occurs in NW Zambia and neighboring DR Congo. in Muridae
Distribution. Widely distributed in Congo Basin and Albertine Rift from the Niger River in W to shores of Lake Victoria in E; an isolated population occurs in NW Zambia and neighboring DR Congo.
Subspecies and Distribution. L. n. nudicaudus Heller, 1911 — from Sanaga River in Cameroon E to the Ubangui River in Central African Republic and S to SW Republic of the Congo, with an isolated record from the right bank of the Congo River . L. n. tullbergi Matschie, 1911 — SE Nigeria and Cameroon, between Cross and Sanaga rivers, and Bioko I. in Muridae
Subspecies and Distribution. L. n. nudicaudus Heller, 1911 — from Sanaga River in Cameroon E to the Ubangui River in Central African Republic and S to SW Republic of the Congo, with an isolated record from the right bank of the Congo River . L. n. tullbergi Matschie, 1911 — SE Nigeria and Cameroon, between Cross and Sanaga rivers, and Bioko I.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.