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FIGURE 6. T in Molecular phylogenetic and historical biogeographical relationships of Laudakia (Squamata: Agamidae) and intraspecific differentiation of L. stoliczkana inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

FIGURE 6. T-test results for morphological indicators. (F = females, M = males, N = northern Xinjiang, S = south Xinjiang)

FIGURE 5 in Molecular phylogenetic and historical biogeographical relationships of Laudakia (Squamata: Agamidae) and intraspecific differentiation of L. stoliczkana inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

FIGURE 5. The morphology and tail of Laudakia stoliczkana subspecies. (A & a: L. s. altaica; B & b: L. s. stoliczkana)

FIGURE 4 in Molecular phylogenetic and historical biogeographical relationships of Laudakia (Squamata: Agamidae) and intraspecific differentiation of L. stoliczkana inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

FIGURE 4. The estimation of divergence time for Laudakia. (Note: Values are estimated divergence times, and the blue bars are 95% confidence intervals HPD)

FIGURE 3 in Molecular phylogenetic and historical biogeographical relationships of Laudakia (Squamata: Agamidae) and intraspecific differentiation of L. stoliczkana inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

FIGURE 3. Bayesian phylogenetic trees of Laudakia species on tandem sequences (CO1 and 16S). (note: the values of nodes near is BPP/BS).

FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogenetic and historical biogeographical relationships of Laudakia (Squamata: Agamidae) and intraspecific differentiation of L. stoliczkana inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

FIGURE 2. Bayesian phylogenetic trees of Laudakia on the sequenced of COI. (note: the values of nodes near is BPP/BS).

FIGURE 1 in Molecular phylogenetic and historical biogeographical relationships of Laudakia (Squamata: Agamidae) and intraspecific differentiation of L. stoliczkana inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequences

FIGURE 1. Bayesian phylogenetic trees of Laudakia on the sequenced of 16S. (note: the values of nodes near is BPP/BS).

FIG. 5 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)

FIG. 5. Body shape relationships among darter species (PC1 vs. PC2) based on 12 homologous landmarks used in geometric morphometric analyses. The molecular phylogeny is overlaid to illustrate phylogenetic–morphological relationships among species. Gray wireframe warped grids show body shape extremes along PC1 (48.25% of variation) and PC2 (18.85% of variation). All warped grids are magnified 2.5 times in order to better illustrate changes in variation across each axis. Darter line drawings depict E. blennioides (lower left in morphospace) and N. rufilineatus (upper right in morphospace), and each shows the locations of the 12 homologous landmarks included. Phylogenetic niche conservatism of PC1 (determined by Blomberg's K value) can be visualized in the figure.

FIG. 2 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)

FIG. 2. Map of Duck River drainage showing the 15 study sites. Inserted panel depicts an overview of the location of the Duck River drainage in Tennessee, USA.

FIG. 4 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)

FIG. 4. Ultrametric tree including all darter species known to occur in the Duck River drainage (regional species pool). Species present at each site are illustrated as circles, and abundances are represented by size of circles (i.e., circle sizes are sqrt transformed abundances). For reference, the greatest abundance of a species collected from a single site during the study was E. zonale (site nine; n ¼ 43). Different circle shades represent the different species. Sites one through 15 are depicted from upstream to downstream (left to right). Encircled nodes indicate the two main clades in which species were phylogenetically clustered. See Data Accessibility for tree file.

FIG. 3 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)

FIG. 3. Scatterplots depicting relationships between assemblages and degree of clustering or evenness based on the Net Relatedness Index (NRI) and Nearest Taxon Index (NTI) standard effect size metrics (SESmetrics). Positive values indicate phylogenetic clustering and negative values indicate phylogenetic evenness. NRI values are black circles and NTI values are open triangles (*indicate significant phylogenetic structure in assemblages [P 0.05]). (A) Depicts analyses based on species presence/absence within each assemblage, and (B) depicts analyses including weighted abundances, and therefore indicates relationships among individuals within assemblages.

FIG. 1 in Contemporary and Historical Species Relationships Reveal Assembly Mechanism Intricacies among Co-occurring Darters (Percidae: Etheostomatinae)

FIG. 1. Schematic diagram depicting influences of habitat filtering and/or competitive exclusion and the hypothetical data patterns generated by these two mechanisms across three assembly scenarios. Interpretation of data patterns for each scenario is influenced by the presence of niche conservatism (i.e., whether closely related species have retained ecologically important ancestral traits) or by the presence of convergence in habitat use among co-occurring species. Regional species pool phylogenies and the predicted scenario outcomes are encompassed by boxes (A, B, and C). Darter morphology is shown primarily by the darter silhouettes on the tree tips, and secondarily by darter color shade. Therefore, darter morphology is depicted as conserved in all three scenarios. Habitat use for each ''species'' is indicated by the size of the boxes located above each darter depiction in each scenario (e.g., darters with similar sized boxes have similar habitat use). Hypothetical assemblages containing four species each are depicted below each regional species phylogeny, and active assembly mechanisms related to each assemblage outcome (habitat filtering or competitive exclusion) are indicated to the left. Associated phylogenetic (phylo) and habitat use (habitat) patterns are indicated by the terms ''clustering'' or ''evenness'' within each possible outcome.

FIG. 4 in Staggered-Entry Analysis of Breeding Phenology and Occupancy Dynamics of Arizona Toads from Historically Occupied Habitats of New Mexico, USA

FIG. 4. Estimated detection probability from the simple multi-season model fitted with calling data from historical and control sites, based on the relationship between detection and Julian date from the simple multi-season occupancy model. Julian values represent only the values present in our data set and range from 1 March to 30 May (Julian days 60–150).

FIG. 3 in Staggered-Entry Analysis of Breeding Phenology and Occupancy Dynamics of Arizona Toads from Historically Occupied Habitats of New Mexico, USA

FIG. 3. Estimated probabilities of yearly occupancy (y-axis; 6 95% CI) from the historically occupied (orange) and control (blue) sites for the (A) staggered-entry model (SE) and the (B) simple multi-season (SMS) model. Dotted error bars represent years when surveys were not conducted.

FIG. 2 in Staggered-Entry Analysis of Breeding Phenology and Occupancy Dynamics of Arizona Toads from Historically Occupied Habitats of New Mexico, USA

FIG. 2. Estimated probabilities of Arizona Toads entering sites between subsequent surveys (orange), given that they have not previously entered, based on the estimated relationship between entry and Julian date. Estimated probabilities of Arizona Toad departing sites between subsequent surveys (blue), given that they are already present, based on the estimated relationship between departure and Julian date. Yellow points show the probabilities that toads were available to be detected for each day. Julian values range from 1 March to 30 May.

FIG. 1 in Staggered-Entry Analysis of Breeding Phenology and Occupancy Dynamics of Arizona Toads from Historically Occupied Habitats of New Mexico, USA

FIG. 1. Study area in southwestern New Mexico showing historically occupied (n ¼ 86; red circles) and control (n ¼ 59; blue triangles) waterbodies sampled during the 2013–2016 and 2019 breeding seasons for the Arizona Toads (Anaxyrus microscaphus). Filled shapes represent sites where we detected toads at least once, and open shapes represent sites where we never detected toads. Basemap by Stamen Design, under CC BY 3.0.

opennotspecifiedJun 2022View details →

Figs. 1–4 in Detective Stories from Historical Collections: The Case of Eumolpus hobsoni Curtis, 1840 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Eumolpinae)

Figs. 1–4. Xanthonia decemnotata: 1) Neotype; 2) Labels of neotype. Eumolpus hobsoni: 3) Holotype; 4) Label of holotype.

Historic version of the Environments - EOL project: archive from EOL v2

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Historic version of the Environments - EOL project: updated source files from partner

The version we had been using is "eol_env_annotations_noParentTerms.tar.gz"

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2024View details →

Supplementary materials for Quantifying historical and future surface soil moisture drying using deep learning and remote sensing

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