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FIGURE 17 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 17. —Pachygrapsus polyodous Stebbing, 1921. Holotype male 18 x 22 mm, from Stebbing (1921, pl. 16): a) carapace and P5; b) detail of lateral margin of carapace; c) right chela, terminal portion, inner face.

FIGURE 2 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 2. —Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840. a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela outer face, d) left P5, e) male abdomen. a) male 26.5 x 29.8 mm, California (USNM 32234); b–e, male 27.0 x 30.8 mm, California (MNHN B12892).

FIGURE 1 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 1. —Pachygrapsus corrugatus (von Martens, 1872). a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) male abdomen. a–c, ov. female 13.6 x 15.2 mm, Virgin Is. (USNM 72340); d) male 15.4 x 17.3 mm, Bahamas (USNM 122786).

FIGURE 6 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 6. —Pachygrapsus loveridgei Chace, 1966. a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P5; e) male abdomen. a, d, holotype male 10.3 x 13.1 mm, St. Helena I. (USNM 112457); b, c, e, male 8.1 x 10 mm, St. Helena I. (MNHN B17836).

FIGURE 7 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 7. —Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787). Male 24.5 x 26.8 mm, Tunisia (USNM 258082): a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face, d) right P5, e) abdomen.

FIGURE 3 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 3. —Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun (1907). a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P5; e) male abdomen; f) female abdomen. a, b, d, f, ov. female 15.0 x 16.5 mm (MNHN B25782); c, e, holotype male 18.0 x 19.4 mm (USNM 32844).

FIGURE 4 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 4. —Pachygrapsus gracilis (de Saussure, 1858). a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P5; e) male abdomen. a, c–e, male 14.9 x 19.5 mm, Florida (USNM 170178); b) ov. female 8.5 x 11 mm, Angola (MNHN B12903).

FIGURE 16 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 16. —Geographic distribution of: a) Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840 (Stars); b) Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850) (full dots); and c) P. laevimanus Stimpson, 1858 (empty dots). a–b, mostly from literature; c) from collections examined during this study. Occurrence of P. laevimanus at Easter I. uncertain (?) and must be confirmed by examination of G1 (see text).

FIGURE 5 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 5. —Pachygrapsus laevimanus Stimpson, 1858. Neotype male 18.0 x 21.7 mm (AM P7478): a) dorsal view; b) front; c) left chela, outer face; d) right P3; e) right P5; f) abdomen.

FIGURE 14 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 14. —Infra–orbital margin: a) Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun (1907), ov. female 15.0 x 16.5 mm, Taiaro, French Polynesia (MNHN B25782); b) Pachygrapsus laevimanus Stimpson, 1858, neotype male 18.0 x 21.7 mm, Sydney, Australia (AM P7478); c) Pachygrapsus minutus A. MilneEdwards, 1873, male 5.2 x 7.0 mm, Moruroa, French Polynesia (MNHN B29273); d) Pachygrapsus planifrons de Man, 1888, male 7.0 x 9.0 mm, Rangiroa, French Polynesia (UF 1490); e) Pachygrapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), male 12.1 x 15.3 mm, Taiaro, French Polynesia (MNHN B29279); f) Pachygrapsus corrugatus (von Martens, 1872) ov. female 13.6 x 15.2 mm, Virgin Is. (USNM 72340); g) Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840, male 31.9 x 36.6 mm, Sagami Bay, Japan (NSMT Cr7516); h) Pachygrapsus gracilis (de Saussure, 1858), ov. female 8.5 x 11 mm, Angola (MNHN B12903); i) Pachygrapsus loveridgei Chace, 1966, male 8.1 x 10 mm, St. Helena I. (MNHN B17836); j) Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787), female 12.7 x 14.3 mm, Préfailles, France (MNHN B22654); k) Pachygrapsus maurus (Lucas, 1846), female 12.7 x 14.3 mm, Banyuls, France (MNHN B12933); l) Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850), male 17.0 x 22.5 mm, French Guiana (MNHN B16013). Scale bar 1 mm.

FIGURE 15 in A revision of the genus Pachygrapsus Randall, 1840 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura, Grapsidae), with special reference to the Southwest Pacific species

FIGURE 15. —Male gonopods: a) Pachygrapsus fakaravensis Rathbun (1907), holotype 18.0 x 19.4 mm, Fakarava, French Polynesia (USNM 32844), right G1, abdominal face (left) and detail of terminal portion, sternal face (right); b) Pachygrapsus laevimanus Stimpson, 1858, neotype 18.0 x 21.7 mm, Sydney, Australia (AM P7478), left G1, abdominal (left) and sternal face (right), setae omitted; c) Pachygrapsus minutus A. MilneEdwards, 1873, cl 8.2 mm, Caroline Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted; d) Pachygrapsus planifrons de Man, 1888, 9.5 x 11.8 mm, Hawaiian Is. (USNM 29350), right G1, abdominal (left) and sternal face (right); e) Pachygrapsus plicatus (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), cl 11.7 mm, Hawaiian Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right); f) Pachygrapsus corrugatus (von Martens, 1872), cl 8.5 mm, Ascension I., left G1 abdominal face (left) and detail of terminal portion, setae omitted (right); g) Pachygrapsus crassipes Randall, 1840, cl 35.6 mm, California, lateral (left) and abdominal face (right) setae omitted; h) Pachygrapsus gracilis (de Saussure, 1858), cl 8.7 mm, Virgin Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted; i) Pachygrapsus loveridgei Chace, 1966, holotype 10.3 x 13.1 mm, St. Helena I. (USNM 112457), left G1, abdominal (left) and sternal face (right); j) Pachygrapsus marmoratus (Fabricius, 1787), cl 30.5 mm, Gibraltar, lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted; k) Pachygrapsus maurus (Lucas, 1846), cl 8.5 mm, Canary Is., lateral (left) and abdominal face (right) setae omitted; l) Pachygrapsus transversus (Gibbes, 1850), cl 11.1 mm, Key West, Florida, lateral (left) and abdominal face (right), setae omitted. (c, e, g–l, from Chace, 1966, fig. 10–11; f, from Manning & Chace, 1990, fig. 43). Approximate magnification x 6 (x 12 for detail of terminal portion).

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FIGURE III2. Phylogeny of Phasia (part 2) Character numbers above boxes refer to the characters in Table 1; numbers below boxes refer to transformation series states. Black bars on right side refer to the monphyletic groups discussed in the text. in Systematics of Phasia Latreille (Diptera: Tachinidae)

FIGURE III2. Phylogeny of Phasia (part 2) Character numbers above boxes refer to the characters in Table 1; numbers below boxes refer to transformation series states. Black bars on right side refer to the monphyletic groups discussed in the text.

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FIGURE III1. Phylogeny of Phasia (part 1) Character numbers above boxes refer to the characters in Table 1; numbers below boxes refer to transformation series states; black bars on right side refer to the monphyletic groups discussed in the text. in Systematics of Phasia Latreille (Diptera: Tachinidae)

FIGURE III1. Phylogeny of Phasia (part 1) Character numbers above boxes refer to the characters in Table 1; numbers below boxes refer to transformation series states; black bars on right side refer to the monphyletic groups discussed in the text.

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FIGURE 2 in Plaubelia burmensis, a new name for P. perinvoluta (Pottiaceae), with special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Plaubelia and Hyophila

FIGURE 2. The consensus tree from maximum parsimony analysis of a combined molecular dataset. Values above the branches indicate Bayesian posterior probability (≥0.95) and the maximum parsimony bootstrap support (≥70) (from left to right). Values below the branches show maximum likelihood bootstrap support (≥70).

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FIGURE 1. Plaubelia burmensis. A. Plants. B in Plaubelia burmensis, a new name for P. perinvoluta (Pottiaceae), with special reference to the phylogenetic relationship between Plaubelia and Hyophila

FIGURE 1. Plaubelia burmensis. A. Plants. B. Transverse section of a young stem. C. Leaves of young shoot (upper part) of a plant. D. Leaves of the rosulate part of a plant. E. Transverse sections of leaves. F. Leaf apex. G. Basal part of leaf (A−F from Mao 101, SZG, drawn by P. Ma).

FIGURE 13 in A taxonomic survey of the genus Vitis L. (Vitaceae) in Italy, with special reference to Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago)

FIGURE 13. Vitis ×instabilis. Leaf blade variability: a–d, g–j) adaxial surface; e–f) abaxial surface.

FIGURE 4. A–D in A taxonomic survey of the genus Vitis L. (Vitaceae) in Italy, with special reference to Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago)

FIGURE 4. A–D) Leaf bases; E–H) leaf margin teeth. A) U-shaped leaf base in V. ×instabilis; B) Lyre-shaped leaf base in V. vinifera; C) V-shaped leaf base in V. ×ruggerii; D) truncate leaf base in V. rupestris; E, G) acute teeth in V.riparia (E) and in V. ×instabilis (G); F, H) obtuse teeth in V ×ruggerii (F) and in V. ×koberi (H).

FIGURE 3. A–H in A taxonomic survey of the genus Vitis L. (Vitaceae) in Italy, with special reference to Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago)

FIGURE 3. A–H) Abaxial leaf surface pubescence. A) V. vinifera; B) V. labrusca; C) V. riparia; D) V. ×koberi; E) V. rupestris; F) V. ×instabilis; G) V. cinerea; H) V. ×ruggerii. All photos by Michele Zilioli.

FIGURE 11 in A taxonomic survey of the genus Vitis L. (Vitaceae) in Italy, with special reference to Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago)

FIGURE 11. Geographical distribution in Elba Island of V. vinifera and V. ×instabilis. The white dot identifies the two close historical growing sites of V. vinifera.

FIGURE 2. A, C, E–G in A taxonomic survey of the genus Vitis L. (Vitaceae) in Italy, with special reference to Elba Island (Tuscan Archipelago)

FIGURE 2. A, C, E–G) Petiole insertion (abaxial surface); B, D, H) petiole insertion detail. A–B) V. cinerea; C–D) V. ×koberi; E–F, H) V. vinifera; G) V. labrusca. All photos by Michele Zilioli.