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Figure 5 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752

Figure 5 - Representative Randeck Maar honey bees (Apis armbrusteri Zeuner). A SMNS 64674/19 [Morphotype D] B SMNS 64674/30 [Morphotype D]. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Figure 3 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752

Figure 3 - Photomicrographs of representative Randeck Maar honey bees (Apis armbrusteri Zeuner). A SMNS 64674/18 [Morphotype D] B SMNS 64674/49 [Morphotype D] C SMNS 64674/30 [Morphotype D] D SMNS 64674/35 [Morphotype D] E SMNS 64674/19 [Morphotype D] F SMNS 64674/36 [Morphotype CM]. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Figure 1 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752

Figure 1 - Modern honey bee diversity (all bees are workers and to the same scale). A Apis mellifera Linnaeus B Apis koschevnikovi Enderlein C Apis nigrocincta Smith D Apis cerana Fabricius E Apis dorsata Fabricius F Apis florea Fabricius G Apis andreniformis Smith. After Engel et al. (2009).

Figure 2 from: Engel M, Kotthoff U, Wappler T (2011) Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae). ZooKeys 96: 11-37. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.96.752

Figure 2 - Photomicrographs of representative Randeck Maar honey bees (Apis armbrusteri Zeuner). A SMNS 64675 (neotype) [Morphotype D] B SMNS 64674/12 [Morphotype D] C SMNS 64674/11b [Morphotype D?] D SMNS 64674/11a [Morphotype CM] E SMNS 64674/21 F SMNS 64674/28. Scale bar = 2 mm.

Figure 3 from: Matern A, Drees C, Hardtle W, von Oheimb G, Assmann T (2011) Historical ecology meets conservation and evolutionary genetics: a secondary contact zone between Carabus violaceus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations inhabiting ancient and recent woodlands in north-western Germany. ZooKeys 100: 545-563. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1546

Figure 3 - Correlogram showing the result of spatial autocorrelation analysis at three allozyme loci. Genetic distances D (Nei 1972) are indicated for the population pairs of the respective distance classes (squares). Dashed lines show the 95% confidence interval (1000 permutations) under the null hypothesis of spatially random differentiation. Significant deviations from the mean are indicated by filled squares (p < 0.05).

Figure 4 from: Matern A, Drees C, Hardtle W, von Oheimb G, Assmann T (2011) Historical ecology meets conservation and evolutionary genetics: a secondary contact zone between Carabus violaceus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations inhabiting ancient and recent woodlands in north-western Germany. ZooKeys 100: 545-563. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1546

Figure 4 - Maximum width of the aedeagus tip A and the quotient of maximum and minimum width of the aedeagus tip B are plotted for each population. Boxes display 25–75%- quartiles and bars indicate medians. Whiskers show the total range of values without outliers. Outliers are indicated as circles and extreme outliers as diamonds. Numbers of measured individuals per population are shown in brackets. Pie charts show frequencies of elytral sculpture classes "0" (white), "1" (grey), and "2" (black) in each population. Significant differences between populations are indicated by the lines marked with asterisks.

Figure 1 from: Matern A, Drees C, Hardtle W, von Oheimb G, Assmann T (2011) Historical ecology meets conservation and evolutionary genetics: a secondary contact zone between Carabus violaceus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations inhabiting ancient and recent woodlands in north-western Germany. ZooKeys 100: 545-563. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1546

Figure 1 - Carabus violaceus populations studied and proportion of specimens with different elytron sculptures (pie charts). White sections indicate the frequencies of smooth elytra, black sections indicate the frequencies of more than three striae per elytron, and grey sections indicate the frequencies of intermediate phenotypes, i.e. class "1". Numbers next to the pie charts indicate population number followed by sample size in brackets. The location of the study area is indicated as a white square on the map of Germany. Woodlands in the study region northwest of the town of Bramsche according to TK 50 3512 Bramsche (Landesvermessungsamt Niedersachsen 1998) are presented as striped patches. Size and position of ancient woodlands (black patches) are taken from the map by LeCoq (1805). In this study, these are called "Börsteler Wald" (in the north) and "Gehn" (in the south). White patches within woodlands indicate openings. Hedges are not shown.

Figure 2 from: Matern A, Drees C, Hardtle W, von Oheimb G, Assmann T (2011) Historical ecology meets conservation and evolutionary genetics: a secondary contact zone between Carabus violaceus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations inhabiting ancient and recent woodlands in north-western Germany. ZooKeys 100: 545-563. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.100.1546

Figure 2 - Aedeagus tip of Carabus violaceus. 1 Maximum aedeagus width (AedMax), 2 minimum aedeagus width (AedMin), and 3 preputial field.

Figure 1 from: Zessin W, Brauckmann C, Gröning E (2011) Rasnitsynala sigambrorum gen. et sp. n., a small odonatopterid ("Eomeganisoptera", "Erasipteridae") from the early Late Carboniferous of Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany). ZooKeys 130: 57-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1458

Figure 1 - Aulertupus tembrocki Zessin & Brauckmann 2010, holotype, left mesothoracic wing, preserved length 63 mm; Late Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian): Westphalian C/D; Morris, Mazon Creek, Illinois, USA, nomenclature of wing venation. From Zessin and Brauckmann (2010).

Figures 11-23 from: Wappler T, Petrulevičius J, Nel A, Rust J (2011) The diversity of Odonata and their endophytic ovipositions from the Upper Oligocene Fossillagerstätte of Rott (Rhineland, Germany). ZooKeys 130: 67-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1441

Figures 11-23 - Endophytic oviposition from the Upper Oligocene Fossillagerstätte Rott. Paleoovoidus rectus isp 11–12 On Sideroxylon salicites (HW_Ro_2.8; Sapotaceae). Paleoovoidus arcuatus isp 13 On Sideroxylon salicites (HW_Ro_2.8; Sapotaceae), showing a zigzag pattern 14–15 On Laurophyllum pseudoprinceps (Ro_10982; Lauraceae), entire leaf fossil showing the distributions of scars over the lamina. Lettered lines (a-j) point to individual rows or 'files' of oviposition marks. 16 Trace-fossil specimens GPIBo_Rott_HELL_852 on an indeterminate dicot leaf 17 Enlargement from rectangular template in Figure 16, showing details of an individual scar 18 Entire leaf fossil showing the distributions of scars over the lamina on an indeterminate dicot leaf (Ro_11887). Lettered lines (a-b) point to individual rows of oviposition marks 19 Enlargement from trapezoid template in Figure 18, showing a zigzag pattern 20 Specimen Ro_10355 (an indeterminate dicot leaf) a-c (lettered lines) point to individual rows with a consecutive and parallel pattern 21 Trace-fossil specimens Apocynophyllum sp. (GPIBo_Rott_HELL_854, Apocynaceae). Lettered lines (a-d) point to individual rows of oviposition marks oriented along the secondary venation 22 Enlargement from rectangular template in Figure 21, showing teardrop-shaped oviposition scars. Paleoovoidus bifurcatus isp 23 On Zizyphus zizyphoides (HW_Ro_58.2; Rhamnaceae). Arrows pointing to oviposition scars forming double rows located in an acute angle along to both sides of the veins. Scale bars: stippled bar, 1 cm; slashed bar, 2 mm; dotted bar, 1 mm.

Figure 2 from: Zessin W, Brauckmann C, Gröning E (2011) Rasnitsynala sigambrorum gen. et sp. n., a small odonatopterid ("Eomeganisoptera", "Erasipteridae") from the early Late Carboniferous of Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany). ZooKeys 130: 57-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1458

Figure 2 - Rasnitsynala sigambrorum gen. et sp. n., holotype, former Sippel collection no. 182 A, now collection of the LWL-Museum für Naturkunde, Westfälisches Landesmuseum mit Planetarium in Münster (Germany), positive imprint WMf.N P27781, nearly complete specimen; Early Late Carboniferous (Early Pennsylvanian: Namurian B, Marsdenian); abandoned brickyard quarry, Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany). Preserved length (= without head and posterior three segments): 24,5 mm, length of mesothoracic wing: 27 mm. Photograph by LWL- Museum für Naturkunde, Berenika Oblonczyk.

Figures 8-10 from: Wappler T, Petrulevičius J, Nel A, Rust J (2011) The diversity of Odonata and their endophytic ovipositions from the Upper Oligocene Fossillagerstätte of Rott (Rhineland, Germany). ZooKeys 130: 67-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1441

Figures 8-10 - Coenagrionidae Kirby, 1890, subfamily and genus undetermined, species A, specimen; coll. Kastenholz 8 Photograph of GPIBo KH-1a 9 Camera lucida drawing GPIBo KH-1a 10 Photograph of GPIBo KH-1b. Abbreviations: Ax – costal braces; N – nodus; Pt – pterostigma; RP – posterior radius; IR – intercalated vein; MA – anterior media; MP – posterior media; CuA – anterior cubitus. Scale bars represent 2 mm.

Figure 7 from: Wappler T, Petrulevičius J, Nel A, Rust J (2011) The diversity of Odonata and their endophytic ovipositions from the Upper Oligocene Fossillagerstätte of Rott (Rhineland, Germany). ZooKeys 130: 67-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1441

Figure 7 - Libellulidae species A from the Upper Oligocene Sapropelite- and Diatomite-Layers of Rott.7 Photograph of GPIBo Ro-37a. Abbreviations: N– nodus; RP3/4– posterior radius; MA– anterior media. Scale bar represent 5 mm.

Figures 1-6 from: Wappler T, Petrulevičius J, Nel A, Rust J (2011) The diversity of Odonata and their endophytic ovipositions from the Upper Oligocene Fossillagerstätte of Rott (Rhineland, Germany). ZooKeys 130: 67-89. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1441

Figures 1-6 - Paleotramea cellulosa (Hagen, 1863) from the Upper Oligocene Sapropelite- and Diatomite-Layers of Rott 1 Photograph of GPIBo A-626 2 Photograph of GPIBo A-637a 3 Photograph of GPIBo A-624 4 Photograph of GPIBo A-636b 5 Photograph of GPIBo Ro-2032 6 Photograph of GPIBo A-636 a. Abbreviations: N – nodus; Pt – pterostigma; RP3/4 – posterior radius; MP – posterior media; CuA – anterior cubitus. Scale bars represent 5 mm.

Figure 3 from: Zessin W, Brauckmann C, Gröning E (2011) Rasnitsynala sigambrorum gen. et sp. n., a small odonatopterid ("Eomeganisoptera", "Erasipteridae") from the early Late Carboniferous of Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany). ZooKeys 130: 57-66. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.130.1458

Figure 3 - Drawing of Rasnitsynala sigambrorum gen. et sp. n., holotype, former Sippel collection no. 182 A, now collection of the LWL-Museum für Naturkunde, Westfälisches Landesmuseum mit Planetarium in Münster (Germany), positive imprint WMf.N P27781, nearly complete specimen; Early Late Carboniferous (Early Pennsylvanian: Namurian B, Marsdenian); abandoned brickyard quarry, Hagen-Vorhalle (Germany). Body structure schematized. Preserved length (= without head and posterior three segments): 24.5 mm, length of mesothoracic wing: 27 mm. Drawing by Wolfgang Zessin, Jasnitz (Germany).

Figure 4 from: Wesener T, Voigtländer K, Decker P, Oeyen JP, Spelda J (2016) Barcoding of Central European Cryptops centipedes reveals large interspecific distances with ghost lineages and new species records from Germany and Austria (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). ZooKeys 564: 21-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.564.7535

Figure 4 - Distribution map of all successfully sequenced Central European specimens of Cryptops parisi. Different colours mark the three different clades. Yellow = Cryptops parisi sensu stricto; blue = Cryptops parisi sebini; green = Cryptops parisi lineage 3 (potentially Cryptops cf. hortensis sensu Pichler 1987).

Figure 3 from: Wesener T, Voigtländer K, Decker P, Oeyen JP, Spelda J (2016) Barcoding of Central European Cryptops centipedes reveals large interspecific distances with ghost lineages and new species records from Germany and Austria (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). ZooKeys 564: 21-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.564.7535

Figure 3 - Frequency distribution of pairwise intraspecific (blue) and interspecific (red) distances. All lineages of Cryptops parisi treated as one species, Cryptops parisi sensu lato. Basic table see Suppl. material 1.

Figure 2 from: Wesener T, Voigtländer K, Decker P, Oeyen JP, Spelda J (2016) Barcoding of Central European Cryptops centipedes reveals large interspecific distances with ghost lineages and new species records from Germany and Austria (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). ZooKeys 564: 21-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.564.7535

Figure 2 - Maximum likelihood tree under the GTR+G+I model, 1000 bootstrap replicates. Colours and symbols correspond to Maps (Figs 1, 4). Country of origin given after specimen number: AT = Austria; DE = Germany; GB = Wales; HR = Croatia; IT = Italy; SL = Slovenia. Photograph shows a specimen of Cryptops parisi s.s. from Breckerfeld (photo A. Steiner), western Germany. For full data on all specimens, see Table 1.

Figure 1 from: Wesener T, Voigtländer K, Decker P, Oeyen JP, Spelda J (2016) Barcoding of Central European Cryptops centipedes reveals large interspecific distances with ghost lineages and new species records from Germany and Austria (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). ZooKeys 564: 21-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.564.7535

Figure 1 - Distribution map of all successfully sequenced Central European specimens of Cryptops. Numbers refer to each specimen (see Table 1). Symbols and colours denote species. Blue rectangle = Cryptops parisi; red circle = Cryptops anomalans; green triangle = Cryptops hortensis; brown diamond = Cryptops croaticus; orange cross = Cryptops umbricus; light blue, orange, and yellow symbols mark undetermined Cryptops species.

Figure 5 from: Wesener T, Voigtländer K, Decker P, Oeyen JP, Spelda J (2016) Barcoding of Central European Cryptops centipedes reveals large interspecific distances with ghost lineages and new species records from Germany and Austria (Chilopoda, Scolopendromorpha). ZooKeys 564: 21-46. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.564.7535

Figure 5 - Frequency distribution of pairwise intraspecific (blue) and interspecific (red) distances. The three lineages of Cryptops parisi treated as different species. Basic table see Suppl. material 1.