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opennotspecifiedAug 2023View details →

indicate branches. above MrBayes numbers by inferred The . supports Ixodes of probability subgenera 22 posterior the of Inference 16 from Bayesian ticks of indicate genomes mitochondrial branches below 40 numbers of The sequences. RAxML nucleotide by the inferred from support inferred bootstrap Phylogenies Likelihood . 2 FIGURE Maximum in A new subgenus, Australixodes n. subgen. (Acari: Ixodidae), for the kiwi tick, Ixodes anatis Chilton, 1904, and validation of the subgenus Coxixodes Schulze, 1941 with a phylogeny of 16 of the 22 subgenera of Ixodes Latreille, 1795 from entire mitochondrial genome sequences

indicate branches. above MrBayes numbers by inferred The . supports Ixodes of probability subgenera 22 posterior the of Inference 16 from Bayesian ticks of indicate genomes mitochondrial branches below 40 numbers of The sequences. RAxML nucleotide by the inferred from support inferred bootstrap Phylogenies Likelihood . 2 FIGURE Maximum

opennotspecifiedMar 2023View details →

Fig. 2 in Absolute configuration of spiro-flavostilbenoids from Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies: First indication of (2R)-naringenin as the key building block

Fig. 2. Comparison of experimental and calculated ECD spectra of compounds 3–12. * Mirror image (enantiomer) of the calculated ECD spectrum used for comparison.

opennotspecifiedMar 2023View details →

Fig. 3 in Absolute configuration of spiro-flavostilbenoids from Yucca schidigera Roezl ex Ortgies: First indication of (2R)-naringenin as the key building block

Fig. 3. Proposed biogenetic route of spiro-flavostilbenoids (3–8, 9–12) and spiro-biflavonoids (13–15). Letters A1/B1 represent phenol subunits (except for 2) and are not shown in subsequent chemical structures; letters A2/B2 represent resorcinol rings.

Fig. 3 in Alkaloid and iridoid glucosides from Palicourea luxurians (Rubiaceae: Palicoureeae) indicate tryptamine- and tryptophan-iridoid alkaloid formation apart the strictosidine pathway

Fig. 3. Most relevant correlations of isoalstrostine A (1) and dehydrorudgeifoline (2) indicated by correlation peaks in COSY (green), HMBC (red) and ROESY (blue), which are used for structure elucidation. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Alkaloid and iridoid glucosides from Palicourea luxurians (Rubiaceae: Palicoureeae) indicate tryptamine- and tryptophan-iridoid alkaloid formation apart the strictosidine pathway

Fig. 2. Structures of iridoids isolated from leaves and stem bark of Palicourea luxurians are asperuloside (6), secoxyloganin (7), demethylsecologanol (8), secologanic acid (9) and sweroside (10). Furthermore, the secologanin isolation artifacts (E)-aldosecologanin (11), secologanin dimethyl acetal (12), secologanin di-n-butyl acetal (13) as well as both diastereomeres of secologanin n-butyl methyl acetal (14a/14b) are shown. Compounds 6 and 7 have been isolated from the stem bark, all other compounds have been isolated from the leaves.

Fig. 1 in Alkaloid and iridoid glucosides from Palicourea luxurians (Rubiaceae: Palicoureeae) indicate tryptamine- and tryptophan-iridoid alkaloid formation apart the strictosidine pathway

Fig. 1. Structures of the isolated tryptamine-iridoid alkaloids and the tryptophan-iridoid alkaloid from leaves of Palicourea luxurians: Isoalstrostine A (1), dehydrorudgeifoline (2), alstrostine A (3), javaniside (4) and 5α-carboxystrictosidine (5). The glucoside moieties are shown as D-glycosides for compounds 1 to 5 as well as for all other isolated glycosides 6 to 14a/14b (Fig. 2), but have not been proven in all cases due to low available amounts.

Fig. 6 in Alkaloid and iridoid glucosides from Palicourea luxurians (Rubiaceae: Palicoureeae) indicate tryptamine- and tryptophan-iridoid alkaloid formation apart the strictosidine pathway

Fig. 6. Possible pathways, leading to alstrostine-type as well as to isoalstrostine-type alkaloid structures. In the first step (a) an alline-like intermediate with two secondary amine functions is generated by oxidation and cyclization of tryptamine (Nakagawa and Hino, 1977). Subsequent in step (b), two secologanin molecules react with both secondary amine functions gaining two enamine moieties. In the following steps (c1/c2) and (d1/d2), protonation of one of the two enamine functions leads to the formation of a sixmembered ring with an iminium ion moiety. Depending on the location of the initial protonation in step (d1/d2), the six-membered ring carries its substituents either in position 3′ (–CH2–R) and 14 (-R), or in position 3 (–CH2–R) and 14′ (-R), respectively. The final deprotonation (e1/e2) leads in both cases to the formation of the enamine and thus results in the alstrostine-type or the isoalstrostine-type structure, respectively. Structure of residue "R" is shown in the box. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 5 in Alkaloid and iridoid glucosides from Palicourea luxurians (Rubiaceae: Palicoureeae) indicate tryptamine- and tryptophan-iridoid alkaloid formation apart the strictosidine pathway

Fig. 5. Two possible pathways (a and b), both leading to javaniside (4) by a cyclization which is related to the Pictet-Spengler reaction. In pathway (a) tryptamine is oxidized to 2-oxo- tryptamine prior to enamine formation of the amine function with secologanin. In the following Pictet-Spengler reaction comparable rearrangement the spiro-cyclic system as well as the five membered ring are formed according to the mechanism described by Bailey (1987). Alternatively in the similar pathway (b) the enamine is formed prior to the Pictet Spengler-like reaction (Bailey, 1987). Subsequent the imine moiety is oxidized to gain the five membered lactam ring. The intermediate resulting from both possible pathways (a and b) is finally trans- formed to javaniside (4) by saponification and formation of the lactam ring. As no strictosidine or follow-up products have been detected in Palicourea luxurians, the enamine possibly occurring in pathway (b) has barely or not been accepted in a classic Pictet-Spenglerase catalyzed reaction, as indicated in hampered pathway c. Electron pair shifts and formations of new bonds are indicated with red arrows. For structure of the residue "R" see the box in Fig. 6. (For interpretation of the references to colour in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

opennotspecifiedSep 2023View details →

FIGURE4. Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from 694 bp of COI using a HKY+G substitution model implemented in MEGAX (Kumar et al. 2018). Bootstrap values are indicated on the nodes. in --Molecular--and--acoustic--evidence--support--the--species--status--of--Anthus rubescens rubescens and--Anthus [rubescens] japonicus--(Passeriformes:--Motacillidae)

FIGURE4. Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from 694 bp of COI using a HKY+G substitution model implemented in MEGAX (Kumar et al. 2018). Bootstrap values are indicated on the nodes.

opennotspecifiedSep 2023View details →

FIGURE3. Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from 998 bp of CR using a HKY+G substitution model implemented in MEGAX (Kumar et al. 2018). Bootstrap values are indicated on the nodes. in --Molecular--and--acoustic--evidence--support--the--species--status--of--Anthus rubescens rubescens and--Anthus [rubescens] japonicus--(Passeriformes:--Motacillidae)

FIGURE3. Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from 998 bp of CR using a HKY+G substitution model implemented in MEGAX (Kumar et al. 2018). Bootstrap values are indicated on the nodes.

opennotspecifiedSep 2023View details →

FIGURE1. Breeding, migrating and wintering distributions of Palearctic Anthus [rubescens] japonicus and Nearctic Anthus rubescens rubescens/alticola subspecies groups (from BirdLife International 2022; illustration @Andrew Birch). Circles indicate origins of sequenced individuals and triangles indicate origins of analysed recordings of calls. Localities outside of the usual range of the species complex (e.g., Ireland, Oman and Israel) are not figured here. in --Molecular--and--acoustic--evidence--support--the--species--status--of--Anthus rubescens rubescens and--Anthus [rubescens] japonicus--(Passeriformes:--Motacillidae)

FIGURE1. Breeding, migrating and wintering distributions of Palearctic Anthus [rubescens] japonicus and Nearctic Anthus rubescens rubescens/alticola subspecies groups (from BirdLife International 2022; illustration @Andrew Birch). Circles indicate origins of sequenced individuals and triangles indicate origins of analysed recordings of calls. Localities outside of the usual range of the species complex (e.g., Ireland, Oman and Israel) are not figured here.

dryad32/100

A master list of all indicators and metrics, with definitions, ecosystem status component(s) they inform, and source references

Global policies increasingly focus on the importance of maintaining or improving the integrity of ecosystems, but defining, assessing, and monitoring integrity in marine protected areas (MPAs) remains a challenge. In this paper, we conceptualized ecological integrity along dimensions of heterogeneity and stability containing seven components: physical structure, diversity, function, persistence, resistance, resilience, and natural variability. Through a structured literature search, we identified indicators and metrics used for quantifying ecosystem status components in the marine environment, then reviewed MPA management plans worldwide for inclusion of these components. We evaluated 202 papers applying 83 ecological indicators built from 72 metrics. Ecosystem components were most comprehensively addressed by metrics of taxa presence, organisms count, and area occupied by benthic organisms, and community structure, biomass, and percent cover indicators. Of the 557 MPA management plans we reviewed globally, 93% used at least one ecosystem status term or its synonym in an ecologically-relevant context, but 39% did not address any components of stability. In particular, resistance was mentioned in only 1% of management plans, but in some cases it may be inferred from indicators and metrics used to track the best addressed component in management plans – diversity. Plans for MPAs with both an ecological/biological purpose and a research and education purpose contained ecosystem status terms more frequently than other plans, suggesting that engagement with the scientific community may have improved application of these terms. An improved understanding of how to operationalize and measure ecological integrity can help MPA monitoring and management.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

CityLoops - Circular economy indicator set (complete)

This file contains a list of 446 circular economy (CE) indicators compiled by Nordland Research Institute from an extensive review of the CE monitoring framework literature, carried out as part of the Horizon 2020 project CityLoops (GA no. 821033). Frameworks and indicators with relevance for a European city setting were prioritized for inclusion on the list. In the dataset, each indicator is presented with a brief definition and a literature reference and classified along various dimensions to facilitate filtering of the data. The dataset was compiled during the period 2019-2020. Expired hyperlinks were updated in September 2023.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2023View details →

Data and source code of "Refining intra-patch connectivity measures in landscape fragmentation and connectivity indices"

Data and source code related to the article "Refining intra-patch connectivity measures in landscape fragmentation and connectivity indices". <ul> <li>The script "generate_artificial_landscapes.R" was used to produce the artificial landscapes located in the folder "ARTIFICAL_LANDSCAPES". The package rflsgen was used to produce these landscapes.</li> <li>The script "evaluation_artificial_landscapes.R" was used to evaluate these artificial landscapes, in accordance with what is presented in the article. It relies on the intra R package also introduced in the article.</li> <li>The script "evaluation_real_landscape.R" was used to evaluate the Koniambo massif landscape (New Caledonia), according to what is presented in the article. It also relies on the intra R package.</li> </ul>

Neostichopus grammatus monthly gonadosomatic indices and environmental influences

The data follows the gonadal development of the warty sea cucumber, Neostichopus grammatus, through its maturation and spawning seasons. Environmental parameters such as water temperature and daylength are investigated to see whether or not any correlation exists.  Gonads were weighed and compared to body mass to determine the gonadosomatic index values.

ERA5-Land selected indicators daily aggregates for the Latin America region, 1963

This deposit contains NetCDF files with daily aggregates from Copernicus Era5-Land eight selected indicators, covering the Latin America region, for 1963.Each file represents one indicator aggregation for one month of the year. Inside each NetCDF file, the layers contain the daily aggregates.For 2m dewpoint pressure, 10m u component of wind, 10m v component of wind, surface pressure, the mean function was used for aggregation. For total precipitation, the sum function was used for aggregation. For 2m temperature, the functions maximum, mean and minimum were used for aggregation.Those files were created using the <a href="https://github.com/ErikKusch/KrigR">KrigR</a> package.

ERA5-Land selected indicators daily aggregates for the Latin America region, 2009

This deposit contains NetCDF files with daily aggregates from Copernicus Era5-Land eight selected indicators, covering the Latin America region, for 2009.Each file represents one indicator aggregation for one month of the year. Inside each NetCDF file, the layers contain the daily aggregates.For 2m dewpoint pressure, 10m u component of wind, 10m v component of wind, surface pressure, the mean function was used for aggregation. For total precipitation, the sum function was used for aggregation. For 2m temperature, the functions maximum, mean and minimum were used for aggregation.Those files were created using the <a href="https://github.com/ErikKusch/KrigR">KrigR</a> package.

ERA5-Land selected indicators daily aggregates for the Latin America region, 2001

This deposit contains NetCDF files with daily aggregates from Copernicus Era5-Land eight selected indicators, covering the Latin America region, for 2001.Each file represents one indicator aggregation for one month of the year. Inside each NetCDF file, the layers contain the daily aggregates.For 2m dewpoint pressure, 10m u component of wind, 10m v component of wind, surface pressure, the mean function was used for aggregation. For total precipitation, the sum function was used for aggregation. For 2m temperature, the functions maximum, mean and minimum were used for aggregation.Those files were created using the <a href="https://github.com/ErikKusch/KrigR">KrigR</a> package.

ERA5-Land selected indicators daily aggregates for the Latin America region, 2011

This deposit contains NetCDF files with daily aggregates from Copernicus Era5-Land eight selected indicators, covering the Latin America region, for 2011.Each file represents one indicator aggregation for one month of the year. Inside each NetCDF file, the layers contain the daily aggregates.For 2m dewpoint pressure, 10m u component of wind, 10m v component of wind, surface pressure, the mean function was used for aggregation. For total precipitation, the sum function was used for aggregation. For 2m temperature, the functions maximum, mean and minimum were used for aggregation.Those files were created using the <a href="https://github.com/ErikKusch/KrigR">KrigR</a> package.