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4,489 results for “transitivity”
Coldwater fish in a warm water world: implications for predation of salmon smolts during estuary transit
<p>Predator-prey systems face intensifying pressure from human exploitation and a warming climate with implications for where and how natural resource management can successfully intervene. We hypothesized young salmon migrating to the Pacific Ocean face a seasonally intensifying predator gauntlet when warming water temperature intensifies a multiple predator effect (MPE) from Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, and Largemouth Bass Micropterus salmoides. We evaluated this hypothesis using data synthesis and simulation modeling. 2. Contemporary studies based on acoustically-tagged fish reaffirmed older observations that Chinook Salmon smolts must transit the Delta before water temperature reaches 20°C or mortality will be nearly 100%. Striped Bass attack rates on tethered smolts were insensitive to distance from shore and water temperature whereas Largemouth Bass attack rates were highest near shorelines in warm water, supporting the temporal aspect of the hypothesis. Whether the combined effects of the two predators produces an MPE remains unconfirmed due to limitations on quantifying salmon behavior. 4. We used multiple simulation models to try to reconstruct the empirical relationship between smolt survival and water temperature. Simulations reinforced attack rate results, but could not recreate the temperature dependence in smolt survival except at higher than observed temperatures. We propose three hypotheses for why and recommend discerning among them should be a focus of research. 5. We found significant linear relationships between monthly mean inflow to the Delta from each of its two largest tributaries and monthly mean water temperatures along associated salmon migration routes, but these relationships can be nonlinear, with most of the correlation occurring at low inflows when water temperature is largely controlled by air temperature and day length. As the global climate warms, changed circumstances in predator-prey relationships may present important challenges when managing species vulnerable to extinction in addition to presently more abundant species. --</p>
Marked crosswalks in US transit-oriented station areas, 2007–2020: A computer vision approach using street view imagery
<p>This is the supplementary dataset for the article “Marked crosswalks in US transit-oriented station areas, 2007–2020: A computer vision approach using street view imagery” (<a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23998083221112157">https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/23998083221112157</a>) published on Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science. The dataset contains comprehensive information of the presence of marked crosswalks (i.e., parallel-line and high-visibility) at each street intersection within a 250-meter buffer of all US TOD stations for each consecutive year between 2007 and 2020. We describe each field of the dataset below. Most of the column station variable names are taken directly from the National TOD Database from the <a href="https://toddata.cnt.org/">Center for Transit-Oriented Development</a>. </p> <ul> <li>intersecton_id: numeric, unique identifier of each intersection.</li> <li>tod_id: numeric, unique identifier of the associated TOD station. We retain all records of intersections that are associated with multiple TOD stations. </li> <li>year: numeric, one year between 2007 and 2020. </li> <li>plain: numeric, the number of presence of parallel-line crosswalks (bounding boxes) detected among the four 90-degree images at each intersection in that particular year. Zero for the years where GSV are not available. </li> <li>zebra: numeric, the number of presence of high-visibility crosswalks (bounding boxes) detected among the four 90-degree images at each intersection in that particular year. Zero for the years where GSV are not available. </li> <li>impute: binary, 1 if imputed; 0 otherwise. </li> <li>lon_intersection: longitude of each intersection obtained from OSM. </li> <li>lat_intersection: latitude of each intersection obtained from OSM. </li> <li>distance_intersection_to_tod: distance of each intersection from TOD station by meters. </li> <li>Agency: operating transit agency of the associated TOD station. </li> <li>Lines (s): transit lines of the associated TOD station. </li> <li>Station Name: station name of the associated TOD station. </li> <li>Year Opened: the year when the associated station opened. </li> <li>lat_tod: latitude of the associated TOD station obtained from the National TOD Database. </li> <li>lon_tod: longitude of the associated TOD station obtained from the Nation TOD Database. </li> <li>Both: numeric, the total number of marked (parallel-line + high-visibility) crosswalks detected among the four 90-degree images at each intersection in that particular year. </li> <li>plain_b: binary, 1 if presence of parallel-line crosswalk; 0 if otherwise. </li> <li>zebra_b: binary, 1 if presence of high-visibility crosswalk; 0 if otherwise. </li> <li>both_b: binary, 1 if presence of marked crosswalk; 0 if otherwise. </li> </ul>
Dataset from: Lung evolution in vertebrates and the water-to-land transition
<p><span>A </span><span>crucial evolutionary change</span> <span>in vertebrate history was the Palaeozoic (Devonian ~400 million years</span><span> ago</span><span>) water-to-land transition, allowed by key morphological and physiological modifications including the acquisition of lungs. Nonetheless, the origin and early evolution of vertebrate lungs remain highly controversial, particularly whether the ancestral state was paired or unpaired. Due to the rarity of fossil soft tissue preservation, lung evolution can only be traced based on the extant phylogenetic bracket.<strong> </strong>Here we investigate, for the first time, lung morphology in extensive developmental series of key living lunged osteichthyans using synchrotron X-ray microtomography and histology. Our results shed light on the primitive state of vertebrate lungs as unpaired, evolving to be truly paired in the lineage towards the tetrapods. The water-to-land transition confronted</span> <span>profound physiological </span><span>challenges and paired lungs were decisive </span><span>for increasing</span> <span>the surface area and the pulmonary compliance and volume, especially during the air-breathing on land. </span></p>
Computational Screening Data of Transition Metal-Doped CdS for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production
<p>Data access for the paper publication.</p>
FIG. 18. — Masillamys cosensis n in Rongeurs de la localité éocène de Cos (Tarn-et-Garonne, Quercy, France). Comparaison avec les rongeurs de localités de la transition Éocène inférieur/Éocène moyen
FIG. 18. — Masillamys cosensis n. sp. de Cos, dents inférieures: A, UM-Cos 154, rangée dentaire droite, de m1 à m3; A1, vue occlusale; A2, vue buccale; B, UM- Cos 857, rangée dentaire gauche, de m2 à m3; B1, vue occlusale; B2, vue linguale; B3, vue buccale; C, UM-Cos 106, m3 gauche, vue occlusale; D, UM-Cos 103, m3 gauche, vue occlusale; E, UM-Cos 100, m3 gauche, vue occlusale; F, UM-Cos 108, m3 gauche, vue occlusale; G, UM-Cos 109, m3 droite, vue occlusale; H, UM-Cos 96, m3 gauche, vue occlusale. Échelle: 1 mm.
Challenges in the Application of ABNT Standards: A Study on the Transition to Higher Education and Academic Production
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Carbon neutrality transitions from government-dependent towards free trade autonomy renewable markets with grid-demand-storage synergies
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Identification of highly-forbidden optical transitions in highly charged ions
<p>Data to produce the graphs (Fig.1 - Fig.4) in the paper</p>
Transition lists / Pgopher files for Ethanolamine-water complexes
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Impacts of anthropogenic management legacies on forest dynamics of the Tibetan Plateau transition region under changing climates
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Kinematic IMU-based Assessment of Postural Transitions
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Fig. 8. A–G in Variability of conch morphology in a cephalopod species from the Cambrian to Ordovician transition strata of Siberia
Fig. 8. A–G. Phosphatised siphuncle connecting rings of ellesmeroceratid nautiloids (interpreted below as Ruthenoceras elongatum Korde, 1949) from sample Ang-6, block No. 2, probably latest Furongian Ust-kut Formation found at Pashino on the Angara River, Siberia, Russia. ZPAL N. IV/152, 148, 147, 153, 151, 149, 150, respectively. Specimens in dorsal views, also details in higher magnification (B2 and B3; see also Dzik 2010: fig. 7f), except ventral (E1) and lateral (E2) views. ZPAL N. IV/148 and 150 (see also Dzik 2010: fig. 7b and c). H. For comparison the earliest Cambrian (Tommotian) " hyolith" Turcutheca crassaecochlia Syssoiev, 1962, ZPAL MoXX/7 from the Tommotian (Dokidocyathus lenaicus Zone) at Bydyangaia on the Lena River, central Yakutia of possible distant cephalopod affinity, probably mature specimen with displaced embryonic part preserved as a glauconitic internal mold, lateral (H1) and posterior ("ventral") (H2) views (see also Dzik 2010: fig. 7b and c).
Multistep screening of transition metal based homonuclear double atom catalysts to unravel the electronic origin of their activity and selectivity challenges for nitrogen reduction.
<p><span>Lack of robust catalyst design strategies for tackling the selectivity and activity challenges poses serious limitations in the development of efficient catalysts for nitrogen reduction to ammonia. The synergistic interactions in double-atom catalysts (DACs) have aroused great interest in developing promising catalytic centers for nitrogen-reduction reaction (NRR). Using a multistep screening strategy based on systematic first-principles simulations, we find that Fe<sub>2</sub>, Co<sub>2,</sub> and W<sub>2</sub> dimer species impregnated in <span>tetracyanoquinodimethane</span> based monolayer achieve suitable adsorption behaviour for the various NRR intermediates leading to excellent activity and selectivity among the 27 DACs considered in this study for NRR. Here we have uploaded input and output files of studied catalysts and reaction intermediates of NRR</span></p>
Machine learning reveals the influence of the Changbaishan mantle plume sourced from the mantle transition zone on Cenozoic intraplate magmatism in NE China
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Multistep screening of transition metal based homonuclear double atom catalysts to unravel the electronic origin of their activity and selectivity challenges for nitrogen reduction.
<p>We have uploaded input and output files of studied TM2@TCNQ catalysts and NRR intermediates</p>
The lateral habenula integrates age and experience to promote social transitions in developing rats
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Nanoscale brittle-to-ductile transition of the C15 CaAl2 Laves phase
<p>Temperature driven brittle-to-ductile transition of the C15 CaAl2 Laves phase intermetallic</p>
Supplementary material 7 from: Schmidt M, Lischeid G, Nendel C (2018) Data on and methodology for measurements of microclimate and matter dynamics in transition zones between forest and adjacent arable land. One Ecosystem 3: e24295. https://doi.org/10.3897/oneeco.3.e24295
R Script for converting of microclimatic data
FIGURE 1. Arthrobrachus arquatus n in A new species of Arthrobrachus Solier, Arthrobrachus arquatus n. sp. (Coleoptera: Melyridae) from the South American Transition Zone, Argentina
FIGURE 1. Arthrobrachus arquatus n. sp. a: male lateral view, b: female lateral view. Scale 1 mm.
Non-invasive monitoring of a reactive soil transition zone during water table fluctuations using spectral induced polarization (SIP) and electrodic potential (EP)
<p>Transition zones separating the unsaturated and saturated domains in soils are a hotspot for biogeochemical activity. They are challenging to study because they are dynamic, requiring high resolution temporal and spatial data acquisition methods to capture the biogeochemical processes across the water table. Non-invasive geophysical techniques, such as spectral induced polarization (SIP) and electrodic potential (EP), offer comparatively inexpensive monitoring approaches that yield data on changes in soil electrical properties, driven by reactive processes at high spatial and temporal resolutions. We investigated SIP and EP signal variations in artificial soil-filled columns, experiencing periodic water table fluctuations in order to: (1) assess the effectiveness of SIP and EP in monitoring a complex soil transition zone, and (2) couple the measured geophysical signals to changes in physical, chemical and microbial properties. SIP responses showed a clear dependence on the depth-distribution of microbial biomass. Dynamic imaginary conductivity (<em>σ''</em>) responses were only detected in the water table fluctuation zone and, in contrast to real conductivity (<em>σ'</em>) data, did not exhibit a direct soil moisture driven dependence. We attribute the observed dynamics in <em>σ'' </em>to microbially driven reactions. An EP anomaly arose concurrent to the production of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2- </sup>as a result of oxygenation at depth during drainage of the columns. Our findings show that continuous SIP and EP signals, in conjunction with periodic measurements of geochemical indicators, can help determine the location and temporal variability of biogeochemical activity and be used to monitor targeted reaction zones and pathways in complex soil environments.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.