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13,621 results for “Biologics”
A meta-analysis of butterfly structural colors: their color range, distribution, and biological production
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Data from: Comparative species delimitation of a biological conservation icon
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Urban tree pests can support biological control services in landscape shrubs
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Nuclear quantum effects slow down the energy transfer in biological light-harvesting complexes
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Resilin distribution and abundance in Apis mellifera across biological age classes and castes
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Ant-scale mutualism increases scale infestation, decreases folivory, and disrupts biological control in restored tropical forests
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Annual tree growth for Red and Sugar Maples in six forest plots distributed around Ann Arbor, MI and around the University of Michigan Biological Station (UMBS), 1999 to 2022
The dataset contains the annual growth, in mm, of over 200 red and sugar maple trees. All trees are located in established study sites in the vicinity of Ann Arbor or UMBS.
Demographic measures of Hypericum cumulicola (Hypericaceae) in 15 populations in Florida Rosemary Scrub patches with different time-since-fire, at Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County, Florida from 1994-2015
We collected demographic data comprising 38,313 unique observations from a sample of 10,910 individuals of H. cumulicola, from 15 independent Florida rosemary scrub patches with different time-since-fire at Archbold Biological Station, Highlands County, Florida. Plants were censused during their peak of reproduction annually in July and August between 1994 and 2015.
Ozone Concentrations and Ozone Flux at the Univerity of Michigan Biological Station PROPHET Tower from 2002-2005
Measurements of ozone, sensible heat, and latent heat fluxes and plant physiological parameters were made at a northern mixed hardwood forest located at the University of Michigan Biological Station in northern Michigan from June 27 to September 28, 2002. These measurements were used to calculate total ozone flux and partitioning between stomatal and non-stomatal sinks. Total ozone flux varied diurnally with maximum values reaching 100 8mol m-2 h-1 at midday and minimums at or near zero at night. Mean daytime canopy conductance was 0.5 mol m-2 s-1. During daytime, non-stomatal ozone conductance accounted for as much as 66% of canopy conductance, with the non-stomatal sink representing 63% of the ozone flux. Stomatal conductance showed expected patterns of behaviour with respect to photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) and vapour pressure defecit (VPD). Non-stomatal conductance for ozone increased monotonically with increasing PPFD, increased with temperature (T) before falling off again at high T, and behaved similarly for VPD. Day-time non-stomatal ozone sinks are large and vary with time and environmental drivers, particularly PPFD and T. This information is crucial to deriving mechanistic models that can simulate ozone uptake by different vegetation types.
Demography of the Florida endemic Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium (Polygonaceae) at Archbold Biological Station and the Lake Wales Ridge National Wildlife Refuge Carter Creek from 1990 to 2013
We studied scrub buckwheat (Eriogonum longifolium var. gnaphalifolium) from 1990 - 2013 at Archbold Biological Station and from 2001 - 2010 at the Lake Wales Ridge National Wildlife Refuge Carter Creek. This dataset contains annual demographic data on survival, recruitment, growth and reproductive effort. The plant is long-lived and exhibits plant dormancy. It resprouts following fire and also recruits many seedlings following post-fire stimulated flowering. Modeling based on demographic data has shown that frequent fires (a minimum of every five years or every 20 years depending on assumptions) are necessary for viable populations of scrub buckwheat. This fire regime is usually met in sandhill but not always in oak-hickory scrub, another habitat for this endemic plant.
Michigan Rodents Distribution at the University of Michigan Biological Station, Pellston, MI, from 1883 to 2007
Distribution of rodents in northern Michigan documented by Dr. Phil Myers, et al. We use museum and other collection records to document large and extraordinarily rapid changes in the ranges and relative abundance of 9 species of mammals in the northern Great Lakes region (white-footed mice, woodland deer mice, southern red-backed voles, woodland jumping mice, eastern chipmunks, least chipmunks, southern flying squirrels, northern flying squirrels, common opossums). These species reach either the southern or the northern limit of their distributions in this region. Changes consistently reflect increases in species of primarily southern distribution (white-footed mice, eastern chipmunks, southern flying squirrels, common opossums) and declines by northern species (woodland deer mice, southern red-backed voles, woodland jumping mice, least chipmunks, northern flying squirrels). White-footed mice and southern flying squirrels have extended their ranges over 225 km since 1980, and at particularly well-studied sites in Michigan's Upper Peninsula, small mammal assemblages have shifted from numerical domination by northern species to domination by southern species. Repeated re-sampling at some sites suggests that southern species are replacing northern ones rather than simply being added to the fauna. Observed changes are consistent with predictions from climatic warming but not with predictions based on recovery from logging or changes in human populations. Because of the abundance of these focal species (the 8 rodent species make up 96.5% of capture records of all forest-dwelling rodents in the region and 70% of capture records of all forest-dwelling small mammals) and the dominating ecological roles they play, these changes substantially affect the composition and structure of forest communities. They also provide an unusually clear example of change that is likely to be the result of climatic warming in communities that are experienced by large numbers of people.
Survival and growth of south Florida slash pines in four seasonal ponds at Archbold Biological Station, 1992-2001
These data summarize survival and plant size (height, basal diameter) for south Florida slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. densa) in four seasonal ponds at Archbold Biological Station from 1992-2001. Plants were seedlings, saplings, or small trees. The seasonal ponds were favorable for growth (0.1-0.6 m in height per year) and annual survival (usually over 80%) in the absence of fire or major flooding events. Flooding episodes during most of the study ranged from 3-11 months each year. Mortality increased with flooding intensity and decreased with plant size. Growth rates were not affected by flooding. Near the end of the study, two fires killed 72% of these pines (low intensity, prescribed) and 100% of these pines (intense wildfire). The study suggests that most seasonal ponds do not support large south Florida slash pine individuals despite generally favorable conditions, because of periodic flooding and fire.
Dynamics of Chapman's goldenrod (Solidago odora var. chapmanii) with fire at Archbold Biological Station, 1991-2000
This dataset summarizes the dynamics of Chapman's goldenrod (Solidago odora var. chapmanii) at Archbold Biological Station from 1991-2000. The data were collected from 23 quadrats, each 1 meter square. Quadrats were located across the Station, mainly in southern ridge sandhill (hickory phase), also known as oak-hickory scrub. The quadrats have a complex fire history during the study, as summarized by six fire variables indicating the years of burns and the total number of burns for each quadrat. Monitoring in quadrats started at various times from 1991-1995, usually shortly after prescribed fires. Quadrats were visited annually in the late summer or fall (August except in September and October in 1991 and 1992, respectively). With each visit, we counted the number of stems and the number of flowering stems. We also measured the heights of each stem and provided the mean height in cm for each quadrat. Because this species is clonal, we do not consider the data as representing a particular number of genetic individuals. We did not include data in plots that had burned within the previous four months. We also collected data from excavations and from observations of herbivores; these data are not included in this dataset. We found that densities decreased following fire, that flowering was concentrated in the first two years after fire, and that repeated burns reproduced these patterns. Together with other data, we suggested that Chapman's goldenrod was unusual among Florida scrub plants in having three modes of post-fire recovery (resprouting, clonal growth, seedling recruitment) and that its life history was characterized by persistence between fires (as a persistent bud bank) and strong post-fire positive responses.
Long Term Research in Environmental Biology (LTREB): California vernal pool plant community ecology and restoration, 2000-2017
This data set includes annual vegetation data and selected water depth data collected during the period 2000-2017 from vernal pool basins that were constructed in 1999 as part of a large-scale vernal pool mitigation effort at Travis Air Force Base, California. The constructed pools covered an area of about 15 Ha and were located adjacent to a complex of naturally-occurring pools, which were used as reference sites for comparison. Five plant species were intentionally seeded into the pools according to five seeding treatment protocols to assess the influence of order of colonization, frequency of colonization, and dispersal limitation on vernal pool plant community assembly. Because water depth was known to influence plant species distributions, water depth was recorded weekly during the winter wet season in selected years for each constructed and reference pool at the site. Seed plots were 50 cm x 50 cm and were permanently marked and used for repeated sampling of vegetation from 2000-2017. For each plant species that occurred in the plots, the frequency of occurrence was recorded as the number of squares out of a 100-cell grid laid over the plot in which that plant species appeared. For the five species that were planted into the plots, the frequency was recorded, as above, but in addition the number of individuals of that species in the plot was also recorded.
Temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions, Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, CO, USA, 2013 - 2015
These datafiles contain the plant-pollinator interaction data collected by Paul CaraDonna et al. at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory in Gothic, CO, USA during the 2013, 2014 and 2015 growing season. These data were collected to investigate temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions; specifically, these data were collected in a manner to allow for the construction of weekly plant-pollinator interaction networks in order to investigate fine scale temporal variation in plant-pollinator interactions. The data represent extensive community-wide field observations of animal pollinators visiting flowering plants in a subalpine ecosystem for the majority of the summer growing season (May–September).
Biological invasions: a field synopsis, systematic review, and database of the literature
Species introductions of anthropogenic origins are a major aspect of rapid ecological change globally. Research on biological invasions has generated literature on many different aspects of this phenomenon. This literature is enormous and has grown rapidly since the mid‐twentieth century. Therefore, we created this dataset in order to describe and categorize some aspects of this literature, to better understand what has been studied and what we know, mapping well‐studied areas and important gaps. To do so, we employed the techniques of systematic reviewing widely adopted in other scientific disciplines. We identified 2398 relevant studies in a field synopsis of the biological invasions literature. The purpose of the field synopsis was to map and categorize the scope of available information (and what is not known) from the literature addressing a fundamental understanding of biological invasions. We then examined 1537 papers in greater detail in a systematic review. The systematic review addressed the state of our knowledge about the mechanisms that permit species to invade novel environments. We carried this out by attempting to identify and characterize the literature, including what hypotheses have been tested, and what organisms and systems have been studied. A secondary goal of our work was to create a publicly accessible database of this literature for future research.
Growth and survival of seedlings of 14 species of lowland rainforest trees planted in the La Guaria Annex (Canada Plot) of La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, in 1986 and measured every six months or every year until 1992 (Part 1 of 2)
During the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, Costa Rica’s old growth forests were being cut to clear land for cattle pastures and large-scale agriculture. Timber concessions were also growing pine, gmelina, and other non-native trees for harvesting. The Costa Rican government was developing plans for a reforestation program and for a Payment for Environmental Services program to combat forest loss. At this time there were no data available on the growth of native trees species. The TRIALS project (starting with the CANADA Plot) was designed by OTS (Organization for Tropical Studies) and the DGF (Dirección General Forestal) to measure the growth and survival of native tree seedlings planted on abandoned pasture lands at the La Selva Biological Station. Data from these seedlings formed the basis of the reforestation law and the Payments of Ecosystem Services (PES) plan and this model was replicated in many other areas of Costa Rica.
Growth and survival of seedlings of 14 species of lowland rainforest trees planted in the La Guaria Annex (Canada Plot) of La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica, in 1986 and measured every six months or every year until 1992 (Part 2 of 2)
During the 1960s, 1970s, and 1980s, Costa Rica’s old growth forests were being cut to clear land for cattle pastures and large-scale agriculture. Timber concessions were also growing pine, gmelina, and other non-native trees for harvesting. The Costa Rican government was developing plans for a reforestation program and for a Payment for Environmental Services program to combat forest loss. At this time there were no data available on the growth of native trees species. The TRIALS project (starting with the CANADA Plot) was designed by OTS (Organization for Tropical Studies) and the DGF (Dirección General Forestal) to measure the growth and survival of native tree seedlings planted on abandoned pasture lands at the La Selva Biological Station. Data from these seedlings formed the basis of the reforestation law and the Payments of Ecosystem Services (PES) plan and this model was replicated in many other areas of Costa Rica.
Effects of Plant Removal on Mineralization Rates at the Rocky Mountain Biological Laboratory, Gunnison County, Colorado: 2018
The loss of aboveground plant diversity alters belowground ecosystem function; yet, the mechanisms underpinning this relationship and the degree to which plant community structure and climate mediate the effects of plant species loss remain unclear. Here, we explored how plant species loss through experimental removal shaped belowground function in ecosystems characterized by different climatic regimes and edaphic properties. We measured plant community composition as well as potential carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) mineralization through laboratory soil incubations and microbial extracellular enzyme activity in soils collected from four unique plant removal experiments located along an elevational gradient in Colorado, USA, during the summer of 2018. We found that regardless of the identity of the removed species or the climate at each site plant removal decreased the absolute variation in potential N-mineralization rates and marginally reduced the magnitude of N-mineralization rates. While plant species removal also marginally reduced C-mineralization rates, C-mineralization, unlike N-mineralization, displayed sensitivity to the climatic and edaphic differences among sites, where C-mineralization was greatest at the high elevation site that receives the most precipitation annually and contains the largest soil total C pools. Plant removal had little impact on soil enzyme activity. Removal effects were not contingent on the amount of biomass removed annually, and shifts in mineralization rates occurred despite only marginal shifts in plant community structure following plant species removal. Our results present a surprisingly simple and consistent pattern of belowground response to the loss of dominant plant species across an elevational gradient with different climatic and edaphic properties, suggesting a common response of belowground ecosystem function to plant species loss regardless of which plant species are lost or the broader climatic context.
Long Term Research in Environmental Biology: Demographic census data for thirty natural populations of American Ginseng: 1998-2016
In 1998, formal demographic censusing of wild ginseng (Panax quinquefolius L.) populations was initiated in West Virginia. By 2004, thirty populations had been added to the census effort, spanning seven states (IN-2, KY-6, MD-1, NY-2, PA-2, VA-5, WV-12) and a wide variety of land use histories and eastern deciduous forest communities. The censusing effort continued without interruption at all populations until June, 2016. Annually, each population was visited twice. The first visit generally occurred between late May and the end of June. The second visit generally occurred in the first three weeks of August. The purpose of the spring census was to assess the population status at the time of year when the largest number of individuals were visible aboveground (post-germination, prior to substantial losses due to browsing and other causes). Detailed measures of plant size were made, with an emphasis on total leaf area calculation. In addition, a variety of plant condition notations were made, with the ultimate goal of determining mortality and recruitment in the population, as well as individual size transitions. The primary purpose of the second census each year was to assess seed production on each plant. In addition, further notations of plant condition were made to assess changes over the growing season. To maintain methodological consistency with field personnel turnover, the lead author participated in fieldwork throughout the study, visiting each population at least once every two years. In addition, after being trained themselves, graduate students trained undergraduate conservation interns to assure consistent methods were used each year. The data are suitable for demographic modeling, and the unique spatial and temporal extent allow the exploration of important questions about variability in population growth and viability of ginseng, America’s premiere wild harvested medicinal plant.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.