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Fig. 3 in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex
Fig. 3. Crenicichla aravera sp. nov., live specimens. A. Holotype, ♂ (MLP 11450). B. Paratype, ♂ subadult (MLP 11451, 81.2 mm). C–D. Female paratypes (MLP 11451, 83.3 mm; MLP 11452, 93.7 mm), upper arroyo Piray Guazú on RP20, February 18 2012.
Fig. 1. A in Description of two new species forming a sympatric species pair of Crenicichla (Teleostei: Cichlidae) endemic to the Piray Guazú River in the Paraná River Basin, Misiones, Argentina and belonging to the C. mandelburgeri species complex
Fig. 1. A. Crenicichla ama sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MLP 11446, 105.8 mm). B. Crenicichla aravera sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (MLP 11450, 102.5 mm).
Figs. 9-12 in Notes on the Sardinian endemic Tenuiphantes sardous (Gozo, 1908) n. comb. (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Figs. 9-12 – Su Marmuri cave (Ogliastra, Sardinia). 9, Geographic location in Sardinia (red dot) and cave map with occurrence points of Tenuiphantes sardous n. comb. (blue dots). 10, The sinkhole that gives access to the cave. 11-12, Alive male specimens of Tenuiphantes sardous n. comb. Photographs by Alessandro Infuso (11) and Marco Isaia (12). Cave map was obtained from Catasto Speleologico Regionale Sardegna, available online at www.catasto- speleologicoregionale.sardegna.it.
Figs. 6-8 in Notes on the Sardinian endemic Tenuiphantes sardous (Gozo, 1908) n. comb. (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Figs. 6-8 – Tenuiphantes sardous (Gozo, 1908) n. comb. (Linyphiidae): ♀ from Grutta de Su Marmuri (Sardinia, Italy): 6, epigyne, ventral view; 7, epigyne, dorsal view; 8, epigyne, lateral view. Abbreviations: ds: distal part of the scale; eg: entrance groove; ll: lateral lobes; pmp: posterior median plate; ps: proscapus; sb: scapoid base; st: stretcher. Scale: 0.1 mm in all illustrations. Illustrations by Alessandro Infuso.
Figs. 1-5 in Notes on the Sardinian endemic Tenuiphantes sardous (Gozo, 1908) n. comb. (Araneae: Linyphiidae)
Figs. 1-5 – Tenuiphantes sardous (Gozo, 1908) n. comb. (Linyphiidae): ♂ neootype from Grutta de Su Marmuri (Sardinia, Italy): 1, left palp, lateral view; 2, left palp, ventral view; 3, lamella characteristica; 4, paracymbium; 5, male prosoma and chelicerae in frontal view. Abbreviations: ap: apical part of the paracymbium; cy: cymbium; dsa: distal suprategular apophysis; ep: embolus proper; lc: "lamella characteristica"; lta: lobes of the terminal apophysis, pc: paracymbium; pp: proximal part of the paracymbium; ppe: proximal part of the embolus. Scale: 0.1 mm in all illustrations.. Illustrations by Alessandro Infuso.
Figure 4. A in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)
Figure 4. A. Holotype adult Hyposmocoma desilvai sp. n., DR21D16E.1, DNA00252, reared from a "cigar" type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0902. C. Holotype adult H. makaohuna, DR21D16A.E3, DNA00255, reared from a "candywrapper" type case from Kamehamenui FR. D. Fe- male genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0901. Abbreviations: pa = papilla anales, IX = segment IX.
Figure 3. A in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)
Figure 3. A. Paratype adult of Hyposmocoma kukilakila sp. n., DR21D16B.E1, DNA00228, reared from a "tiny burrito" type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia of same specimen, slide KAA0899. C. Male genitalia, tegumen, ventral view, paratype slide KAA0960. D. Male genitalia, valvae and aedeagus, slide KAA0960, digitally dissected partial valvae with spurs intact below, paratype slide KAA0959. E. Pleural lobes on sternite VIII, slide KAA0959. F. Sternite sclerotization and protruding sternite hook on segment VII, slide KAA0959. Abbreviations: lb = left brachium, rb = right brachium, st = sterigma, sp = spur, la = left anellus lobe, ph = phallus, ra = right anellus lobe, ss = sternite sclerotization, rsh = right sternite hook.
Figure 6 in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)
Figure 6. Larval cases of the new species, all to same scale. A. Hyposmocoma makaohuna, rearing lot DR21D16A, B. H. kamehamenui, rearing lot DR21D16B, C. H. desilvai, larval case of holotype (note case openings on both ends), D. H. starrorum, rearing lot DR21E1A (single case opening), E. H. kukilakila, rearing lot DR21D16B.
Figures 1–7. 1 in First Confirmed Record of Leaf Mining in the Fruitworm Moths (Carposinidae): A New Species Feeding on an Endemic Hawaiian Clermontia (Campanulaceae)
Figures 1–7. 1. Dorsal view of holotype adult of Carposina hahaiella in resting position. 2. Angled view of holotype in resting position; red arrows indicate patches of black raised scales. 3. Pinned holotype. 4. Pediobius sp. parasitoid wasp (UHIM.DNA00075); identification by David Honsberger. 5. Host plant in its native habitat, note invasive kahili ginger plants dominating the undergrowth. 6. Leaf mines on Clermontia in the field. 7. Transmitted light view of live larva feeding in leaf mine.
Figures 8–10. 8 in First Confirmed Record of Leaf Mining in the Fruitworm Moths (Carposinidae): A New Species Feeding on an Endemic Hawaiian Clermontia (Campanulaceae)
Figures 8–10. 8. Composition of transmitted-light scans of dried leaf mines of Carposina hahaiella on Clermontia fauriei. Each leaf has one to three mines, some with a dead larva inside. 9. Holotype female genitalia, specimen UHIM.DNA00096, genitalia slide KAA #0390. 10. Slide mounted larva after DNA-extraction, UHIM.DNA00072, dorsal view of section with head capsule and prolegs.
Figure 2 in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)
Figure 2. Hyposmocoma starrorum sp. n. A. Holotype adult male DR21E1A.E8, DNA00319, reared from a "burrito" type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Female genitalia, slide KAA0898. C. Male holotype genitalia, valvae and tegumen (right bra- chium folded over right valva), slide KAA0897. D. Phallus and ductus ejaculatorius, slide KAA0897. E. Sternite hooks on segment VII, slide KAA0897. F. Pleural lobes on sternite VIII. Abbreviations: sp = spur, la = left anellus lobe, ra = right anellus lobe, lb = left brachium, rb = right brachium, cp = costal process, o = ostium, st = sterigma, lsh = left sternite hook, rsh = right sternite hook.
Figure 1 in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)
Figure 1. Map of East Maui with the 3,433 acres of Kamehamenui Forest Reserve indicated in red. Map tiles by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0. Data by Open- StreetMap, under ODbL.
Figure 5. A in Five New Species of Hawaiian Endemic Fancy Case Caterpillars from a Recently Established Forest Reserve on Maui (Cosmopterigidae: Hyposmocoma)
Figure 5. A. Holotype adult of H. kamehamenui, DR21D16B.E2, DNA00249, reared from a "burrito" type case from Kamehamenui FR. B. Male genitalia of same speci- men, tegumen and brachia, lateral view, slide KAA0900. C. Phallus, same specimen. D. Valvae, same specimen. E. Pleural lobes, same specimen. Abbreviations: rb = right brachium, t = tegumen, sp = spur, ph = phallus.
Fig. 4 in A taxonomic review of the endemic Mexican genus Ceratotrupes Jekel, 1865 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Ceratotrupini), with the description of an unexpected new species from the Sierra Madre del Sur
Fig. 4. Ceratotrupes gonzaloi sp. nov. (CMNC). A–B. Dorsal habitus of male (A) and female (B). C. Details of head and prothorax; arrows indicate posteromedial edge of pronotum without margin. D. Details of cephalic horn and pronotal projection of male. E. Aedeagus in dorsal view. F. Parameres in dorsal view; arrows indicate main differences between C. gonzaloi sp. nov. and C. sturmi. G. Right paramere in lateral view; arrow indicates absence of lobe beneath apical spur.H. Tergite.I. Pleurotergites. J. Phallobase in ventral view; arrow indicates straight margin of ventral lobe. K. Phallobase in dorsal view. L. Phallobase in lateral view; arrow indicates the short bifurcation. M. Internal sac (is) and median struts (ms) in dorsal view. N. Internal sac and median struts in lateral view.
Fig. 2 in A taxonomic review of the endemic Mexican genus Ceratotrupes Jekel, 1865 (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Ceratotrupini), with the description of an unexpected new species from the Sierra Madre del Sur
Fig. 2. Ceratotrupes bolivari Halffter & Martínez, 1962 (CMNC). A–B. Dorsal habitus of male (A) and female (B). C. Detail of the elliptical groove of the last antennal lamella. D–E. Aedeagus in dorsal (D) and lateral view (E).
Population genomic evidence that stream networks structure genetic diversity in the narrowly endemic patch-nosed salamander (Urspelerpes brucei)
<p>Described in 2009, the Patch-nosed Salamander (<em>Urspelerpes brucei</em>) is a miniature species of lungless salamander with a geographic range of only ~45 km<sup>2</sup>. This species is endemic to the foothills of the Appalachian Mountains in extreme northeastern Georgia and northwestern South Carolina. The Tugaloo River—a waterway of some 50 m in width that forms the political boundary between the two states—bisects the tiny range of <em>U. brucei</em> and likely acts as a barrier to gene flow. Using RADcap data and a suite of complementary population genomic analyses, we evaluated the role that this river and its tributaries may play in enabling and/or interrupting gene flow among populations of <em>U. brucei</em>, and we investigated patterns of within-population and between-population genetic variation. Our results revealed a general pattern of isolation-by-stream distance and indicated that a population separated by the Tugaloo River is moderately more differentiated than what is explainable by stream distance alone. Unique in both its physiography and geologic history, this region in which <em>U. brucei</em> lives also harbors more than a dozen other species of lungless salamanders. Therefore, the genetic patterns that we have elucidated may have larger implications for differentiation among populations of other species with similar dispersal abilities.</p>
Data from: Phenotypic plasticity and genetic diversity shed light on endemism of rare Boechera perstellata and its potential vulnerability to climate warming
<p>Premise of the study: The rapid pace of contemporary environmental change puts many species at risk, especially rare species constrained by limited capacity to adapt or migrate due to low genetic diversity and/or fitness. But the ability to acclimate can provide another way to persist through change. We compared the capacity of rare <em>Boechera perstellata</em> (Braun's rockcress) and widespread <em>B. laevigata</em> to acclimate to change.</p> <p>Methods: We investigated the phenotypic plasticity of growth, biomass allocation, and leaf morphology of individuals of <em>B. perstellata</em> and <em>B. laevigata</em> propagated from seed collected from several populations throughout their ranges in a growth chamber experiment to assess their capacity to acclimate. Concurrently, we assessed the genetic diversity of sampled populations using 17 microsatellite loci to assess evolutionary potential.</p> <p>Key results: Plasticity was limited in both rare <em>B. perstellata</em> and widespread <em>B. laevigata</em>, but differences in the plasticity of root traits between species suggest that <em>B. perstellata</em> may have less capacity to acclimate to change. In contrast to its widespread congener, <em>B. perstellata</em> exhibited no plasticity in response to temperature and weaker plastic responses to water availability. As expected, <em>B. perstellata</em> also had lower levels of observed heterozygosity than <em>B. laevigata</em> at the species level, but population-level trends in diversity measures were inconsistent due to high heterogeneity among <em>B. laevigata</em> populations.</p> <p>Conclusions: Overall, the ability of phenotypic plasticity to broadly explain the rarity of <em>B. perstellata</em> vs. commonness of <em>B. laevigata </em>is limited. However, some contextual aspects of our plasticity findings compared with its relatively low genetic variability may shed light on the narrow range and habitat associations of <em>B. perstellata</em> and suggest its vulnerability to climate warming due to acclimatory and evolutionary constraints.</p>
Fig. 12 in Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another
Fig. 12. Gulella libertas sp. nov., holotype (NMSA W9287/T4601), length 2.6 mm, width 1.2 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. Detail of aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus.
Fig. 10 in Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another
Fig. 10. Gulella nkandla sp. nov., holotype (NMSA-Mol 0P2361/T4610), length 3.8 mm, width 1.9 mm. A. Aperture view. B. Side view. C. Detail of aperture. D. Oblique view of base showing umbilicus.
Fig. 9 in Seven new narrowly endemic species of Gulella Pfeiffer, 1856 from eastern South Africa (Gastropoda, Streptaxidae) and status revision for another
Fig. 9. Distribution map of Gulella hlathikhulu sp. nov. (green circles), G. nkandla sp. nov. (yellow triangles), G. mystica sp. nov. (red squares) and G. libertas sp. nov. (blue circle) in north-central KwaZulu-Natal. Contours at 1000 m and 2000 m.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.