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Species list, with traits, in four forest types
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Effects of Salicaceae species litter type and moisture at 10 paired wetland by upland plots:Specialization, maintenance of diversity and ecosystem consequences of growth defense trade-offs in a model system: the hyper-diverse willow communities of Cedar Creek
Cedar Creek includes a diversity of habitats, which support an astonishing number of species (15) from a single evolutionary lineage: the willow family (Salicaceae). The physiological tolerances and abiotic mechanisms that maintain natural diversity in this hyper-diverse system are beginning to be understood; the role of biotic interactions, however, remains a major gap in understanding. We hypothesize that insect herbivory plays a critical role in niche partitioning, providing an important explanation for high willow diversity. Using a replicated series of common gardens and insect herbivore manipulations in resource rich and resource poor habitats, we are testing for evolved trade-offs between defense investment and growth rate. We expect specialized plant syndromes to emerge along the continuum from ???herbivore escape??? via fast growth in high resource environments to ???anti-herbivore protection??? via heavy investment in defense in low resource environments. Evolved growth/defense strategies that promote diversity are also likely to have ecosystem consequences due to foliar chemical influences on decomposition and the composition and diversity of the insect communities they support. The proposed research takes advantage of natural diversity, providing an important model system at Cedar Creek.
Figs 50–62 in A revision of the types of Heteroptera species described by Géza Horváth based on specimens from collections of Ladislav Duda and Emil Holub
Figs 50–62. Habitus and labels of type specimens. 50–52 – Caura modesta Horváth, 1893 [= Parantestia cincticollis (Schaum, 1853)], ♀, lectotype; 53–55 – Diloxys holubi Horváth, 1893 [= Coponia holubi],, lectotype; 56–58 – Menida distanti Horváth, 1893 [= Menida transversa transversa (Signoret, 1861)],, syntype; 59–62 – Stollia crucifera Horváth, 1893 [= Cosmopepla cruciaria Stål, 1872], ♀, neotype. Scale bars in mm. (Photo: D. Rédei).
Figs 63–66 in A revision of the types of Heteroptera species described by Géza Horváth based on specimens from collections of Ladislav Duda and Emil Holub
Figs 63–66. Parantestia cincticollis (Schaum, 1853), structure of pygophore of a male specimen (Republic of the Congo, 20 km W Brazzaville, body length 9.7 mm), compared to female lectotype of Caura modesta Horváth, 1893, syn. nov. (63 – dorsal view, magnification 55×; 64 – ventral view, 55×; 65 – lateral view, 60×; 66 – caudal (most exposed) view, 60×). Scale bars: 0.5 mm. (ESEM micrographs: P. Kment).
Figs 23–37 in A revision of the types of Heteroptera species described by Géza Horváth based on specimens from collections of Ladislav Duda and Emil Holub
Figs 23–37. Habitus and labels of type and non-type specimens. 23–26 – Reduvius reuteri Horváth, 1893 [= Neotrichedocla quadrisignata (Stål, 1855)], , syntype. 27–34 – Homoeocerus fuscicornis Horváth, 1893: 27–30 –, syntype; 31–34 – ♀, non-type from HNHM. 35–37 – Hypselonotus balteatus Horváth, 1893 [= H. interruptus Hahn, 1833], ♀, syntype. Scale bars in mm. (Photo: D. Rédei).
Plate III. Rhinolophus simpleX group; skulls; front views f, all other figures f. Fig.. Rh. simpleX (p. 76); Lombok; type of the species. Front view. 2 a, b, c. Rh. megaphyllus f. typica (p. 79); Cooktown; B.M. no. 3.8.3.3. Upper, lateral, and front views. 3. Rh. nanus (p. 82); Goram; type. Front view. 4a, b. Rh. celebensis (p. 83); Makassar; type. Upper and front views. 5 a, 6, c. Rh. borneensis f. typica (p. 84); Labuan; topotype; B.M. no. 65.5.9.15. Upper, lateral, and front views. 6. Rh. malayanus (p. 89); Biserat; topotype; B.M. no. 3.2.6.84. Front view. 7 a, b, c. Rh. nereis (p. 90); Siantan, Anambas; type. Upper, lateral, and front views. 8 a, b. Rh. stheno (p. 91); Selangor; topotype; B.M. no. 98.3.13.2. Lateral and front views. 9 a, b, c, d. Rh. rouXi f. typica (p. 93); Ceylon. Upper, lower, lateral, and front views. 10. Rh.thomasi (p. 100); Talio, Karin Hills; topotype; B.M. no. 90.4.7.9. Upper view. 11 a, b. Rh. affinis himalayanus (p. 103); Nepal. Lower and front views. 12. Rh. a. tener (p. 103); Pegu; type. Upper view. 13. Rh. a. princeps (p. 106); Lombok; type. Upper view. in On some Bats of the Genus Rhinolophus, with Remarks on their Mutual Affinities, and Descriptions of Twenty-six new Forms.
Plate III. Rhinolophus simpleX group; skulls; front views f, all other figures f. Fig.. Rh. simpleX (p. 76); Lombok; type of the species. Front view. 2 a, b, c. Rh. megaphyllus f. typica (p. 79); Cooktown; B.M. no. 3.8.3.3. Upper, lateral, and front views. 3. Rh. nanus (p. 82); Goram; type. Front view. 4a, b. Rh. celebensis (p. 83); Makassar; type. Upper and front views. 5 a, 6, c. Rh. borneensis f. typica (p. 84); Labuan; topotype; B.M. no. 65.5.9.15. Upper, lateral, and front views. 6. Rh. malayanus (p. 89); Biserat; topotype; B.M. no. 3.2.6.84. Front view. 7 a, b, c. Rh. nereis (p. 90); Siantan, Anambas; type. Upper, lateral, and front views. 8 a, b. Rh. stheno (p. 91); Selangor; topotype; B.M. no. 98.3.13.2. Lateral and front views. 9 a, b, c, d. Rh. rouXi f. typica (p. 93); Ceylon. Upper, lower, lateral, and front views. 10. Rh.thomasi (p. 100); Talio, Karin Hills; topotype; B.M. no. 90.4.7.9. Upper view. 11 a, b. Rh. affinis himalayanus (p. 103); Nepal. Lower and front views. 12. Rh. a. tener (p. 103); Pegu; type. Upper view. 13. Rh. a. princeps (p. 106); Lombok; type. Upper view.
Figures 1-19 from: de Sousa VR, Pereira AFM, Couri MS (2020) On Aethiopomyia Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae) with the revision of the type specimens deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (Germany) with a key to species. ZooKeys 926: 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeysw.926.49210
Figures 1-19 1–5Aethiopomyia arguta (Karsch, 1879) lectotype ♂ of Aricia arguta Karsch: 1 lateral view 2 dorsal view 3 head frontal view 4 pulvilli 5 labels 6–10Aethiopomyia gigas (Stein, 1906) syntype ♂: 6 lateral view 7 dorsal view 8 head frontal view 9 pulvilli 10 labels 11–14Aethiopomyia patersoni Zumpt, 1969 Paratype ♀: 11 lateral view; 12 dorsal view 13 head frontal view 14 labels 15–19Aethiopomyia williamsi (Snyder, 1951) ♀ of Lophomala anax Enderlein, 1927, nomen nudum: 15 lateral view 16 dorsal view 17 head frontal view 18 wing 19 labels. Scale bars: 5 mm (1–3, 5, 6–8, 10–19); 1 mm (4, 9).
Figures 20-30 from: de Sousa VR, Pereira AFM, Couri MS (2020) On Aethiopomyia Malloch (Diptera, Muscidae) with the revision of the type specimens deposited in the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin (Germany) with a key to species. ZooKeys 926: 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeysw.926.49210
Figures 20-30 Aethiopomyia arguta (Karsch, 1879) 20 aedeagus lateral view. Aethiopomyia gigas (Stein, 1906) 21 Sternite 5 22 cercal plate, lateral view 23 cercal plate, dorsal view 24 aedeagus dorsal view 25 aedeagus lateral view 26 ovipositor, dorsal view 27 ovipositor, ventral view 28 spermathecae 29 larva 30 detail of the anterior spiracle of larva. Scale bars: 0.2 mm 20–27, 29, 30; 0.1 mm 20, 28.
Figure 3. D in Neotypification of Drawida hattamimizu Hatai, 1930 (Annelida, Oligochaeta, Megadrili, Moniligastridae) as a model linking mtDNA (COI) sequences to an earthworm type, with a response to the 'Can of Worms' theory of cryptic species
Figure 3. D. hattamimizu detailed internal anatomy showing the disputed paired nephridial funnels ("n.m.") sketched for only three of the nephridia (after Hatai, 1930: fig. 4).
Fig. 15. Schizochelus Blanchard, 1850 in Macrodactylini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae): primary types of type species and taxonomic changes to the generic classification
Fig. 15. Schizochelus Blanchard, 1850, ♂, habitus, lateral (without some appendages). A. Schizochelus flavescens Blanchard, 1850. B. Schizochelus bicoloripes Blanchard, 1850. C. Schizochelus mirabilis (Moser, 1921) comb. nov. Scale bar = 1 mm.
Fig. 22. A–D in Macrodactylini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae): primary types of type species and taxonomic changes to the generic classification
Fig. 22. A–D. Holotype, ♂ (dorsal, labels). A–B. Paulosawaya ornatissima Martínez & d'Andretta, 1956. C–F. Pseudoleuretra bokermanni Martínez & d'Andretta, 1956. E–F. Non-type material. E. Junkia ceylanica Nonfried, 1894. F. Plectris tomentosa LePeletier de Saint-Fargeau & Audinet-Serville, 1828. Scale bars = 2 mm.
Fig. 13 in Macrodactylini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae): primary types of type species and taxonomic changes to the generic classification
Fig. 13. ♂♂. A. Head–prothorax dorsal, tarsus rotated laterally to apex. B–C. Mesotibia−tarsus (C, with details of tarsomere I and IV). D−G. Aedeagus (lateral, parameres apex). H. Metafemur. A–B, D–E. Pseudoserica marmorea Guérin-Méneville, 1831. C, F−H. Mallotarsus spadiceus Blanchard, 1850. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 12 in Macrodactylini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae): primary types of type species and taxonomic changes to the generic classification
Fig. 12. ♂♂. A. Head–prothorax dorsal, tarsus rotated laterally to apex. B. Antenna. C. Protibia−tarsus. D−I. Aedeagus (lateral, parameres apex). J. Metatibia. K. Head−prothorax, ventral. A, F−G. Euryaspis obesa (Burmeister, 1855) comb. nov. B−E. Euryapsis gaudichaudi Blanchard, 1850. H−J. Philochloenia amata nom. nov. K. Philochloenia castaneipennis (Guérin-Méneville, 1831) comb. nov. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 9. A in Macrodactylini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae): primary types of type species and taxonomic changes to the generic classification
Fig. 9. A. Lateroventral detail of male abdomen. B, F, H. Aedeagus, lateral. C. Left paramere. D, G, I. Parameres, apex. E. Parameres, ventral. A−E. Chariodema virescens Blanchard, 1842. F−G. Ceraspis bivulnerata (Germar, 1824). H−I. Faula cornuta Blanchard, 1850. Scale bars = 1 mm.
Fig. 1. Agaocnemis pruina Moser, 1918. A in Macrodactylini (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Melolonthinae): primary types of type species and taxonomic changes to the generic classification
Fig. 1. Agaocnemis pruina Moser, 1918. A. Male habitus, lateral (without some appendages). B. Female abdomen lateral detail. C–D. Aedeagus (lateral, parameres apex). Scale bars = 1 mm.
Figs 6–11 in Morphology of two Mastogloia species (Bacillariophyta) from Lac de Guiers (Senegal) and comparison with the type material of M. braunii
Figs 6–11. Mastogloia braunii Grunow. Scanning electron micrographs (SEM) of valves from the type population (Grunow 23583 – capsule 0645, Vienna, Austria). 6. SEM external view of an entire valve showing the shallow depressions in the axial area, the undulating external raphe branches and the terminal raphe fissures. 7. SEM external detail of the central area. The arrows indicate one row of irregularly scattered rounded pseudoloculi. 8. SEM internal detail of the central area. 9. SEM detail of the valve mantle showing the mantle striae with near the mantle edge, their typical biseriate character. 10. SEM internal view of the striae with the arrangement of the inner areolae. 11. SEM internal detail of the valve apex with the pseudoseptum. Scale bars: 6–9 = 10 µm; 10–11 = 1 µm.
Fig. 3 in Contribution to the Willowsia species having body scales of the long basal rib type: four new species and a redescription of W. qui (Collembola: Entomobryidae)
Fig. 3. Willowsia fascia Zhang & Pan sp. nov. A. Thoracic chaetotaxy. B–C. Abdominal chaetotaxy. B. Abd. I–IV (long sens on Abd. IV incomplete). C. Abd. V. Scale bars: 100 μm.
Fig. 4. Inflorescence types. A. C. argentii Olivar, H.J in Cyrtandra argentii, a new species of Cyrtandra (Gesneriaceae) from the Philippines, and a review of the C. villosissima group
Fig. 4. Inflorescence types. A. C. argentii Olivar, H.J.Atkins & Muellner sp. nov. B. C. ferruginea Merr. C. C. hirtigera H.J.Atkins & Cronk. D. C. villosissima Merr. A, B & D from Co's Digital Flora with permission (Pelser et al. 2011 onwards). C from a living collection in RBGE.
Figs 3–4 in Calidolipeurus, new genus for Lipeurus megalops Piaget, 1880 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Oxylipeurus-complex), with a redescription of the type species and a preliminary key to the Oxylipeurus-complex
Figs 3–4. Calidolipeurus megalops (Piaget, 1880) gen. et comb. nov., based on specimens on slide NHMUK010682491 (NHMUK). 3. Male subgenital plate and terminalia, ventral view. 4. Female subgenital plate and terminalia, ventral view.
Figs 27–37. 27 in Calidolipeurus, new genus for Lipeurus megalops Piaget, 1880 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Oxylipeurus-complex), with a redescription of the type species and a preliminary key to the Oxylipeurus-complex
Figs 27–37. 27. Outline of head and dorsal post-antennal suture of Oxylipeurus inaequalis (Piaget, 1880), redrawn from Mey (1990); original drawing asymmetrical. 28. Male genitalia of Oxylipeurus inaequalis (Piaget, 1880), redrawn from Mey (1990); some details left out for clarity. 29. Ventral view of mesosome of Megalipeurus sinensis Gustafsson et al., 2020, redrawn from original description. 30. Dorsal view of male terminalia of Eiconolipeurus melanotis Carriker, 1945, redrawn from original description; setae not illustrated. 31. Dorsal and ventral views of male terminalia of Afrilipeurus vincentei Kéler, 1953, redrawn from Mey (2010); seta not illustrated. 32. Ventral view of male terminalia and stylus of Talegallipeurus tenuis Mey, 1982, redrawn from original description; setae not illustrated; original illustration asymmetrical (Mey 1982). 33. Ventral view of female terminalia and vulval margin of Talegallipeurus tenuis Mey, 1982, redrawn from original description; setae not illustrated. 34. Outline of male paramere of Sinolipeurus tetraophasis (Clay, 1938), redrawn and simplified from Gustafsson et al. (2020). 35. Outline of male terminalia and stylus of Sinolipeurus tetraophasis (Clay, 1938), redrawn and simplified from Gustafsson et al. (2020). 36. Outline of male paramere of Reticulipeurus ithaginis (Clay, 1938), redrawn and simplified from Gustafsson et al. (2020). 37. Distal section of male genitalia of Epicolinus clavatus (McGregor, 1917), redrawn from Carriker (1945). Abbreviations used: AL = anterior lobes; CL = "claspers"; DPAS = dorsal post-antennal suture; IX–XI = tergopleurites IX–XI; STY = stylus; VM = vulval margin; Y = Y-shaped thickening. Antennae not included in any illustration. Illustrations are not to scale.
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