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Figure 11 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 11 - Annotated illustrations of the right phallomere in male genitalia for morphological use. A–C Male postabdomen, right phallomere of Sphodromantis sp. A dorsal view of intact right phallomere B dorsal view of right phallomere with many parts removed C ventral view of intact right phallomere. Chaeteessa caudata Saussure, 1871 right phallomere D ventral view, intact. Thick black lines are (virtual) cutting lines. Continuous thin black lines are freely visible edges (= lines along which the cuticle bends away from the observer's view). Dashed thin black lines are (parts of) edges hidden beneath other cuticle. Dashed gray line indicating outline of process afa of left phallic complex as it is placed in association with the right phallomere. Membranous cuticle in very light gray, sclerotized cuticle in darker gray; cuticle shaded darker where it goes underneath other cuticle. For abbreviations see text, glossary, or Suppl. material 2: Extended abdominal glossary.

Figure 21 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 21 - Oothecae of Stagmatoptera supplicaria Burmeister, 1838 and Callibia diana Stoll, 1813. Stagmatoptera supplicaria oothecae (A–G): A–B dorsal view C lateral view D frontal view E lateral view of ootheca attached to substrate F ventral view G rear view showing attachment site. Callibia diana oothecae (H–N): H–I lateral view; J–K dorsal view L lateral view demonstrating approximate substrate position M–N ventral view. Callibia diana oothecae collected and imaged herein did not retain the attachment substrate. In these situations, we recommend illustrating a line to indicate substrate position. In those oothecae with extensive outer coating, it is suggested to remove part of the coating to reveal relevant details of the external wall, such as color and/or texture; in this case J shows regions where the outer wall is exposed. Asterisks (*) indicate points of attachment to substrate. Photographs courtesy of Hiromi Yagui.

Figure 10 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 10 - Annotated illustrations of male Sphodromantis sp. genitalia for morphological use. Male postabdomen, left phallic complex A–D dorsal view. From A (showing intact left complex) to D dorsal and peripheral parts are removed step by step. Thick black lines are (virtual) cutting lines. Continuous thin black lines are freely visible edges (= lines along which the cuticle bends away from the observer's view). Dashed thin black lines are (parts of) edges hidden beneath other cuticle. Membranous cuticle in very light gray, sclerotized cuticle in darker gray; cuticle shaded darker where it goes underneath other cuticle. For abbreviations see text, glossary, or Suppl. material 2: Extended abdominal glossary.

Figure 20 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 20 - General ootheca morphology. A–E Annotated illustrations of a generic ootheca: A dorsal view B rear view C frontal view D lateral view E ventral view F internal view of a bisected egg case, species unknown. Example of interspecific variation of ootheca morphology (G–I) G Choeradodis rhombicollis Latreille, 1833 H Choeradodis stalii Wood-Mason, 1880 I Choeradodis columbica Beier, 1931. Illustrations and photographs courtesy of Hiromi Yagui.

Figure 1 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 1 - Carbon dust illustrations of Sphodromantis sp. dorsal and ventral habitus, from left to right respectively. Illustrations by Rebecca Konte. Abbreviations: fw = forewing; hw = hindwing.

Figure 2 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 2 - Annotated illustrations of cranial structures. Omomantis Saussure, 1899 ♂ head capsule A anterior view B dorsal view. Generalized mantis head capsule C oblique anterior view demarcating regions where cranial process can arise; colored triangles indicate approximate locations of cuticular projections: light gray triangle = fastigial process; black triangles = juxtaocular processes; blue triangle = vertical process; white triangle = postocellar process; yellow triangle = medial ocellar process; gray triangle = ocellar process. Various compound eye shapes (D–F): D approximately globular in Orthodera Burmeister, 1838 E Heterochaeta sp. with a non-visual elongation F anteriorly elongate in Schizocephala bicornis Linné, 1758. Illustrations A–B by Josh Maxwell. Abbreviations: cs = coronal sulcus; ey = compound eye; fp = fastigial process; jop = juxtaocular process; mop = medial ocellar process; nve = non-visual elongation; op = ocellar process; pfs = postfrontal sulcus; pop = postocellar process; vp = vertical process.

Figure 13 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 13 - Annotated illustrations of Sphodromantis sp. male genitalia for taxonomic use. Intact genital complex A dorsal view B ventral view. Disarticulated genital complex to isolate the individual phallomeres C–E: C left phallomere (of the left phallic complex), dorsal view D ventral phallomere (of the left phallic complex), dorsal view E right phallomere, ventral view. Blue text refers to major sclerotizations. Abbreviations: afa = anterior process (left phallomere); an = anterior extension of sclerite R3 (anterior apodeme); bm = dextral extension (right phallomere); fda = main posterior lobe (right phallomere); L4A = sclerite extending over the ventral wall (left phallomere); L4B = sclerite extending over the dorsal wall (left phallomere); loa = posteromesal (left phallomere); paa = posterior process (left phallomere); pda = posterior process (ventral phallomere); pia = process posterolateral to pva (right phallomere); pva = process anteromesal to pia (right phallomere); R3 = anteriorly extending sclerite (right phallomere).

Figure 14 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 14 - Annotated illustrations of the female Sphodromantis sp. postabdomen and genitalia for morphological use. A left gonapophysis 8 with adjoining parts of coxa 8 and laterocoxa 9 in dorsal view B lateral parts of terminal abdomen in ventral view, with focus on base of cercus (enlarged 2.5× from C) C entire genital region, most parts in external view. Posterior parts (segments VIII–XI) are bent 180° dorsally and to the anterior compared to anterior parts (of segment VII), along the axis marked by arrows X. The lower half of the illustration shows the ventral fold 7 ("subgenital lobe") and the genital fold area in dorsal view; the upper half of the illustration shows the ventral sides of segments VIII–XI in ventral view. Left gonapophysis 8 removed. Thick black lines are (virtual) cutting lines. Continuous thin black lines are freely visible edges (= lines along which the cuticle bends away from the observer's view). Dashed thin black lines are (parts of) edges hidden beneath other cuticle. Thick gray lines are internal ridges. Dashed gray line next to fold mvtf7 in C giving outline of area where dorsal and ventral walls of ventral fold 7 are firmly connected by columellae. Membranous cuticle in very light gray, sclerotized cuticle in medium to darker gray (darker = more strongly sclerotized); cuticle shaded darker where it goes underneath other cuticle. For abbreviations see text, glossary, or Suppl. material 2: Extended abdominal glossary.

Figure 12 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 12 - Annotated illustrations of the male Sphodromantis sp. postabdomen for morphological use. Coxosternite CS9 (= subgenital plate) and ventral fold vf9 ("subgenital lobe") of Sphodromantis sp., dorsal view. Thick black lines are (virtual) cutting lines. Continuous thin black lines are freely visible edges (= lines along which the cuticle bends away from the observer's view). Dashed thin black lines are (parts of) edges hidden beneath other cuticle. Membranous cuticle in very light grаy, sclerotized cuticle in medium to darker grаy (darker = more strongly sclerotized); cuticle shaded darker where it goes underneath other cuticle. For abbreviations see text, glossary, or Suppl. material 2: Extended abdominal glossary.

Figure 17 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 17 - Annotated illustrations of digging structures on female genitalia. A–B Eremiaphilidae-type digging spine: Eremiaphila sp. terminalia A ventral view B lateral view. C–D Rivetina-type digging spine: Rivetina Berland & Chopard, 1922 terminalia C ventral view D lateral view. E–F Chroicoptera-type digging spine: Chroicoptera longa Giglio-Tos, 1915 terminalia (E) ventral view; Chroicoptera saussurei Giglio-Tos, 1915 F lateral view. G–I Ligaria-type digging spine: Ligaria Stål, 1877 G dorsal view H lateral view I lateral view (left side) of the left gonapophysis 8. Note that in the Ligaria-type, the digging structures are gonapophyses 8. Figures A–E and G–I reproduced and adapted from Wieland (2013); figure F reproduced from Wieland 2013, which was modified from Kaltenbach 1996. Abbreviations: au = aulax; ccsp7 = centrocoxosternal processes 7; ce = cercus; CS5–7 = coxosternite 5–7; dig-dh = digging device, dorsal hook; dig-vh = digging device, ventral hook; mdca10 = middorsal carina 10; vfme6 = ventromedian expansion (of ventral fold); gpal8 = apical lobe of gonapophysis 8; si = spiracle; TG6–10 = tergite 6–10. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 18 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 18 - Morphological variation of supraanal plates. A Brunneria Saussure, 1869 ♀ B Coptopteryx Saussure, 1869 ♀ C Acanthops sp. ♀ D Callimantis Stål, 1877 ♂ E Fulcinia Stål, 1877 ♀ F Deroplatys Westwood, 1839 ♂ G Kongobatha diademata Heard, 1920 ♂ juvenile H Metallyticus splendidus ♀ (reproduced and adapted from Wieland (2013)) I Deroplatys sp. ♀. Abbreviations: mdca10 = middorsal carina 10; TG10 = tergite 10 (= supraanal plate). Scale bar: 1 mm.

Figure 24 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 24 - Head and lower frons measurement standards. Solid black lines indicate approximate location to take length and width measurements. Sphodromantis sp. head A head width B head length C lower frons width D lower frons length. Abbreviations: cly = clypeus; ey = compound eye; lb = labrum; lf = lower frons.

Figure 16 from: Brannoch SK, Wieland F, Rivera J, Klass K-D, Béthoux O, Svenson GJ (2017) Manual of praying mantis morphology, nomenclature, and practices (Insecta, Mantodea). ZooKeys 696: 1-100. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.696.12542

Figure 16 - Annotated illustrations of intact female genitalia Tenodera sinensis for taxonomic use. A segments are opened up 180° along the axis marked X, the upper half of the illustration shows the ventral side of segments VIII and IX in dorsal view, the lower half of the illustration shows the dorsal wall of the ventral fold vf7 and genital fold in ventral view B segments VIII and IX in lateral view C dorsal side of segments VIII and IX in dorsal view. Dotted lines indicate regions of membrane, connective tissues, and musculature. Abbreviations: agsl = accessory gland supporting lobe; CG8 = caudogyne; CX8 = coxa 8; cxdl = dorsolateral coxal lobelet; cxvl = ventrolateral coxal lobelet; egl7 = epigynal lobe; gfp7 = process of genital fold; gl9 = gonoplac 9; glbl9 = gonoplac basal lobe 9; gp8 = gonapophysis 8; gp9 = gonapophysis 9; gpal8 = apical lobe of gonapophysis 8; gpmo8 = medial outgrowth of gonapophysis 8; gptm9 = medial tine of gonapophysis 9; ppl7 = papilla lobe; rh = rhachis; sbp = spermathecal bulge; vf7 = ventral segmental fold 7; vfdcp7 = process of dorsal carina of ventral fold 7; VS7 = vestibular sclerite 7.

Figure 5 from: Miralles A, Köhler J, Glaw F, Vences M (2016) Species delimitation methods put into taxonomic practice: two new Madascincus species formerly allocated to historical species names (Squamata, Scincidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 92(2): 257-275. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.9945

Figure 5 - Distribution maps for Madascincus species. Colored dots are representing localities sampled in the molecular studies by Miralles and Vences (2013), whereas white dots are representing localities of specimens only identified by morphology, and/or type localities. For Madascincus polleni, another locality has been added based on a recent paper from Rakotoarison et al. (2015), who have collected an additional specimen (ZCMV 14157) in Mitsinjo forest in north-western Madagascar (16°02'54.5"S, 45°47'24.1"E). The identity of this specimen is confirmed by both its morphological characteristics and its phylogenetic position inferred from a segment of the 16S rRNA gene (nested within the Madascincus polleni clade, and closely related to the population of Ankarafanstika, GenBank accession number KR025911). Note that for some species,especially Madascincus mouroundavae, additional verified localities exist but these are here excluded for consistency because no samples were examined in the framework of the present study.

Figure 1 from: Miralles A, Köhler J, Glaw F, Vences M (2016) Species delimitation methods put into taxonomic practice: two new Madascincus species formerly allocated to historical species names (Squamata, Scincidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 92(2): 257-275. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.9945

Figure 1 - Comparison of phylogenetic trees of the genus Madascincus based on nDNA and mtDNA sequences (modified from Miralles and Vences 2013). Nuclear DNA tree inferred from BI analysis of concatenated BDNF, CMOS, PDC and RAG2 sequences compared to the mitochondrial DNA inferred from ND1 and 16S sequences (unpartitioned data set, posterior probabilities indicated for each node, see Miralles and Vences 2013 for details of analysis methods).

Figure 4 from: Miralles A, Köhler J, Glaw F, Vences M (2016) Species delimitation methods put into taxonomic practice: two new Madascincus species formerly allocated to historical species names (Squamata, Scincidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 92(2): 257-275. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.9945

Figure 4 - Photographic plate showing most of the recognized species of Madascincus (picture not available for Madascincus macrolepis), highlighting the chromatic polymorphism (red tail and brown tail morphs) for Madascincus miafina sp. n., Madascincus pyrurus sp. n. and Madascincus igneocaudatus. Picture I depicts the sole specimen known from Kirindy that in Glaw and Vences (2007) was assigned to a candidate species M. sp. "vitreus", and O depicts a specimen that these authors assigned to a candidate species M. sp. "baeus".

Figure 3 from: Miralles A, Köhler J, Glaw F, Vences M (2016) Species delimitation methods put into taxonomic practice: two new Madascincus species formerly allocated to historical species names (Squamata, Scincidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 92(2): 257-275. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.9945

Figure 3 - Drawings of the lateral and dorsal views of the heads of most of the species of Madascincus, including the holotypes of the two new species described herein. A: Madascincus pyrurus sp. n., holotype ZSM 520/2001 (MV 2001-445), Mont Ibity; B: Madascincus miafina sp. n., holotype ZSM 1562/2008 (FGZC 1658), Ankarana Special Reserve; C: Madascincus arenicola, holotype ZSM 1565/2008 (FGZC 1703), Baie des Sakalava; D: Madascincus polleni, holotype MNHN 1895.210, "Mouroundava" (= Morondava); E: Madascincus stumpffi, holotype SMF 16019, "Nossibé" (=Nosy Be); F: Madascincus igneocaudatus, ZSM 1600/2010 (ZCMV 12888), Anakao; G: Madascincus mouroundavae, ZSM 13/2005 (ZCMV 2254), Andasibe; H: Madascincus ankodabensis, ZSM 355/2006 (ZCMV 2907), Ranomafana; I: Madascincus melanopleura, ZSM 20/2005 (ZCMV 2266), Andasibe; J: Madascincus minutus, ZSM 400/2005 (ZCMV 2166), Nosy Mangabe. Dwarf species of Madascincus, namely Madascincus nanus and Madascincus macrolepis, not represented. Scale bars = 2 mm. Abbreviations used for indication of scales (A, B) follow those defined by Miralles et al. (2011b).

Figure 2 from: Miralles A, Köhler J, Glaw F, Vences M (2016) Species delimitation methods put into taxonomic practice: two new Madascincus species formerly allocated to historical species names (Squamata, Scincidae). Zoosystematics and Evolution 92(2): 257-275. https://doi.org/10.3897/zse.92.9945

Figure 2 - Haplotype network reconstructions for the four nuclear genes (BDNF, PDC, CMOS and RAG2). For each marker, circles represent haplotypes (size proportional to the number of individuals), black lines represent mutational steps and black dots missing haplotypes, white curves represent connections between haplotypes found co-occurring in heterozygous individuals, and white numbers represent the number of individuals in which the respective haplotypes were found co-occurring. Single locus fields of recombination (pools of co-occurring haplotypes) are represented by grey rectangles (redrawn from Miralles and Vences 2013).

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Figure 2 from: Neylon C (2017) Compliance Culture or Culture Change? The role of funders in improving data management and sharing practice amongst researchers. Research Ideas and Outcomes 3: e21705. https://doi.org/10.3897/rio.3.e21705

Figure 2 - The core issues and principles that a Research Data Management policy should address, adapted from Hodson and Molloy (2015)