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5,666 results for “Social”
Last.fm Social Connections
<p>This dataset contains a social network of Last.fm users that are part of the LFM-1b dataset [1] and has been created using the Last.fm API [2].<br> More specifically, we have adopted the breadth-first-search sampling strategy with LFM-1b users as seed nodes and crawled friends up to two hops away (friends and friends of friends). We have kept only those edges where both nodes connected by an edge are part of the original LFM-1b dataset. These edges are stored in the 'LFM-1b_social_ties.txt' file which contains 78,989 edges between 11,792 unique users.<br> Additionally, we have stored demographic and playcount information for each of these users in the 'LFM-1b_users.txt' file.<br> This dataset has been used as input for the purposes of studying homophily and link prediction with user preferences for mainstream, novelty, and diversity in music [3] and to reproduce the experiments from that study, we have also provided an open-source GitHub repository [4].</p> <p>[1] http://www.cp.jku.at/datasets/LFM-1b/<br> [2] https://www.last.fm/api<br> [3] Duricic, T., Kowald, D., Schedl, M., & Lex, E. (2021, November). My friends also prefer diverse music: homophily and link prediction with user preferences for mainstream, novelty, and diversity in music. In Proceedings of the 2021 IEEE/ACM International Conference on Advances in Social Networks Analysis and Mining (pp. 447-454).<br> [4] https://github.com/tduricic/homophily-lastfm</p>
FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3 in Rediscovery of the social wasp Mischocyttarus (Kappa) tapuya Schulz, with description of the female, larva and nest (Vespidae, Polistinae)
FIGURES 1–8. 1, 2, 3. Dorsal, lateral and frontal-lateral views of the female of M. tapuya; 4, 5. Aspects of the integument sculpture of the male (meso and metapleuron and propodeum); 6. Ventral view of the mature larva; 7. nest (largest side = 3.2 cm); 8. Map of the Belém metropolitan area with collecting locallity (Utinga) of M. tapuya.
Metabolite profiling of the social spider Stegodyphus dumicola along a climate gradient
<p>Animals experience climatic variation in their natural habitats, which may lead to variation in phenotypic responses among populations through local adaptation or phenotypic plasticity. In ectotherm arthropods, the expression of thermoprotective metabolites such as free amino acids, sugars, and polyols, in response to temperature stress, may facilitate temperature tolerance by regulating cellular homeostasis. If populations experience differences in temperatures, individuals may exhibit population-specific metabolite profiles through differential accumulation of metabolites that facilitate thermal tolerance. Such thermoprotective metabolites may originate from the animals themselves or from their associated microbiome, and hence microbial symbionts may contribute to shape the thermal niche of their host.</p> <p>The social spider Stegodyphus dumicola has extremely low genetic diversity, yet it occupies a relatively broad temperature range occurring across multiple climate zones in Southern Africa. We investigated whether the metabolome, including thermoprotective metabolites, differs between populations, and whether population genetic structure or the spider microbiome may explain potential differences. To address these questions, we assessed metabolite profiles, phylogenetic relationships, and microbiomes in three natural populations along a temperature gradient.</p> <p>The spider microbiomes in three genetically distinct populations of S. dumicola showed no significant population-specific pattern, and none of its dominating genera (Borrelia, Diplorickettsia, and Mycoplasma) are known to facilitate thermal tolerance in hosts. These results do not support a role of the microbiome in shaping the thermal niche of S. dumicola. Metabolite profiles of the three spider populations were significantly different. The variation was driven by multiple metabolites that can be linked to temperature stress (e.g. lactate, succinate or xanthine) and thermal tolerance (e.g. polyols, trehalose, or glycerol): these metabolites had higher relative abundance in spiders from the hottest geographic region. These distinct metabolite profiles are consistent with a potential role of the metabolome in temperature response.</p>
Sociality and morphology differentiate niches of 13 sympatric Amazonian woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptinae)
<p>Woodcreepers (Dendrocolaptinae) represent a remarkably uniform group of brownish birds that move by hitching up tree trunks as they forage for arthropod prey. Despite these superficial similarities, we were able to uniquely differentiate the niches of all 13 species north of Manaus by integrating morphological traits (e.g., mass and bill size) with behavioral traits (e.g., sociality, stratum use, and foraging maneuvers). The 5 ant-following (myrmecophilous) species, with their larger bodies and heavier bills, were morphologically distinct from the 7 species that join mixed-species flocks. A combination of vertical stratum, mass, and bill length further distinguished among mixed-flocking species. Two canopy species— the solitary Dendrexetastes rufigula and the mixed-flocking Lepidocolaptes albolineatus—consistently foraged at higher strata than other species. For the remaining mixed-flocking species, the largest 3 species differed significantly by mass, whereas the smallest 3 species, which overlapped broadly in mass, were uniquely distinguished by bill length. The 5 ant-following species differed in their degree of specialization on ant swarms, from facultative (Hylexetastes perrotii) to obligate (Dendrocincla merula). The ant-followers also showed nearly discrete mass distributions that essentially differed by Hutchinsonian 1:1.3 ratios, which likely allows them to maintain interspecific dominance hierarchies at the front of raiding army ant swarms. The behaviors we quantified (sociality, vertical strata, and myrmecophily), together with morphology (mass and bill size), separated all 13 species. We speculate that niche partitioning and competitive exclusion allow each woodcreeper to uniquely access invertebrate prey, permitting coexistence and contributing to high alpha diversity at our study site.</p>
On following pages: 121. Roberts's Serotine (Neoromicia robertsi); 122. Stanley's Serotine (Neoromicia stanleyi); 123. Zulu Serotine (Neoromicia zuluensis): 124. Tiny Serotine (Neoromicia guineensis); 125. Somali Serotine (Neoromicia somalica); 126. Banana Serotine (Neoromicia nanus); 127. Rendall''s Serotine (Neoromicia rendall): 128. Dark-brown Serotine (Neoromicia brunnea); 129. Rosevear's Serotine (Neoromicia rosevear): 130. Isabelline Serotine (Neoromicia isabella); 131. Grandidier's Serotine (Neoromicia grandidieri); 132. White-winged Serotine (Neoromicia tenuipinnis); 133. Heller's Serotine (Neoromicia helios); 134. De Winton's Long-eared Bat (Laephotis wintoni); 135. Angolan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis angolensis); 136. Botswanan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis botswanae); 137. Namib Long-eared Bat (Laephotis namibensis): 138. Sind Bat (Rhyneptesicus nasutus); 139. Collared Sprite (Thainycteris aureocollaris); 140. Necklace Sprite (Thainycteris torquatus); 141. Bronze Sprite (Arielulus circumdatus); 142. Social Sprite (Arielulus societatis); 143. Coppery Sprite (Arielulus cuprosus). in Vespertilionidae
On following pages: 121. Roberts's Serotine (Neoromicia robertsi); 122. Stanley's Serotine (Neoromicia stanleyi); 123. Zulu Serotine (Neoromicia zuluensis): 124. Tiny Serotine (Neoromicia guineensis); 125. Somali Serotine (Neoromicia somalica); 126. Banana Serotine (Neoromicia nanus); 127. Rendall''s Serotine (Neoromicia rendall): 128. Dark-brown Serotine (Neoromicia brunnea); 129. Rosevear's Serotine (Neoromicia rosevear): 130. Isabelline Serotine (Neoromicia isabella); 131. Grandidier's Serotine (Neoromicia grandidieri); 132. White-winged Serotine (Neoromicia tenuipinnis); 133. Heller's Serotine (Neoromicia helios); 134. De Winton's Long-eared Bat (Laephotis wintoni); 135. Angolan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis angolensis); 136. Botswanan Long-eared Bat (Laephotis botswanae); 137. Namib Long-eared Bat (Laephotis namibensis): 138. Sind Bat (Rhyneptesicus nasutus); 139. Collared Sprite (Thainycteris aureocollaris); 140. Necklace Sprite (Thainycteris torquatus); 141. Bronze Sprite (Arielulus circumdatus); 142. Social Sprite (Arielulus societatis); 143. Coppery Sprite (Arielulus cuprosus).
Data from: Not just females: the socio-ecology of social interactions between spider monkey males
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Male-male relationships are mostly characterized by competition. However, males also cooperate with one another if socio-ecological conditions are suitable. Due to their male philopatry, need for cooperation in home range defence and high degree of fission-fusion dynamics, spider monkeys provide an opportunity to investigate how male-male interactions are associated with socio-ecological factors, such as the presence of potentially receptive females, the degree of food availability and the likelihood of home range defence. We tested predictions about changes in social interactions between wild spider monkey males in relation to these factors. First, males did not change their interaction patterns when potentially receptive females were in the subgroup compared to when they were absent. Second, males tended to be less tolerant of one another when feeding, but spent more time grooming, in contact and proximity with one another when food availability was lower than when it was higher. Third, males exchanged fewer embraces, spent less time grooming, in proximity and in contact with one another, and spent more time vigilant at the home range boundary area than at other locations. Our findings contribute to the understanding of social flexibility and the importance of considering males in socio-ecological models of any group-living species.</span></p>
Heterogeneity in resource competition covaries with individual variation in long-term social relationships
<p>Resource competition among conspecifics is central to social evolution, as it serves as one of the primary selective pressures of group living. This is because the degree of competition for resources impacts the costs and benefits of social interactions. Despite this, how heterogeneity in resource competition drives variation in the type and quantity of long-term social relationships individuals foster has been overlooked. By measuring male mating competition and female foraging competition in a highly social, long-lived mammal, we demonstrate that individual variation in long-term intrasexual social relationships covaries with preferred habitat and experienced resource competition, and this effect differs based on the sex of the individual. Specifically, greater resource competition resulted in fewer social preferences, but the magnitude of the effect varied by both habitat and sex, whereas for social avoidances, both the directionality and magnitude of the effect of resource competition varied by habitat and sex. Together our work shows how fine-scale variation in individual socioecological niches (i.e., unique physical and social environments) can drive extensive variation in individual social behavior (here long-term relationships) within a population, thereby broadening current theories of social evolution.</p>
Psychometric Assessment of the Structural-Functional Social Support Scale (SFSSS) among Chinese Older Adults
<p>The data for the psychometric assessment of the Structural-Functional Social Support Scale (SFSSS) among Chinese older adults of Study 1, Study 2 and Test-retest reliability.</p> <p> </p>
Female differential allocation in response to extra-pair offspring and social mate attractiveness
<p>Renewed debate over what benefits females might gain from producing extra-pair offspring emphasizes the possibility that apparent differences in quality between within-pair and extra-pair offspring are confounded by greater maternal investment in extra-pair offspring. Moreover, the attractiveness of a female's social mate can also influence contributions of both partners to a reproductive attempt. Here we explore the complexities involved in parental investment decisions in response to extra-pair offspring and mate attractiveness with a focus on the female point of view. Adult zebra finches paired and reproduced in a colony setting. A male's early-life diet quality and his extra-pair reproductive success were used as metrics of his mating attractiveness. Females paired with males that achieved extra-pair success laid heavier eggs than other females and spent less time attending their nests than their mates or other females. Extra-pair nestlings were fed more protein-rich hen's egg than within-pair nestlings. Females producing extra-pair offspring had more surviving sons than females producing only within-pair offspring. Collectively, results show that females differentially allocate resources in response to offspring extra-pair status and their social mate's attractiveness. Females may also obtain fitness benefits through the production of extra-pair offspring.</p>
Data from: Identifying conservation priorities for gorgonian forests in Italian coastal waters with multiple methods including citizen science and social media content analysis
<div> <div> <div> <div> <p>Gorgonian forests are among the most complex of subtidal habitats in the Mediterranean Sea, supporting high biodiversity and providing diverse ecosystem services. Despite their iconic status, the geographical distribution and condition of gorgonian species is poorly known. Using multiple online data sources, our primary aims were to compile, map and analyse observations of gorgonian forests in Italian coastal waters to assess the biological complexity of gorgonian forests; evaluate impacts and vulnerable species, and identify areas of special interest inside and outside of existing MPAs to help prioritise conservation strategies and actions.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
CoMix social contact data (Slovenia)
<p>CoMix social contact data for Slovenia.</p> <p>We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of all teams involved in the implementation of the CoMix study in their country. More specifically: the team of Petra Klepac at the National Institute of Public Health.</p>
CoMix social contact data (Spain)
<p>CoMix social contact data for Spain.</p> <p>We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of all teams involved in the implementation of the CoMix study in their country. More specifically: the team of Cristina Vilaplana at the Institute for Health Science Research Germans Trias i Pujol (IGTP) that acknowledges support from the SMA-TB Project from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 847762.</p>
Data from: Experimental extra-pair copulations provide proof of concept for fertility insurance in a socially monogamous bird
<p><span>Extra-pair paternity is common among socially monogamous birds, but whether females benefit from having extra-pair copulations remains unresolved. In this study I staged single extra-pair copulations in captive pairs of socially monogamous Japanese quail (<em>Coturnix japonica</em>), and used extra-pair males of different colour to identify extra-pair fertilisations. This </span><span>eliminated among-female variation in extra-pair copulations as a source of variation in extra-pair fertilisations, and tested whether a single extra-pair copulation would insure against infertility of the social male. Overall, the probability of extra-pair fertilisation was 0.46 for the first egg that was fertilised after extra-pair copulation, but this rapidly declined over consecutive eggs in the laying sequence. However, a single extra-pair copulation was effective in ensuring fertilisation of the majority of a typical clutch in the few cases were the social male was completely infertile. Hence, my results show that variation in extra-pair paternity can be independent from variation in extra-pair copulation behaviour, and that a single, strategically timed, extra-pair copulation can largely insure against social male infertility. Among-female variation in extra-pair fertilisations, and their declining probability over the laying sequence, as typical for many bird species, can thus, in principle, be parsimoniously explained by a uniform female fertility insurance strategy.</span></p>
Extreme reproductive skew at the dawn of sociality is consistent with inclusive fitness theory but problematic for routes to eusociality
<p>To understand the earliest stages of social evolution we need to identify species that are undergoing the initial steps into sociality. <em>Amphylaeus morosus</em> is the only unambiguously known social species in the bee family Colletidae and represents an independent origin of sociality within the Apoidea. This allows us to investigate the selective factors promoting the transition from solitary to social nesting. Using genome-wide SNP genotyping, we infer robust pedigree relationships to identify maternity of brood and intracolony relatedness for colonies at the end of the reproductive season. We show that <em>A. morosus</em> forms both matrifilial and full-sibling colonies, both involving complete or almost complete monopolization over reproduction. In social colonies, the reproductive primary was also the primary forager with the secondary female remaining in the nest, presumably as a guard. Social nesting provided significant protection against parasitism and increased brood survivorship in general. We show that secondary females gain large indirect fitness benefits from defensive outcomes, enough to satisfy the conditions of inclusive fitness theory, despite an over-production of males in social colonies. These results suggest an avenue to sociality that involves high relatedness and, very surprisingly, extreme reproductive skew in its earliest stages and raises important questions about the evolutionary steps in pathways to eusociality.</p>
Database of social innovation in energy initiatives
<p>A database of n = 500 social innovation in energy initiatives.</p>
Influence of social and environmental factors for Culex quinquefasciatus distribution in Northeastern Brazil: a risk index
<p>Article data influence of social and environmental factors for Culex quinquefasciatus distribution in Northeastern Brazil: a risk index.</p>
Social-environmental index: Combining social and biophysical indicators reveals limits to growth
<p>The negative impact of the dominant socio-economic paradigm on the biosphere, on the climate,<span> and on societies themselves are acute. Yet, </span><span>the</span><span> </span><span>success</span><span> of countries</span><span> is measured by indicators known to be </span><span>limited </span><span>because they</span><span> target a socially attractive</span><span> </span><span>but environmentally</span> unsustainable<span> model of society. </span><span>A m</span><span>yriad of indicators have been proposed to address th</span><span>is</span><span> lack of relevant measurements </span><span>that assess the real</span><span> social achievements of countries. </span><span>At</span><span> the same time, the </span><span>impacts</span><span> of human societies on life and climate have </span><span>become increasingly well</span><span> monitored and</span><span> have</span><span> show</span><span>n</span><span> the ecological deadlock of </span><span>the </span><span>dominant</span><span> development model. Although social and environmental thresholds have been </span><span>highlighted</span><span>, combined indices</span><span> that</span><span> allow countries to </span><span>track</span><span> their trajectories toward </span><span>greater</span><span> social justice without </span><span>exceeding biophysical thresholds</span><span> are still lacking. </span><span>A</span><span> combined Socio-Environmental Index (SEI) is constructed</span><span> here</span><span> to fill this gap. </span><span>T</span><span>he relationship between </span><span>SEI </span><span>and </span><span>Gross Domestic Product (</span><span>GDP</span><span>)</span><span>, population density, and Sustainable Development Index</span><span> (SDI)</span><span> is then analyzed</span><span>. This allows </span><span>for</span><span> </span><span>a </span><span>re-</span><span>examination of</span><span> the Easterlin paradox from a social and environmental </span><span>perspective</span><span>. In addition, </span><span>considering</span><span> population density allows to test the influence of population on</span><span> the</span><span> country</span><span>'s</span><span> sustainability success. </span><span>It is</span><span> show</span><span>n</span><span> that combining social and environmental thresholds into a combined index is not only feasible but </span>provides<span> a useful complementary tool to</span><span> detailed and</span><span> specific social or environmental indicators. </span><span>SEI</span><span> highlights and quantifies</span><span> the</span><span> limits, already exceeded in many countries, </span><span>beyond</span><span> which economic </span><span>development</span><span> is clearly related to a decline in social achievements and </span><span>a crossing</span><span> of </span><span>biophysical thresholds</span><span>. </span><span>Unlike</span><span> GDP, p</span><span>opulation density </span><span>and</span><span> </span><span>population </span><span>growth </span><span>w</span><span>ere</span><span> not found </span><span>as </span><span>being related to</span><span> </span><span>the current unsustainable </span><span>development model</span><span>. </span><span>Therefore</span><span>, the results call for degrowth in the environmental impact of high-income countries which may result in social improvements and yield room of </span><span>maneuver</span><span> for </span><span>the </span><span>develop</span><span>ment of</span><span> social foundations in other countries. All of these transformations </span><span>require</span><span> new narratives, </span><span>goals,</span><span> and measurement tools which can be partly provided by </span><span>SEI.</span></p>
Role of Social Aggregation in the Fitness Cost of Pyrethroid-resistant German Cockroaches
<p>The data reported in the dataset refer to fitness cost of German cockroach and the effect of group size on biological attributes of field German cockroach </p>
Policy and the social burden of bald eagle recovery
<p class="MsoNormal">One of the challenges of applying endangered species policy on private property is striking an equitable balance between species protection and civil liberties. The future of many imperiled species depends on a public-private trust. We estimate the social burden of managing bald eagles on private lands within the lower Chesapeake Bay (1976-2016). We quantify the area of private and government-owned land deemed critical around nests and estimate the value of private properties as an index of burden. The bald eagle population increased from 30 to 1,052 breeding pairs and the land within nest buffers increased from 384 to 10,670 ha with >80% on private lands. Estimated value of private property "under guidelines" increased more than 900 fold. More than 94% of this burden was imposed after eagles reached recovery goals. Restricting activities on private lands to achieve diminishingly small conservation benefits threatens to undermine landowner participation in conservation efforts.</p>
Data from: Space and rank: infants expect agents in higher position to be socially dominant
<p>Social hierarchies exist throughout the animal kingdom, including among humans. Our daily interactions inevitably reflect social dominance relationships between individuals. How do we mentally represent such concepts? Studies show that social dominance is represented as vertical space (i.e., high=<span class="il">dominant</span>) by adults and preschool children, suggesting a space-dominance representational link in social cognition. However, little is known about its early development. Here, we present experimental evidence that 12- to 16-month-old <span class="il">infants</span> <span class="il">expect</span> <span class="il">agents</span> presented in a <span class="il">higher</span> spatial <span class="il">position</span> to be more <span class="il">socially</span> <span class="il">dominant</span> than <span class="il">agents</span> in a lower spatial <span class="il">position</span>. After <span class="il">infants</span> repeatedly watched the <span class="il">higher</span> and lower <span class="il">agents</span> being presented simultaneously, they looked longer at the screen when the lower agent subsequently outcompeted the <span class="il">higher</span> agent in securing a reward object, suggesting that this outcome violated their <span class="il">higher</span>-is-<span class="il">dominant</span> expectation. We first manipulated <span class="il">agents</span>' positions by presenting them on a podium (Experiment 1). Then we presented the <span class="il">agents</span> on a double-decker stand to make their spatial positions directly above or below each other (Experiment 2), and we replicated the results (Experiment 3). This research demonstrates that <span class="il">infants</span> <span class="il">expect</span> spatially <span class="il">higher</span>-positioned <span class="il">agents</span> to be <span class="il">socially</span> <span class="il">dominant</span>, suggesting deep roots of the space-dominance link in ontogeny.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.