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FIGURES 37–42 in Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003

FIGURES 37–42. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 37–39 L. (Lethrus) fallax Nikolajev, 1975 (37 view frontal, 38 lateral view, 39 dorsal view); 40–42 L. (Paralethrus) crassus Hillert, 2014 (40 frontal view, 41 lateral view, 42 dorsal view, after Hillert 2004).

FIGURES 43–48 in Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003

FIGURES 43–48. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 43–45 L. (Paralethrus) bituberculatus macrodon Nikolajev, 1969 (43 frontal view, 44 lateral view, 45 dorsal view, after Hillert 2004); 46–48 L. (Abrognathus) tuberculifrons Ballion, 1871 (46 frontal view, 47 lateral view, 48 dorsal view).

FIGURES 18–23 in Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003

FIGURES 18–23. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 18–20 L. (Furcilethrus) banghaasi Reitter, 1893 (18 frontal view, 19 lateral view, 20 dorsal view); 21–23 L. (Furcilethrus) tenuidens tenuidens Reitter, 1890 (21 frontal view, 22 lateral view, 23 dorsal view).

FIGURES 5–8. Aedeagus, schematically. 5 L in Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003

FIGURES 5–8. Aedeagus, schematically. 5 L. (Lethrus) ares Král, Rejsek & Schneider, 2001 (lateral view); 6 L. (Paralethrus) bituberculatus macrodon Nikolajev, 1969 (lateral view); 7 L. (Mesolethrus) inermis Reitter, 1897 (dorsal view); 8 L. (M.) elisae Nikolajev, 2001 (dorsal view).

FIGURES 36 in Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003

FIGURES 36. Metafemur of Lethrus (Teratolethrus) baiocchii Hillert & Sechi, 2014 after Hillert & Sechi 2014).

FIGURES 9–12 in Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003

FIGURES 9–12. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 9–10 L. (Ceratodirus) karelini Gebler, 1845 (9 frontal view, 10 lateral view); 11–12 L. (Ceratodirus) cephalotes Pallas, 1771 (11 frontal view, 12 lateral view).

FIGURES 30–35 in Sinolethrus, a new subgenus of the genus Lethrus Scopoli, 1777 from China (Coleoptera: Geotrupidae: Lethrinae) and new synonymy of the subgenus Paralethrus Nikolajev, 2003

FIGURES 30–35. Head of Lethrus species with mandibular appendix, keels and hornlike apophyses of mandibles (males), schematically. 30–32 L. (Autolethrus) tshatkalensis Protzenko, 1965 (30 frontal view, 31 lateral view, 32 dorsal view); 33–35 L. (Teratolethrus) baiocchii Hillert & Sechi, 2014 (33 frontal view, 34 lateral view).

FIGURES 19–23 in New descriptions, synonymies and records in South American Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

FIGURES 19–23. Tybalmia mydas (Lucas, 1859). 19–21) Male from Brazil (Amazonas, Benjamin Constant): 19) Dorsal habitus; 19) Head, lateral habitus; 20) Head, frontal view. 22–23) Female from Brazil (Ceará, Carquejo): 22) Dorsal habitus; 23) Head, frontal view.

FIGURES 11–18 in New descriptions, synonymies and records in South American Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

FIGURES 11–18. Tybalmia diffusa sp. nov. 11–15) Holotype male: 11) Dorsal habitus; 12) Ventral habitus; 13) Lateral habitus; 14) Head, frontal view; 15) Pro- and mesocoxae; prosternal and mesoventral processes. 16–18) Paratype female: 16) Head, frontal view; 17) Dorsal habitus; 18) Ventral habitus.

FIGURES 1–10. Colobothea spp. 1–7 in New descriptions, synonymies and records in South American Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

FIGURES 1–10. Colobothea spp. 1–7) C. androwi sp. nov., holotype female: 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Ventral habitus; 3) Lateral habitus; 4) Head, frontal view; 5) Scape; 6) Distance between antennal tubercles; 7) Ventrite 5. 8–10) C. vaamondei Devesa & Santos-Silva, 2022, holotype female: 8) Scape; 9) Distance between antennal tubercles; 10) Ventrite 5.

FIGURES 30–37. Tybalmia spp. 30–36 in New descriptions, synonymies and records in South American Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

FIGURES 30–37. Tybalmia spp. 30–36) Tybalmia pupillata (Pascoe, 1859): 30) Male from Brazil (Amazonas, Benjamin Constant), dorsal habitus; 31) Male from Brazil (Amazonas, Benjamin Constant), head, frontal view; 32) Female from Bolivia (Chaparé), head, frontal view; 33) Female from Bolivia (Chaparé), dorsal habitus; 34) Female from Peru (Rio Toro), dorsal habitus; 35) Female from Peru (Rio Toro), head, frontal view; 36) Tybalmia orbis Dillon & Dillon, 1945, holotype female, by Jesus Santiago Moure. 37) Tybalmia mydas (Lucas, 1859), drawing from the original description.

FIGURES 24–29 in New descriptions, synonymies and records in South American Lamiinae (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae)

FIGURES 24–29. Tybalmia pupillata (Pascoe, 1859). 24–26) Male from Peru (Satipo): 24) Dorsal habitus; 25) Head, frontal view; 26) Head, lateral habitus. 27–29) Male from Bolivia (Beni): 27) Dorsal habitus; 28) Head, frontal view; 29) Head, lateral habitus.

FIGURE 2 in Solving nomenclatural problems of genus-group names of the cuckoo-wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae): objectively invalid and unavailable names, new type-species designations, new names, a new genus and new synonymies

FIGURE 2. Morphochrysis gen. nov., third metasomal tergum, postero-lateral view. A. M. personata, ³; B. M. pulchella, ♀; C. M. diadema, ³; D. M. atechka, ♀; E. M. asahinai, ♀; F. M. urakensis, ³; G. M. mosulensis, ♀; H. M. tedshensis, ♀;

FIGURE 1 in Solving nomenclatural problems of genus-group names of the cuckoo-wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae): objectively invalid and unavailable names, new type-species designations, new names, a new genus and new synonymies

FIGURE 1. Morphochrysis gen. nov., habitus, dorsal view. A. M. asahinai, ♀; B. M. andradei, ♀; C. M. atechka, ♀; D. M. atechka, ³; E. M. pulchella, ³; F. M. pulchella, ♀; G. M. dives, ³; H. M. dives, ♀; I. M. personata, ³; J. M. rubicunda, ♀; K. M. trisinuata, ♀; L. M. turceyana, ♀;

FIGURE 3 in Solving nomenclatural problems of genus-group names of the cuckoo-wasps (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae): objectively invalid and unavailable names, new type-species designations, new names, a new genus and new synonymies

FIGURE 3. Morphochrysis gen. nov., fifth and sixth female metasomal terga. A–B. M. pulchella; C–D. M. calimorpha; E–F. M. goetheana.

FIGURE 10 in The pest sap beetle Carpophilus Myothorax truncatus Murray, 1864 (Coleoptera Nitidulidae)-a new synonymy and a related new species of Carpophilus

FIGURE 10. Phylogenetic relationships of Carpophilus species from COI DNA sequences (Maximum Likelihood tree). New sequences obtained from Australian specimens in the present study are shown in bold text, with lifestages indicated. GenBank sequences are indicated by accession numbers in round brackets, with species identifications taken directly from GenBank, and countries of origin for the three C. dimidiatus complex species shown in square brackets. Additional sequences unable to be downloaded and included on this tree from the BOLD database match C. truncatus (>99%) originating from Israel (C. dimidiatus on BOLD, non-public data) and Carpophilus imitatus sp. nov. (100%) originating from Cambodia and South Korea (C. dimidiatus on BOLD, non-public data).

FIGURE 8 in The pest sap beetle Carpophilus Myothorax truncatus Murray, 1864 (Coleoptera Nitidulidae)-a new synonymy and a related new species of Carpophilus

FIGURE 8. Additional species and characters used in dichotomous key A) Carpophilus sp., lateral head and pronotum B) Urophorus humeralis, lateral head and pronotum C) Brachypeplus sp., dorsal habitus, D) C. davidsoni dorsal habitus, E) C. dimidiatus, male paralectotype, dorsal habitus, (image taken by Michael Kuhlmann (ZMUK)), F) C. hemipterus, dorsal habitus, G) C. mutialtus, dorsal habitus, H) C. nepos, dorsal habitus, I) U. humeralis, dorsal habitus, J) C. obsoletus, dorsal habitus.

FIGURE 9 in The pest sap beetle Carpophilus Myothorax truncatus Murray, 1864 (Coleoptera Nitidulidae)-a new synonymy and a related new species of Carpophilus

FIGURE 9. Additional characters used in dichotomous key. A) prosternum and mesosternal plate with carina, C. hemipterus, B) prosternum and mesosternal plate without carina, Carpophilus sp., C) metaventrite with large axillary space, C. marginellus, (photo image source from PaDIL (2022) website), D) metaventrite with small smooth axillary space, Carpophilus sp., E) tubercle on 9th segment of ♀, C. davidsoni, (illustration adapted from Leschen & Marris 2005, page 39), F) asymmetrical mandibles, male C. mutilatus, (illustration adapted from Leschen & Marris 2005, page 38), G) prosternum and hypomeron with extensive pitting, C. dimidiatus, (photo image source from Walker (2023) PaDIL website), H) prosternum and hypomeron smooth with little pitting, C. davidsoni, ….(photo image source from Walker (2023) PaDIL website), I) hind tibia, C. dimidiatus ♁ paralectotype, metatibia (image taken by Michael Kuhlmann (ZMUK)).

FIGURE 5. Fifth instar larvae, Carpophilus truncatus. A in The pest sap beetle Carpophilus Myothorax truncatus Murray, 1864 (Coleoptera Nitidulidae)-a new synonymy and a related new species of Carpophilus

FIGURE 5. Fifth instar larvae, Carpophilus truncatus. A) dorsal habitus, B) lateral habitus, C) ventral head, D) lateral head and pronotum, E) lateral abdomen, 9th segment with dorsal sclerotized plate, F) dorsal view of 9th abdominal segment dorsal sclerotized plate. mas: medial anterior setae, pgs: pregomphal setae; pg: pregomphus, sas: sublateral anterior setae; ug: urogomphus.

FIGURE 7 in The pest sap beetle Carpophilus Myothorax truncatus Murray, 1864 (Coleoptera Nitidulidae)-a new synonymy and a related new species of Carpophilus

FIGURE 7. Carpophilus imitatus sp. nov., ♁ paratype (VAITC 8601), A) – G). A) dorsal habitus, B) lateral habitus, C) ventral habitus, D) prosternum and hypomeron, E) metatibia, F) paramere, lateral view, G) paramere, dorsal view. ♀ paratype (8607), H) – M). H) dorsal habitus, I) lateral habitus, J) ventral habitus, K) prosternum and hypomeron, L) metatibia, M) antenna.