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Figure 3 from: Pan X-Y, Song Z-K, Qu Z, Liu T-D, Ma H-X (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623
Figure 3 Xylaria lindericola (FCATAS 852, holotype) a, b stromata on leaves c fertile part of stroma d stromatal surface e section through stroma, showing perithecia f ascal apical ring and ascospores with beaked ends in Melzer's reagent g ascus and ascal apical ring in Melzer's reagent h ascus in water i, j ascospores in water k, l ascospore in Melzer's reagent m ascospore in India ink n ascospore in 1% SDS showing germ slit. Scale bars: 1.5 cm (a, b); 0.2 mm (c–e); 10 µm (f–n).
Figure 1 from: Pan X-Y, Song Z-K, Qu Z, Liu T-D, Ma H-X (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623
Figure 1 Phylogenetic tree of Xylaria based on multigene alignment of ITS-TUB-RPB2 in the Bayesian analysis. Bayesian posterior probabilities (≥ 0.95, before the slash markers) and RaxML bootstrap values (≥ 50, after the slash markers) are shown. Different clades are indicated as coloured blocks.
Figure 2 from: Pan X-Y, Song Z-K, Qu Z, Liu T-D, Ma H-X (2022) Three new Xylaria species (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) on fallen leaves from Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park. MycoKeys 86: 47-63. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.86.71623
Figure 2 Xylaria hedyosmicola (FCATAS 856, holotype) a, b, e stromata on leaves (b, FCATAS 857) c stromatal surface d section through stroma, showing a perithecium f immature asci in water g, h ascal apical ring in Melzer's reagent i, j ascospores in Melzer's reagent k ascus in 1% SDS l, m asci and ascal apical ring in Melzer's reagent n ascospore in Melzer's reagent showing straight germ slit o ascospore in Melzer's reagent showing slightly sigmoid germ slit p, q ascospore showing a slimy sheath and non-cellular appendages in India ink. Scale bars: 1 cm (a, b); 0.1 mm (c, d); 0.5 mm (e); 20 µm (f, m); 10 µm (g–l, n–q).
Verification of the accuracy of the recent 50 years of tree growth and long-term change in intrinsic water-use efficiency using xylem Δ14C and δ13C in trees in an aseasonal tropical rainforest
<p>Growth analysis based on tree-ring chronology is difficult in trees in aseasonal tropical rain forests, because annual growth rings may be unclear or completely absent. Fortunately, tree growth history recorded in xylem tissue is capable of providing valuable information on the responses of trees and forests to past and present environmental changes, including global warming.</p> <p>We have developed a new technique for aseasonal tropical forest trees which derives their growth rates from xylem Δ<sup>14</sup>C, and verified its accuracy. We also determined, from xylem δ<sup>13</sup>C, the intrinsic water-use efficiency (iWUE) in the past 50 years. We analyzed changes in xylem Δ<sup>14</sup>C and δ<sup>13</sup>C in 23 canopy trees of 12 species in 6 families growing in Pasoh Forest Reserve, Malaysia; each stem diameter at breast height (DBH) was recorded 14 times from 1969 to 2011.</p> <p>We found a significant positive relationship between the growth rates determined by <sup>14</sup>C dating and the past DBH data. On the other hand, leaf-internal CO<sub>2</sub> (C<sub>i</sub>) content did not change with increasing atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> (C<sub>a</sub>). Thus, the iWUE increased significantly over the last 50 years in all the families and species tested.</p> <p>This study showed that the simultaneous measurements of xylem Δ<sup>14</sup>C and δ<sup>13</sup>C could reveal a long-term change in tree growth and iWUE during the past 50 years with high accuracy in various species and/or individuals in aseasonal tropical rainforests exhibiting high species diversity.</p>
Figure 9 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 9 Male palp of Clubiona parconcinnaA prolateral view B retrolateral view C bulb, prolateral view D bulb, ventral view E bulb, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: C = conductor; E = embolus; PPA = prolateral patellar apophysis; RPA = retrolateral patellar apophysis; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; VTA = ventral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (equal for A, B, equal for C–E).
Figure 89 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 89 Clubiona spp. of the C. corticalis group, vulva, cleared dorsal view AC. cochlearisBC. dengpao sp. nov., holotype CC. yejiei sp. nov., holotype DC. tixing sp. nov., holotype EC. subramaFC. zhigangi sp. nov., paratype. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilisation duct; SH = spermathecal head; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Figure 95 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 95 Clubiona spp. of the C. filicata group, vulva, cleared, dorsal view AC. circulataBC. reichliniCC. grucollarisDC. lalaEC. suthepicaFC. yueya. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilisation duct; SB = spermathecal base; SH = spermathecal head; SP = spermatheca; SS = spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 87 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 87 Clubiona spp. of the C. filicata group, epigyne, cleared, ventral view AC. circulataBC. reichliniCC. grucollarisDC. lalaEC. suthepicaFC. yueya. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AAM = atrial anterior margin; APM = atrial posterior margin; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 85 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 85 Clubiona spp. of the C. ternatensis group (A–E) and the C. trivialis group (F), epigyne, cleared, ventral view AC. mii sp. nov., holotype BC. subkuuCC. theoblickiDC. tongiEC. zhengiFC. bicornis. Abbreviations: A = atrium; CO = copulatory opening; R = epigynal ridge. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 83 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 83 Clubiona spp. of the C. corticalis group, epigyne, cleared, ventral view AC. moralisBC. submoralisCC. parconcinnaDC. multidentataEC. xiaoci sp. nov., paratype FC. subyaginumai. Abbreviations: AAM = atrial anterior margin; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 81 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 81 Clubiona spp. of the C. corticalis group, epigyne, cleared, ventral view AC. cochlearisBC. dengpao sp. nov., holotype CC. yejiei sp. nov., holotype DC. tixing sp. nov., holotype EC. subramaFC. zhigangi sp. nov., paratype. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AM = atrial membrane; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Figure 80 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 80 Clubiona spp., epigyne, intact, ventral view AC. yaoiBC. jiandanCC. wangchengi sp. nov., holotype DC. shuangsi sp. nov., paratype. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AAM = atrial anterior margin; APM = atrial posterior margin; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 91 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 91 Clubiona spp. of the C. corticalis group, vulva, cleared, dorsal view AC. moralisBC. submoralisCC. parconcinnaDC. multidentataEC. xiaoci sp. nov., paratype FC. subyaginumai. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilisation duct; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 8 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 8 Clubiona multidentata, epigyne (A–D), male habitus (E, F) and female habitus (G, H) A intact, ventral view B cleared, ventral view C cleared, dorsal view D cleared, dorsal view E dorsal view F lateral view G dorsal view H ventral view. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilisation duct; SP = spermatheca. Scale bars: 0.1 mm (equal for A–D); 1 mm (equal for E, F, equal for G, H).
Figure 88 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 88 Clubiona spp., epigyne, cleared, ventral view AC. yaoiBC. jiandanCC. wangchengi sp. nov., holotype DC. shuangsi sp. nov., paratype. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AAM = atrial anterior margin; APM = atrial posterior margin; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 94 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 94 Clubiona spp. of the C. trivialis group (A–D) and the C. filicata group (E, F), vulva, cleared, dorsal view AC. cheniBC. menglun sp. nov., holotype CC. subasrevidaDC. subquebecanaEC. banna sp. nov., paratype FC. melanosticta. Abbreviations: BS = bursa; CD = copulatory duct; FD = fertilisation duct; SB = spermathecal base; SH = spermathecal head; SP = spermatheca; SS = spermathecal stalk. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 82 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 82 Clubiona spp. of the C. corticalis group, epigyne, cleared, ventral view AC. xiaokong sp. nov., holotype BC. zhaoi sp. nov., holotype CC. kaiDC. tianeEC. didentataFC. subdidentata sp. nov., holotype. Abbreviations: A = atrium; AM = atrial membrane; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
Figure 78 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 78 Clubiona spp. of the C. trivialis group (A–D) and the C. filicata group (E, F), epigyne, intact, ventral view AC. cheniBC. menglun sp. nov., holotype CC. subasrevidaDC. subquebecanaEC. banna sp. nov., paratype FC. melanosticta. Abbreviations: A = atrium; CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 77 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 77 Clubiona spp. of the C. ternatensis group (A–E) and the C. trivialis group (F), epigyne, intact, ventral view AC. mii sp. nov. holotype BC. subkuuCC. theoblickiDC. tongiEC. zhengiFC. bicornis. Abbreviations: A = atrium; CO = copulatory opening; R = epigynal ridge. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.
Figure 76 from: Zhang J, Yu H, Li S (2021) Taxonomic studies on the sac spider genus Clubiona (Araneae, Clubionidae) from Xishuangbanna Rainforest, China. In: Li S (Ed.) Spiders of Xishuangbanna, China. ZooKeys 1034: 1-163. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1034.59413
Figure 76 Clubiona spp. of the C. corticalis group, epigyne, intact, ventral view AC. kurosawaiBC. pollicaris. Abbreviations: CO = copulatory opening. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.