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12,455 results for “Promoters”
Content that Promotes Intent to Change Data
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The lateral habenula integrates age and experience to promote social transitions in developing rats
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Supplementary material 1 from: Lamarre GPA, Juin Y, Lapied E, Le Gall P, Nakamura A (2018) Using field-based entomological research to promote awareness about forest ecosystem conservation. Nature Conservation 29: 39-56. https://doi.org/10.3897/natureconservation.29.26876
Supplementary figures :
Supporting Data for computational analysis in Nanoplastics Potentiate Alzheimer's Pathogenesis by Promoting the Microglial Escape of Amyloid Beta
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Insights into antibiotic resistance promoted by quinolone exposure
<p>These data were collected as part of a study looking into the effect of exposing <em>E. coli</em> MG1655 to sub-MIC concentrations of quinolones and other antibiotics. See abstract below:</p> <p>Quinolone-induced antibiotic resistance (QIAR) refers to the phenomenon by which bacteria exposed to sub-lethal levels of quinolones acquire resistance to non-quinolone antibiotics. We have explored this in Escherichia coli MG1655 using a variety of compounds and bacteria carrying a quinolone-resistance mutation in gyrase, mutations affecting the SOS response and mutations in error-prone polymerases. The nature of the antibiotic-resistance</p> <p>mutations was determined by whole-genome sequencing. Exposure to low levels of most quinolones tested led to mutations conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, kanamycin and tetracycline. The mutations included point mutations and deletions, and could mostly be correlated with the resistance phenotype. QIAR depended upon DNA gyrase, and involved the SOS response but was not dependent on error-prone polymerases. Only moxifloxacin, among the quinolones tested, did not display a significant QIAR effect. We speculate that the lack of QIAR with moxifloxacin may be attributable to it acting via a different mechanism. In addition to the concerns about antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to quinolones and other compounds, QIAR presents an additional challenge in relation to the usage of quinolone antibacterials.</p>
LEGAL FRAMEWORKS FOR PROMOTING GENDER EQUALITY IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
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Xylose utilization promotes Salmonella replication within macrophages and systemic infection in mice
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Lowering the switching cost related to the activation of burdensome gene circuits promotes cell population homogeneity and productivity
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A novel role for Eip74EF in male reproduction in promoting sperm elongation at the cost of fecundity
<p>Spermatozoa are the most morphologically variable cell type, yet little is known about genes controlling natural variation in sperm shape. <i>Drosophila</i> fruit flies have evolved the longest sperm known, which are evolving under postcopulatory sexual selection, driven by sperm competition and cryptic female choice. Long sperm outcompete short sperm but primarily when females have long seminal receptacles (SRs), the primary sperm storage organ. Thus, selection on sperm length is mediated by SR length, and the two traits are coevolving across the <i>Drosophila</i> lineage, driven by a genetic correlation and fitness advantage of long sperm and long SR genotypes in both males and females. <i>Ecdysone induced protein 74EF </i>(<i>Eip74EF</i>)<i> </i>is rapidly evolving under positive selection in <i>Drosophila</i>, and it is expressed during post-meiotic stages of spermatogenesis, when spermatid elongation occurs. Partial knockdown of <i>Eip74EF</i> leads to shorter sperm but does not affect SR length, suggesting that <i>Eip74EF</i> is involved in promoting spermatid elongation but is not a genetic driver of male-female coevolution. We also found that <i>Eip74EF </i>knockdown has opposing effects on fecundity in males and females, with an increase in fecundity for males but a decrease in females, consistent with its documented role in oocyte maturation. It is possible that knockdown males produce more sperm that are also shorter, which would explain the increase in fecundity, but this hypothesis remains to be tested. Our results document a novel function of <i>Eip74EF</i> in spermatogenesis and demonstrates that this gene influences both male and female reproductive success.</p>
Data from: When Darwin's special difficulty promotes diversification in insects
Eusociality, Darwin's special difficulty, has been widely investigated but remains a topic of great debate in organismal biology. Eusocial species challenge existing theories, and the impact of highly integrated societies on diversification dynamics is controversial with opposing assertions and hypotheses in the literature. Here, using phylogenetic approaches in termites – the first group that has evolved eusociality – we assessed the fundamental prediction that eusocial lineages have higher diversification rates than non-eusocial clades. We found multiple lines of evidence that eusociality provided higher diversification as compared to non-eusociality. This is particularly exacerbated for eusocial species with 'true' workers as compared to species with 'false' workers. Because most species with 'true' workers have an entirely prokaryotic microbiota, the latter feature is also related to higher diversification rates, but it should be investigated further, notably in relation to angiosperm diversification. Overall, this study suggests that societies with 'true' workers are not only more successful at ecological timescales but also over millions of years, which further implies that both organism- and species-level traits act on species selection.
CircRPPH1 promotes cell proliferation, migration and invasion of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) via the PI3K/AKT and JAK2/STAT3 signaling axes
<p>original numerical data before creating graphs</p>
Data from: Inaccurate color discrimination by pollinators promotes evolution of discrete color polymorphism in food-deceptive flowers
Many plant species employing food-deceptive pollination strategy show discrete or continuous floral polymorphism within their populations. Previous studies have suggested that negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS) caused by learning behavior of pollinators was responsible for maintenance of floral polymorphism. However, NFDS alone does not explain why and when discrete or continuous polymorphism evolves. In this study, we use an evolutionary simulation model to propose that inaccurate discrimination of flower colors by pollinators results in evolution of discrete flower color polymorphism. Simulations showed that associative learning based on inaccurate discrimination in pollinators caused disruptive selection of flower colors. The degree of inaccuracy determined the number of discrete flower colors that evolved. Our results suggest that animal behavior based on inaccurate discrimination may be a general cause of disruptive selection that promotes discrete trait polymorphism.
Data from: Diversity increases indirect interactions, attenuates the intensity of competition, and promotes coexistence
A fundamental assumption of coexistence theory is that competition inevitably decreases species diversity. Consequently, in the quest to understand the ecological regulators of diversity, there has been a great deal of focus on processes with the potential to reduce competitive exclusion. However, the notion that competition must decrease diversity is largely based on the outcome of two-species interaction experiments and models, despite the fact that species rarely interact only in pairs in natural systems. In a field experiment, we found that competition among native perennial plants in multispecies assemblages was far weaker than competition between those same species in pairwise arrangements and that indirect interactions appeared to weaken direct competitive effects. These results suggest that community assembly theory based on pairwise approaches may overestimate the strength of competition and likelihood of competitive exclusion in species-rich communities. We also found that Centaurea stoebe, a North American invader, retained strong competitive effects when competing against North American natives in both pairwise and multispecies assemblages. Our experimental results support an emerging body of theory suggesting that complex networks of competing species may generate strong indirect interactions that can maintain diversity and that ecological differentiation may not be necessary to attenuate competition.
Data from: Social status and personality: stability in social state can promote consistency of behavioural responses
Stability of 'state' has been suggested as an underlying factor explaining behavioural stability and animal personality (i.e. variation among, and consistency within individuals in behavioural responses), but the possibility that stable social relationships represent such states remains unexplored. Here, we investigated the influence of social status on the expression and consistency of behaviours by experimentally changing social status between repeated personality assays. We used male domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus), a social species that forms relatively stable dominance hierarchies, and showed that behavioural responses were strongly affected by social status, but also by individual characteristics. The level of vigilance, activity and exploration changed with social status, whereas boldness appeared as a stable individual property, independent of status. Furthermore, variation in vocalization predicted future social status, indicating that individual behaviours can both be a predictor and a consequence of social status, depending on the aspect in focus. Our results illustrate that social states contribute to both variation and stability in behavioural responses, and should therefore be taken into account when investigating and interpreting variation in personality.
Data from: Crowded developmental environment promotes adult sex-specific nutrient consumption in a polyphagous fly
Background: The fitness of holometabolous insects depends largely on resources acquired at the larval stage. Larval density is an important factor modulating larval resource-acquisition, influencing adult survival, reproduction, and population maintenance. To date, however, our understanding of how larval crowding affects adult physiology and behaviour is limited, and little is known about how larval crowding affects adult non-reproductive ecological traits. Here, larval density in the rearing environment of the polyphagous fruit fly Bactrocera tryoni ('Queensland fruit-fly') was manipulated to generate crowded and uncrowded larval treatments. The effects of larval crowding on pupal weight, adult emergence, adult body weight, energetic reserves, fecundity, feeding patterns, flight ability, as well as adult predation risk were investigated. Results: Adults from the crowded larval treatment had lower adult emergence, body weight, energetic reserves, flight ability and fecundity compared to adults from the uncrowded larval treatment. Adults from the crowded larval treatment had greater total food consumption (i.e., consumption of yeast plus sucrose) relative to body weight for both sexes compared to adults from the uncrowded treatment. Furthermore, males from the crowded treatment consumed more yeast relative to their body weight than males from the uncrowded treatment, while females from the crowded treatment consumed more sucrose relative to their body weight than females from the uncrowded treatment. Importantly, an interaction between the relative consumptions of sucrose and yeast and sex revealed that the density of conspecifics in the developmental environment differentially affects feeding of adult males and females. We found no effect of larval treatment on adult predation probability. However, males were significantly more likely to be captured by ants than females. Conclusion: We show that larvae crowding can have important implications to ecological traits in a polyphagous fly, including traits such as adult energetic reserve, flight ability, and adult sex-specific nutrient intake. Our findings contextualise the effects of larval developmental conditions into a broad ecological framework, hence providing a better understanding of their significance to adult behaviour and fitness. Furthermore, the knowledge presented here can help us better understanding downstream density-dependent effects of mass rearing conditions of this species, with potential relevance to Sterile Insect Technique.
Non-native plant removal and high rainfall years promote post-fire recovery of Artemisia californica in southern California sage scrub
<p>Non-native plant invasions, changes in fire regime, and increasing drought stress all pose important threats to biodiverse mediterranean-climate shrublands. These factors can also interact, with fire and drought potentially creating opportunities for non-native species to establish dominance before native shrubs recover. We carried out post-fire demographic monitoring of the common native shrub <i>Artemisia californica</i> in a southern California sage scrub fragment for 7 years, including several with very low rainfall. Experimental removals of non-native plants were included for the first 4 years. We quantified <i>A. californica</i> post-fire crown resprouting and seedling emergence, and tested effects of precipitation, non-native plants, and their interactions on seedling and adult survival. Only 7 <i>A. californica</i> were confirmed as resprouts; almost all individuals established after the fire from seedlings, with 90% of emergence occurring in the second growing year after fire (spring 2015). Higher spring precipitation increased both adult and seedling survival. Non-native grasses and forbs rapidly recolonized control plots, but the removal treatment reduced non-native cover by nearly 60%. For seedlings, non-native removal reduced the probability of dropping leaves by start of summer drought and increased survival both directly and through positive interactions with rainfall. Non-native removal also reduced mortality in smaller adult plants. By 2020, mean <i>A. californica</i> canopy area was nearly four times greater in non-native removal plots. These findings reinforce the high vulnerability of sage scrub habitat to post-fire loss of shrub cover and potential type conversion, particularly with increasing drought frequency and in stands and species with limited crown resprouting. Yet they also illustrate the potential for targeted management of non-natives immediately after fire to promote recovery of native shrubs in this increasingly endangered community.</p>
Epidermal Growth Factor signaling promotes sleep through a combined series and parallel neural circuit
<p>Sleep requires sleep-active neurons that depolarize to inhibit wake circuits. Sleep-active neurons are under the control of homeostatic mechanisms that determine sleep need. However, little is known about the molecular and circuit mechanisms that translate sleep need into the depolarization of sleep-active neurons. During many stages and conditions in <i>C. elegans</i>, sleep requires a sleep-active neuron called RIS. Here, we defined the transcriptome of RIS to discover that genes of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) signaling pathway are expressed in RIS. With cellular stress, EGFR directly activates RIS. Activation of EGFR signaling in the ALA neuron has previously been suggested to promote sleep independently of RIS. Unexpectedly, we found that ALA activation promotes RIS depolarization. Our results suggest that ALA is a drowsiness neuron with two separable functions. (1) It inhibits specific behaviors such as feeding independently of RIS, (2) and it activates RIS. Whereas ALA plays a strong role in surviving cellular stress, surprisingly, RIS does not. In summary, EGFR signaling can depolarize RIS by an indirect mechanism through activation of the ALA neuron that acts upstream of the sleep-active RIS neuron as well as through a direct mechanism using EGFR signaling in RIS. ALA-dependent drowsiness rather than RIS-dependent sleep bouts appears to be important for increasing survival following cellular stress, suggesting that different types of behavioral inhibition play different roles in restoring health.</p>
Improved nutritional status may promote an "asset protection" reproductive strategy in male rock lizards
<p><span>Investing in the current reproduction requires diverting energy resources from other metabolic functions, which may compromise future reproduction and lifespan. To solve this trade-off, an individual may consider its labile state to decide how much to invest in current reproduction. We tested experimentally whether the "state quality" of male rock lizards influences their reproductive strategies. To improve the nutritional status of males before the mating season, we captured and supplemented experimental males (<i>N</i> = 20) with dietary vitamin D<sub>3</sub> (an essential nutrient for lizards) and had a control group of males (<i>N</i> = 20). Then, we released all these males and females (<i>N</i> = 31) in a large semi-natural outdoor enclosure where lizards could interact and mate freely during the mating period. Activity levels of males did not vary between treatments, but supplemented males started fewer intrasexual agonistic interactions and made fewer mating advances to females. When the mating season ended, we incubated eggs laid by females to obtain the offspring and estimated the paternity of males using DNA microsatellites. Supplemented males sired fewer offspring than control males. These results suggest that vitamin D<sub>3</sub> supplemented males used a low risk/less costly mating strategy to protect their assets (i.e. vitamin D reserves), but that still resulted in "some" current reproductive success, while likely increasing longevity and the expected future total reproductive success.</span></p>
Rugged relief and climate promote isolation and divergence between two neotropical cold-associated birds
<p><span>The role of historical factors in establishing patterns of diversity in tropical mountains has been of interest for some time. In these regions, the historical processes of range fragmentation and contraction followed by dispersal are thought to be mediated by the interplay between rugged relief and climate fluctuations and likely explain most of the dynamics of diversification in plants and animals. Although empirical studies addressing the interaction between climate and topography have provided invaluable insights into population divergence and speciation patterns in tropical montane organisms, a more detailed and robust test of such processes in an explicit spatio-temporal framework is still lacking. Consequently, our ability to gain insights into historical range shifts over time and the genomic footprint left by them is limited. <span><span><span>Here we used niche modeling and subgenomic population-level datasets to explore the evolution of two species of warbling finches disjunctly distributed across t</span></span></span>he Montane Atlantic Forest, a Neotropical region <span><span><span>with</span></span></span><span><span><span> complex geological and environmental histor</span></span></span>ies<span><span><span>. Population structure inferences suggest a scenario of three genetically differentiated populations, which are congruent with both geography and phenotypic variation. Demographic simulations support </span></span></span><span><span><span>asynchronous</span></span></span><span><span><span> isolation of these populations as recently as ~40 kya, relatively stable population sizes over recent time, and past gene flow su</span></span></span>bsequent to divergence<span><span><span>. Throughout the last 800 ky, niche models predicted extensive expansion into lowland areas with increasing overlap of species distributions during glacial periods, with prominent retractions and isolation into higher altitudes during interglacials, which are in line with signs of introgression of currently isolated populations. These results support a dual role of cyclical climatic changes: population divergence and persistence in mountain tops during warm periods followed by periods of expansion and admixture in lower elevations during cold periods. Shallow genetic divergence could be associated with undiscovered cryptic diversity in this global biodiversity hotspot. </span></span></span></span></p>
Figure S3 in Aedeagus evolution promotes speciation? A primary pattern in rove beetle phylogeny
Figure S3. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree for the partitioned combined analysis of four genes. Only bootstrap values above 60 are shown. Colored branches represent the mainly monophyletic groups resolved in the phylogenetic inference. Black bars represent the suprageneric taxa of the subfamily Staphylininae: thick bars denote tribes; thin bars denote subtribes of Staphylinini. Grey bars represent the outgroup. Circled capital letters "A" and "B" refer to two main clades discussed in the text.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.