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FIG. 4 in Reassessment Of A Historical Collection Of Sauropod Dinosaurs From The Northern Morrison Formation Of Wyoming, With Implications For Sauropod Biogeography

FIG. 4. Dorsal vertebral arches CM 36041 from RFPR Quarry B (?) referred to Galeamopus sp. Two articulated mid- to posterior neural arches in A, posterior; B, right lateral; and C, anterior views. Scale applies to all views. These vertebrae were initially cataloged as CM 1256, then numbered as CM 662 (possibly erroneously, see text), and finally recataloged as CM 36041. Abbreviations: ACPL, anterior centroparapophyseal lamina; alp, aliform process; nc, neural canal; pap, parapophysis; PCDL, posterior centrodiapophyseal lamina; POSL, postspinal lamina; poz, postzygapophysis; PRDL, prezygodiapophyseal lamina; PRSL, prespinal lamina; SPDL, spinodiapophyseal lamina; SPOL, spinopostzygapophyseal lamina; tp, transverse process; TPOL, interpostzygapophyseal lamina. Photos by Andrew McAfee.

FIG. 7 in Reassessment Of A Historical Collection Of Sauropod Dinosaurs From The Northern Morrison Formation Of Wyoming, With Implications For Sauropod Biogeography

FIG. 7. Caudal vertebrae of Diplodocinae indet. CM 307 in left lateral view. The series can be divided into midcaudal vertebrae (A–F), posterior caudal vertebrae (G–K), and distal caudal vertebrae (L–KK), following the definition of Tschopp et al. (2015a). Abbreviations: lr, lateral ridge; poz, postzygapophysis; prz, prezygapophysis; vlr, ventrolateral ridge. Modified from Holland (1906); no scale provided in original figure, but see table 3 for detailed measurements.

FIG. 2 in Reassessment Of A Historical Collection Of Sauropod Dinosaurs From The Northern Morrison Formation Of Wyoming, With Implications For Sauropod Biogeography

FIG. 2. Sketch of the location of the two quarries at the Red Fork of the Powder River (RFPR) showing that both lie in the same bone-bearing layer. Drawn by W. Utterback in 1903 and sent to J.B. Hatcher on June 30, 1903. No other historic drawings or charts relating to these RFPR quarries could be found at CM.

FIG. 12 in Reassessment Of A Historical Collection Of Sauropod Dinosaurs From The Northern Morrison Formation Of Wyoming, With Implications For Sauropod Biogeography

FIG. 12. Pectoral girdle elements of Flagellicaudata indet. Partial left scapula CM 90276 in A, lateral and B, medial views. Note the dorsal process toward the distal end. The specimen was initially included in CM 1256, later recataloged as CM 36019, and finally given its own catalog number CM 90276 during our reassessment (see text). There seem to be two field numbers associated with this scapula (193, 203). Left coracoid CM 36025 in C, lateral and D, medial views. Note the open coracoid foramen. The specimen was initially included in CM 1256 and later recataloged as CM 36025. Abbreviations: acm, acromion; cof, coracoid foramen; gl, glenoid; sca, scapular articular surface. Photos by E.T. (A, C) and Andrew McAfee (B, D).

FIG. 6 in Reassessment Of A Historical Collection Of Sauropod Dinosaurs From The Northern Morrison Formation Of Wyoming, With Implications For Sauropod Biogeography

FIG. 6. Range of midcaudal centrum elongation in Morrison Formation sauropods. Ratio represents centrum length (cL) to posterior centrum height (pcH). Dots are ratios of single vertebrae, bars represent the range of means from individual specimens, and stars are the mean of the specimen means across the entire taxon. The dotted line in Apatosaurinae indet. indicates that the highest value (1.8) comes from a specimen represented by a single vertebra in this dataset (LACM 52844), whereas several other, more complete specimens all have values that range between 1.2 and 1.3 (represented by the continuous bar). The open rectangles represent ratios in specimens from RFPR (CM 312 and CM 36034 may be from a single individual, see text). Note the generally higher mean values of diplodocines (Supersaurus, Galeamopus, Diplodocus, Barosaurus) compared with apatosaurines (Apatosaurus, Brontosaurus, and indeterminate specimens) with the exception of LACM 52844. The RFPR specimens are colored as the taxon to which they are referred in the text, with the exception of CM 312 and CM 36034, which are referred to Neosauropoda indet.

FIG. 11 in Reassessment Of A Historical Collection Of Sauropod Dinosaurs From The Northern Morrison Formation Of Wyoming, With Implications For Sauropod Biogeography

FIG. 11. Range of humeral robusticity indices (RI) in Morrison Formation sauropods. Ratio represents the mean of proximal, distal, and minimum shaft mediolateral widths (prW, diW, minW, respectively), divided by proximodistal length (pdL). Dots are ratios of single humeri and stars are the mean across the entire taxon. The open rectangles represent ratios in specimens from RFPR. Note that Galeamopus humeri have a more similar RI to apatosaurines (Apatosaurus, Brontosaurus, and indeterminate specimens) than to the other diplodocines Diplodocus and Barosaurus. The RFPR specimens CM 28849 and CM 36026 are referred to Diplodocidae indet., and CM 21775 and CM 36019 to Camarasauridae indet.

Figure 7 in Comparative anatomy of the mesosomal organs of scorpions (Chelicerata, Scorpiones), with implications for the phylogeny of the order

Figure 7. Lateral lymphoid organs of selected scorpion species. A, Hadrurus a. arizonensis Ewing, 1928: seminal receptacle, coxal glands, and tubes arising from diaphragm. B, Urodacus planimanus Pocock, 1893: enlarged tubes and planar ovariuterus. Abbreviations: cg, coxal glands; d, diaphragm; lo, lymphoid organs; sr, seminal receptacle (spermathecae); o, ovariuterus.

Figure 5 in Comparative anatomy of the mesosomal organs of scorpions (Chelicerata, Scorpiones), with implications for the phylogeny of the order

Figure 5. Ovariuterine follicles, depicting variation in shape: round follicles of apoikogenic scorpions (A–C); more elongated, thumb-like follicles of katoikogenic scorpions (D). A, Hadruroides charcasus (Karsch, 1879). B, Timogenes elegans (Mello-Leitão, 1931): ventral view showing small immature follicles and larger maturing follicles. C, Smeringurus mesaensis (Stahnke, 1961): showing the trophic network attached to ovariuterine tubule and completely covering the maturing follicle with the trophic lobe. D, Urodacus sp.: mature follicles. Abbreviations: f, maturing follicles; i, immature follicles; ot, ovariuterine tubule; p, pedicel; t, trophic network; tl, trophic lobe. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figure 6 in Comparative anatomy of the mesosomal organs of scorpions (Chelicerata, Scorpiones), with implications for the phylogeny of the order

Figure 6. Variation in digestive gland: compact digestive gland (A); digitiform digestive gland (B); hemidigitiform digestive gland, showing compact dorsal part (C), and with compact dorsal part removed, showing ovariuterus lying over lobate ventral portion of gland (D). Developmental types: apoikogenic development (A); katoikogenic development (B–D). A, Smeringurus mesaensis (Stahnke, 1957): with part of digestive gland removed to expose ovariuterus. B, Opistophthalmus cavimanus Lawrence, 1928. C, D, Urodacus sp. Abbreviations: f, follicles; l, lobules of digestive gland; ot, ovariuterine tubule. Scale bars: 2 mm.

Figure 8 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 8. Posterior part of the braincase of Doleserpeton, specimen UR1333, in medial view. Part of the anterior edge of the jugular foramen has been reinforced with glue.

Figure 7 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 7. Right opisthotic of Doleserpeton, specimen UR1317. A, posterior view; B, anterior view. Sharp edges are drawn in solid lines, whereas impressions, convexities, and concavities of the bone are stippled.

Figure 6 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 6. Right prootic of Doleserpeton, specimen UR1314. A, anterior view; B, posterior view. Sharp edges are drawn in solid lines, whereas impressions, convexities, and concavities of the bone are stippled.

Figure 5 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 5. Braincase and otic region of Doleserpeton, specimen UR1322. A, occipital view. B, right side in ventral view.

Figure 4 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 4. The perilymphatic systems of Latimeria and tetrapods. Schematic figures of otic capsules oriented in such a way that the anterior is to the right and the lateral is upwards in the drawings. Modified from Lombard (1980) and Fritzsch (1992).

Figure 3 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 3. The inner ear of lissamphibians (not drawn to scale). A, Ascaphus truei, dorsal view, left side. B, Ascaphus truei, ventral view, right side. C, Hynobius nigricens, dorsal view, left side. D, Caecilia occidentalis, dorsal view, left side. From Lombard (1977).

Figure 2 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 2. The occiputs of extant and fossil lissamphibians (not drawn to scale). A, Conraua goliath (from Starck, 1979). B, unidentified pipid anuran from the Upper Cretaceous In Beceten locality (from Baez & Rage, 1998). C, Cryptobranchus alleganiensis (from Carroll & Holmes, 1980). D, Hynobius naevius (from Carroll & Holmes, 1980). E, Hypogeophis rostratus (from Carroll & Currie, 1975). F, Eocaecilia micropodia (from Jenkins, Walsh & Carroll, 2007).

Figure 1 in The otic region of Doleserpeton (Temnospondyli) and its implications for the evolutionary origin of frogs

Figure 1. The otic region of Rana catesbeiana. A, right posterior part of the braincase, in ventral view. B, right side of the braincase, in posterior view (based on several specimens).

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Figure 16 in North-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species of the genus Buffonellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata): implications for biodiversity and biogeography

Figure 16. Distribution of North Atlantic and Mediterranean Buffonellaria species. Note that the Greenland location of Buffonellaria arctica sp. nov. was randomly chosen, as these samples lack specific locality information.

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Figure 15 in North-east Atlantic and Mediterranean species of the genus Buffonellaria (Bryozoa, Cheilostomata): implications for biodiversity and biogeography

Figure 15. Buffonellaria sp. 2: SMF 3015, off Sierra Leone. A, general aspect; scale bar, 200 Mm. B, Close-up of autozooecia; scale bar, 100 Mm.