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9,029 results for “Asia”
84 Block--63k or 50k scale South Asia Maps
<p>19 maps of the Survey of India covering block 84.</p>
Foliar endophyte diversity in eastern Asia-eastern North America disjunct tree species – Influences of host identity, environment, phylogeny, and geographic isolation
<p><span>The well-known eastern Asia (EA) and eastern North America (ENA) floristic disjunction provides a unique system for biogeographic and evolutionary studies. Despite considerable interest in the disjunction, few studies have investigated the patterns and their underlying drivers of allopatric divergence in sister species or clades isolated in the two areas. Endophyte diversity and assembly in disjunct sister taxa, as an ecological trait, may have played an important role in the processes of allopatric evolution, but no studies have examined endophytes in these disjunct lineages. In this study, we compared foliar endophytes (including both fungi and bacteria) in 17 EA-ENA disjunct species pairs from genera representing conifers and major clades of angiosperms, as well as 23 species of </span><em>Cornus</em> from the US and China. We sequenced the ITS of fungi and 16S rDNA of bacteria to understand the composition of the endophyte community and gain insights into the relative roles of geographic isolation, host identity, phylogeny, and environment in shaping endophytic diversity patterns. We detected a much richer fungal than bacterial community in leaves of all species. Beta diversity varied greatly among individuals within species, between species, among genera, and among three natural environmental conditions. Based on a principal coordinates analysis, we found no close clustering of endophyte communities in samples from the same host plant species, from the same genus, or from the same geographic origin (i.e. EA or ENA) (when plants were grown in the same common garden), but we did detect clustering of samples from plants grown in the same environment (i.e., same geographic location). We observed separation of microbes in plant samples of the same species grown in different locations/environments. However, pooled samples across all species from the common garden with the same geographic origin (EA vs. ENA) showed a moderate level of dissimilarity in fungal endophytes between EA and ENA. An overall significant correlation between endophyte community dissimilarity and phylogenetic distance was detected among the disjunct genera but not among species of <em>Cornus</em>. However, significant correlation between order, family, and genera of endophytes and phylogenetic distance of Cornus species was observed. We also found no significant differences in Foliar Endophytic Fungal (FEF) communities between counterparts of disjunct species pairs in EA and ENA in most genera except in <em>Liriodendron</em> and <em>Cornus</em>, although the beta diversity within genera is high. Our results suggest important roles of host identity and environment (geographic locations), and a likely minor role of phylogenetic divergence and biogeographic isolation in shaping the pattern of foliar endophyte diversity and assembly in the EA-ENA disjunct genera, as well as in <em>Cornus</em>. The results further suggest that the sister taxa in EA and ENA are likely different in their foliar endophyte composition when growing in their native habitats due to differences in geographic locations and local environments, which is potentially a factor driving allopatric divergence of species functional features. This hypothesis can be tested by analysis of samples from native habitats.</p>
Anthropogenic disturbance driving population decline of a dominant tree in East Asia evergreen broadleaved forests over the last 11,000 years
<p><span>Current biodiversity loss was generally considered to be caused by </span><span>anthropogenic disturbance</span><span>, but when anthropogenic activities began to impact biodiversity loss is still </span><span>controversial</span><span>. One hypothesis suggested it was from the industrial era, while others proposed that the anthropogenic disturbance had already resulted in biodiversity decline since the Early Holocene. To test these hypotheses, we focus on subtropical East Asia, which has witnessed a land use and anthropogenic history since the Early Holocene. We selected the unique vegetation of evergreen broadleaved forests (EBLFs), using a genomic approach to infer the demographic history of a dominant plant (<em>Litsea</em> <em>elongata</em>) of EBLFs, and to further detangle the impact of climate change and/or anthropogenic disturbance on effective population size fluctuation. Nine well-defined geographical clades were identified within extant populations of <em>L</em>. <em>elongata</em>. The estimated historical population sizes of these clades all contracted, indicating persistent population decline over the last 11,000 years. Significant correlation was detected between demographic history and three anthropogenic disturbance factors, rather than the climate change in the Holocene. Therefore, we provided the <span>dataset used for<span> phylo</span></span>g<span>enomic analysis</span>,<span> </span><span> demographic history inference</span><span>, and correlation analysis in this study.</span></span></p>
Figure 16 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 16. Dorsal aspect of the neotype minor worker of Camponotus piceus.
Figure 15 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 15. Lateral aspect of the neotype minor worker of Camponotus piceus.
Figure 14 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 14. Head of the neotype minor worker of Camponotus piceus.
Figure 4 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 4. Major worker of C. anatolicus in lateral view.
Figure 10 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 10. Minor worker of C. honaziensis from the holotype nest in lateral view.
Figure 8 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 8. Paratype minor worker of C. anatolicus from the holotype nest in dorsal view.
Data from: Inference of selective force on house mice genomes during secondary contact in East Asia
<p>The house mouse (<em>Mus musculus</em>), commensal to humans, has spread globally via human activities, leading to secondary contact between genetically divergent subspecies. This pattern of genetic admixture can provide insights into the selective forces at play in this well-studied model organism. Our analysis of 163 house mouse genomes, mainly from East Asia, revealed substantial admixture between the subspecies<em> castaneus</em> and <em>musculus</em>, particularly in Japan and southern China. We revealed, despite the admixture, that all Y chromosomes in the East Asian samples belonged to the <em>musculus</em>-type haplogroup, potentially explained by genomic conflict under sex ratio distortion due to varying copy numbers of ampliconic genes on sex chromosomes. We also investigated the influence of natural selection on the post-hybridization of the subspecies <em>castaneus</em> and <em>musculus</em> in Japan. Even though the genetic background of most Japanese samples closely resembles the subspecies<em> musculus</em>, certain genomic regions overrepresented the <em>castaneus</em>-like genetic components, particularly in immune-related genes. Furthermore, a large genomic block containing a vomeronasal/olfactory receptor gene cluster predominantly harbored <em>castaneus</em>-type haplotypes in the Japanese samples, highlighting the possible role of olfaction-based recognition in shaping hybrid genomes.</p>
Figure 26 in Molecular and morphological confirmation of Isometrus maculatus (DeGeer 1778) (Scorpiones Buthidae) from Northeast India and East Asia
Figure 26. Distribution of Isometrus specimens analysed here (see Figs 24–25).
Figure 18 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 18. Lateral aspect of large minor worker of Camponotus heidrunvogtae n.sp., holotype.
Figure 19 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 19. Dorsal aspect of large minor worker of Camponotus heidrunvogtae n.sp., holotype.
Figure 11 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 11. Minor worker of C. honaziensis from the holotype nest in dorsal view.
Figure 7 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 7. Paratype minor worker of C. anatolicus from the holotype nest in lateral view.
Figure 5 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 5. Major worker of C. anatolicus in dorsal view.
Figure 3 in A taxonomic revision of the members of the Camponotus lateralis species group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) from Europe, Asia Minor and Caucasia
Figure 3. Head of major worker of C. anatolicus.
Figs 8–12 in REVIEW OF LEAF BEETLES OF THE SUBGENUS HYPERICIA BEDEL, 1899 (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CHRYSOLINA) FROM EAST ASIA
Figs 8–12. Aedeagus in dorsal and lateral view. 8 – Chrysolina difficilis Motschulsky
Figs 6–7 in REVIEW OF LEAF BEETLES OF THE SUBGENUS HYPERICIA BEDEL, 1899 (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CHRYSOLINA) FROM EAST ASIA
Figs 6–7. Habitus in dorsal view. 6 – Chrysolina changbaishana sp. n., holotype, male (S
Figs 17–20 in REVIEW OF LEAF BEETLES OF THE SUBGENUS HYPERICIA BEDEL, 1899 (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE: CHRYSOLINA) FROM EAST ASIA
Figs 17–20. Habitus in dorsal view and labels of the types. Chrysolina gracilis Bechyně:
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.