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opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Untargeted metabolomic approach using UHPLC-HRMS to unravel the impact of fermentation on color and phenolic composition of Rosé wines

Color is a major quality trait of rosé wines due to their packaging in clear glass bottles. This color is due to the presence of phenolic pigments extracted from grapes to wines and products of reactions taking place during the wine-making process. This study focuses on changes occurring during alcoholic fermentation of Syrah, Grenache and Cinsault musts, conducted at laboratory (250 mL) and pilot (100 L) scales. Color and phenolic composition of the musts and wines were analyzed using UV-visible spectrophotometry and metabolomics fingerprints were acquired by Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography−High Resolution Mass Spectrometry. The acquisition dataset protocol is available in the affiliated publication on Molecules

Data for paper "Designing a Boron Nitride Polyethylene Composite for Shielding Neutrons"

Data set for the paper "Designing a Boron Nitride Polyethylene Composite for Shielding Neutrons" published in Applied Physics Letters Materials (<a href="http://doi.org/10.1063/5.0163377">https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0163377</a>). In this paper, we explore the three different ways to distribute boron-10 within HDPE. These three configurations are called: (1) blended, (2) ideal layered, and (3) manufacturable. Refer to the manuscript for details of these configurations. For the blended configuration, we have uploaded the feather files, which contain all the information that was tracked in Geant4. We have processed the ROOT files, outputted directly from Geant4, into feather files, which include the energy of each particle at the entry and exit surface of the shielding composite along with the particle type and interaction type. The feather files can be easily read into Python using pandas: <pre><code>pd.read_feather(filename)</code></pre> The feather files are labeled as "blended_B10enrich_seed1_processed_*.ftr". Each feather file contains information from ~10 ROOT files. The key information from these feather files, such as the number of neutrons and gammas exiting the shielding composite and effective dose ratio, is saved in a pickle file, called "blended_B10enrich_binned_seed1_compressed.pickle". The pickle files can be read into Python using: <pre><code>with open(filename, 'rb') as pickle_file: dictionary = pickle.load(pickle_file)</code></pre> For the ideal layered configuration, there are ~100 feather files that are available upon request. The corresponding pickle files for the ideal layered configuration are uploaded, see "layered_B10enrich_binned_compressed.pickle", which can be read into Python using the code provided above.  For the manufacturable configuration, there are ~236 feather files that are ~2 GB each. To reduce the number of files uploaded to this repository, we have only uploaded the pickle files for this configuration (see "manufacturable_B10enrich_binned_compressed_*.pickle"). Please contact the authors if you have additional questions (Advik Vira, avira@gatech.edu, or Phillip First, first@gatech.edu).

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Taxonomic and functional biogeographies of soil bacterial communities across the Tibet plateau are better explained by abiotic conditions than distance and plant community composition

The processes governing soil bacteria biogeography are still not fully understood. It remains unknown how the importance of environmental filtering and dispersal differs between bacterial taxonomic and functional biogeography, and whether their importance is scale-dependent. We sampled soils across the Tibet plateau, with distances among plots ranging from 20 m to 1,550 km. Taxonomic composition of bacterial community was characterized by 16S amplicon sequencing and functional community composition by qPCR targeting 9 functional groups involved in N dynamics. Factors representing climate, soil, and plant community were measured to assess different facets of environmental dissimilarity. Both bacterial taxonomic and functional dissimilarities were more related to abiotic dissimilarity than biotic (vegetation) dissimilarity or distance. Taxonomic dissimilarity was mostly explained by differences in soil pH and mean annual temperature (MAT), while functional dissimilarity was linked to differences in soil N and P availabilities and N:P ratio. Soil pH and MAT remained the main determinants of taxonomic dissimilarity across spatial scales. In contrast, the explanatory variables of N-related functional dissimilarity varied across the scales, with soil moisture and organic matter having the highest role across short distances (<~330 km), and available P, N:P ratio and distance being important over long distances (>~660 km). Our results demonstrate how biodiversity dimension (taxonomic versus functional aspects) and spatial scale influence the factors driving soil bacterial biogeography.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Community assembly amplicon sequences, with pipeline to get asv table for "Spatial structure drives compositional convergence between nutrient environments in experimental microbial communities"

Community assembly amplicon sequences, with pipeline to get asv table for "Spatial structure drives compositional convergence between nutrient environments in experimental microbial communities"   compressed FASTA files for 16s amplicon sequences relating to two separate projects,  "Spatial structure drives compositional convergence between nutrient environments in experimental microbial communities" and "Habitat filtering leads to phylogenetic clustering in synthetic microbial communities". DADA22 pipeline is included, which pools all samples for better accuracy. A Julia script bioinfo.jl is then used to select only the samples relevant to spatial structure project.   All csv filenames are appended with "_q" indicating an increase in the stringency of quality filtering parameters (also increasing minimum hamming distance used in DADA2 algorithm to 5) to produce a taxa table with a sensible number of ASVs (given a known number of input strains) with each ASV uniquely aligning to an individual sequence from colony PCR of said input strains.

2021 National Composite Index for Family Planning (NCIFP): Data File and Questionnaire

The National Composite Index for Family Planning (NCIFP) was developed after 2012 to support FP2020’s efforts to improve the enabling policy and program environment for family planning, by examining the levels and types of effort for a range of family planning policy and programmatic indicators, including indicators to measure rights-based programming. This data file includes the final, cleaned data for the 2021 round of the NCIFP, as well as a codebook identifying the variable names with their corresponding questions. The PDF file is the full questionnaire for the 2021 round of the NCIFP, in English. A paper by Karen Hardee, Rebecca Rosenberg, John Ross, and Imelda Zosa-Feranil using these data is under consideration for publication in Gates Open Research.

Near-infrared spectra dataset of milk composition in transmittance mode

Near-infrared spectra dataset of milk composition in transmittance mode

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Composition of non-volant small mammals inhabiting a degradation gradient in a lowland tropical forest in Uganda

A study aimed at assessing the structure of rodent and shrew assemblages inhabiting a degradation gradient while considering rainfall patterns was conducted in one of the few remaining lowland tropical forests in Eastern Africa. We collected a unique dataset of 1411 rodents and shrews, representing 24 species (19 rodents, 5 shrews). The most abundant species alternated in dominance as species abundance significantly fluctuated across the study period following a degradation gradient, While only generalist species were observed near the degraded forest edge, habitat specialists such as Deomys ferrugineus, Malacomys longipes and Scutisorex congicus, were observed in the primary forest interior suggesting a significant association between species and their associated habitats and habitat attributes. There was also an observed correlation between rainfall patterns and species abundance. Capturing more species in adjacent fallows and along the degraded forest edge suggests that many species are able to live in degraded habitats that offer a variety of food resources. The continued pressure on forest resources, however, may lead to changes in habitat structure. This, coupled with the dependence of forest ecological functions on rainfall, which is typically not the case, may ultimately cause the local extinction of highly specialized but less adaptable species.

Video of Automated path planning for 3D robotic filament winding of high-performance composite materials

Video showing the results of the reasearch article "Automated path planning for 3D robotic filament winding of high-performance composite materials"

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Resilient 3D-Printed Civil Infrastructure with Ultra-High Performance Engineered Cementitious Composites (UHPECCs)

This study aims to develop and evaluate UHP-ECC materials for 3DP applications. To achieve this, the rheological properties of the cementitious composites were designed to accommodate 3DP functionality. Additionally, this study aimed to evaluate the hardened properties of the 3D-printed UHP-ECCs and compare them to the cast UHP-ECCs. Furthermore, the effect of variables such as sand-to-binder (S/B), fly ash-to-cement ratio (FA/C), and high-range water reducer (HRWR) content on the fresh and hardened properties of the 3D printable mixtures were evaluated.  Fresh properties of mixtures were assessed by means of the flowability test, setting time test, and printability test. Hardened properties were assessed utilizing the compressive strength test, uniaxial tensile test, and flexural performance test. Experimental results showed that the flow and setting time of the composites reduced as S/B incremented while having the opposite reaction with an increase in FA/C or HRWR. Additionally, a range of initial spread diameter values from 127 to 136 mm was related to the printable mixtures. Moreover, pseudo-strain-hardening (PSH) behavior was observed for all mixtures during the uniaxial tensile test. It is important to note that mixture FA67S/B1(2.2) developed in this study, showed an exceptional tensile strain of 2.1%, along with a compressive strength of 91.9 MPa, a tensile strength of 5.3 MPa, and flexural strength of 13.6 MPa. Finally, the printed specimens showed significant anisotropic behavior when compared to cast specimens, displaying a reduction in compressive strength ranging from 14.5% to 37.5% when tested in the perpendicular, longitudinal, and lateral directions, as well as an increment in flexural strength ranging from 4.8% to 11.7% when tested in the perpendicular and lateral directions.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Consistent predictors of microbial community composition across spatial scales in grasslands reveal low context-dependency

Environmental circumstances shaping soil microbial communities have been studied extensively. However, due to disparate study designs, it has been difficult to resolve whether a globally consistent set of predictors exists, or context-dependency prevails. Here, we used a network of 18 grassland sites (11 of those containing regional plant productivity gradients) to examine i) if similar abiotic or biotic factors predict both large-scale (across sites) and regional-scale (within sites) patterns in bacterial and fungal community composition, and ii) if microbial community composition differs consistently at two levels of regional plant productivity (low vs high). We found that bacteria were consistently associated with certain soil properties and both bacteria and fungi were consistently associated with plant community composition within different sites. Moreover, there was a microbial community signal that clearly distinguished high and low-productivity soils that was shared across different grasslands independent of their location in the world. In this study, we show that there is high congruence between predictors of bacterial and fungal community composition at different spatial scales and that regional productivity differences are typified by characteristic soil microbial communities across the grassland biome. These results suggest that it might be feasible to predict the overall effects of global changes on soil microbial community composition in different grasslands, as well as to discriminate fertile from infertile systems using generally applicable microbial indicators.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

Mercury abundance and isotopic composition in granitic rocks: Implications for Hg cycling in the upper continental crust

Mercury (Hg) is a highly volatile metal exhibiting both isotope mass-dependent (MDF, defined as δ202Hg) and mass-independent (MIF, expressed as Δ199Hg) fractionation. Assessing the Hg isotopic composition of the upper continental crust is crucial for the use of this new geochemical tool for petrogenetic tracing, particularly for understanding crust-mantle interaction. Here, we report Hg isotopic compositions of granitic rocks with distinct source affinity (I-, A-, and S-type) and of metasedimentary enclaves from the South China Craton. The results of more than 100 rock samples show large δ202Hg variations of -2.03 to 0.47 &permil; and relatively small Δ199Hg variations of -0.16 to 0.09 &permil;. The S-type granites studied here exhibit higher δ202Hg values (-0.58 to 0.00 &permil;; n=57) than their sedimentary protoliths (metasedimentary enclaves; -2.03 to -0.91 &permil;; n=7), suggesting significant Hg-MDF during magmatic processes. The Δ199Hg values of S-type granites (-0.08 to 0.09 &permil;) are indistinguishable from their sedimentary protoliths (-0.16 to 0.02 &permil;), suggestive of the absence of Hg-MIF during crustal anatexis and subsequent magmatic differentiation. The I- and A-type granites studied have smaller Δ199Hg variations of -0.11 to 0.04 &permil; (n=28) and -0.07 to 0.04 &permil; (n=15), respectively, but are within the range of the S-type granites. The compositional range of all granite variants may be explained by the variable intensity of large-scale MASH (melting-assimilation-storage-homogenization) processes. Our new data combined with previously published data of igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks allow us to estimate that the upper continental crust (UCC) has a Hg abundance of 13.5 ppb and a weighted average δ202Hg of -1.15 ± 1.01 &permil; (2SD), which are higher than the corresponding value of the primitive mantle, indicating the enrichment of Hg and δ202Hg in the UCC. However, the weighted average Δ199Hg value of the UCC (0.03 ± 0.15 &permil;; 2SD) is undistinguished from the primitive mantle, suggesting no obvious Hg-MIF during the formation and differentiation of the continental crust.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Phase compositions in carbonated oceanic crust

High-pressure experiments were performed at 3–15 GPa and 700–1300°C in a 1000-ton multi-anvil press at the SEDI-Lab, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), to investigate the phase relations of subducted carbon-bearing oceanic crust. Thirty-four samples were recovered after the experiments. All minerals in the recovered experimental charges were analyzed with an electron probe micro-analyzer (EPMA, JXA-8230), installed at the State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan). The accelerating voltage was 15 kV, and counting times were 10 s for the measured elements and 5 s for each side of the background. A beam current of 20 nA and beam size of 1–2 µm were used for silicate minerals and Ti-rich oxides. For quench liquids, a beam current of 10 nA and beam size of ~5–20 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2023View details →

The data used for the paper "Adapting a multiscale approach to assess the compositional diversity of landscapes" (Landscape Ecology)

The data consists of a single SimpleFeatures (sf) object with 267,813 rows, i.e. hexagons covering Hungary, and 89 variables. The following variables are contained by the data (Table 1.). <table> <caption>Table 1. Main attributes of the variables. For explanation of the vegetation type codes implied in the table by "XX", see the Supplementary Material S2 of Konrád et al. 2023.</caption> <thead> <tr> <th scope="col">Variable</th> <th scope="col">Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>id</td> <td>unique id of hexagons</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Bakony</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Bakony</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Baranya</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Baranya Hills</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ExternalSomogy</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape External Somogy</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HunGreatPlain</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Hungarian Great Plain</td> </tr> <tr> <td>KorosMarosInterfluve</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Körös-Maros Interfluve</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Mezofold</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Mezőföld & Velence Hills</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NorthernHunMountains</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Northern Hungarian Mountains</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Orseg</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Őrség</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SouthernBukk</td> <td>logical mask for subsetting the landscape Southern Bükk</td> </tr> <tr> <td>binarized_potential_XX</td> <td>binarized potential vegetation data of the XX vegetation type</td> </tr> <tr> <td>binarized_actual_XX</td> <td> binarized potential vegetation data of the XX vegetation type </td> </tr> </tbody> </table>   References Konrád KD, Bede-Fazekas Á, Bartha S, Somodi I (2023) Adapting a multiscale approach to assess the compositional diversity of landscapes. Landscape Ecology.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

Spatial and temporal variation in toxicity and inorganic composition of hydraulic fracturing flowback and produced water

Hydraulic fracturing for oil and gas extraction produces large volumes of wastewater, termed flowback and produced water (FPW), that are highly saline and contain a variety of organic and inorganic contaminants. In the present study, FPW samples from ten hydraulically fractured wells, across two geologic formations were collected at various timepoints. Samples were analyzed to determine spatial and temporal variation in their inorganic composition. Results indicate that FPW composition varied both between formations and within a single formation, with large compositional changes occurring over short distances. Temporally, all wells showed a time-dependent increase in inorganic elements, with total dissolved solids increasing by up to 200,000 mg/L over time, primarily due to elements associated with salinity (Cl, Na, Ca, Mg, K). Toxicological analysis of a subset of the FPW samples showed median lethal concentrations (LC50) of FPW to the aquatic invertebrate Daphnia magna were highly variable, with the LC50 values ranging from 1.16% to 13.7% FPW. Acute toxicity of FPW significantly correlated with salinity, indicating salinity is a primary driver of FPW toxicity, however organic components also contributed to toxicity. This study provides insight into spatiotemporal variability of FPW composition and illustrates the difficulty in predicting aquatic risk associated with FPW.

FIGURE 38 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 38 Abdomen of male. Dorsal view, A) Merodon avidus, B) Merodon moenium. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 39 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 39 Abdomen of male. Lateral view, A) Merodon avidus, B) Merodon moenium. Scale: 1 mm.

FIGURE 21 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 21 Abdomen of Merodon longisetus sp. n. Dorsal View, A) male, B) female. Scale: 1 Mm.

FIGURE 17 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 17 Species richness map of Merodon avidus species group.

FIGURE 1 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 1 Geographic distribution of newly described species.

FIGURE 16 in Systematic position and composition of Merodon nigritarsis and M. avidus groups (Diptera, Syrphidae) with a description of four new hoverfLies species

FIGURE 16 Species richness map of Merodon nigritarsis species group.