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4 results for “15N labelling”
Contrasting effects of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nitrogen absorption of C3 and C4 grasses: Evidence from microcosm and 15N labeling experiments
<p><strong><em>Background and aims</em></strong></p> <p>Nitrogen (N) captured by arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a major pathway in the N uptake of host plants. However, the relative contribution of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to N uptake in different plant functional types has not been well assessed.</p> <p><strong><em>Methods</em></strong></p> <p>Two dominant plant species in semiarid steppe ecosystems on the Mongolian plateau, i.e. <em>Leymus chinensis </em>(C<sub>3</sub> grass) and <em>Cleistogenes squarrosa</em> (C<sub>4</sub> grass), were selected in this study. We conducted a greenhouse manipulation experiment using novel microcosms combined with <sup>15</sup>N labeling techniques and investigated the effect of indigenous AMF on plant growth and quantified their relative contribution to N uptake under high and low levels of available soil N. </p> <p><strong><em>Results</em></strong></p> <p>Indigenous AMF contribute more to N uptake in C<sub>3</sub> grass than that in C<sub>4</sub> grass, and mycorrhizal partners act as parasites for C<sub>4</sub> plant growth. For <em>L. chinensis</em>, indigenous AM symbiosis suppressed plant growth under low soil N but improved plant growth under high soil N conditions. AMF contributed to <em>c.</em> 23% and 20% of the total plant N uptake under low and high soil N conditions, respectively. For <em>C. squarrosa</em>, indigenous AM symbiosis consistently inhibited plant growth under both low and high soil N conditions, and the percent contributions of AMF to N uptake were only <em>c.</em> 9% and 7%, respectively.</p> <p><strong><em>Conclusions</em></strong></p> <p>Our results demonstrate that indigenous AM symbiosis plays a vital role in N uptake by host plants, even in the absence of a positive growth response. AMF can modify the fitness of C<sub>3</sub> and C<sub>4</sub> grasses and thereby alter plant community composition and ecosystem N cycling, particularly under high N conditions. Our study has important implications for improving global N cycling models in the face of increasing global N deposition.</p>
Contrasting effects of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on nitrogen absorption of C3 and C4 grasses: Evidence from microcosm and 15N labeling experiments
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Retention fraction of 15N-labelled deposited ammonium and nitrate in forests
<p>The impacts of enhanced nitrogen (N) deposition on global forest carbon (C) sink and other ecosystem services may depend on whether N is deposited in reduced (mainly as ammonium) or oxidized forms (mainly as nitrate) and the subsequent fate of each. However, the fates of the two key reactive N forms and its contribution to forest C sink is unclear. W<span><span>e conducted ecosystem-scale paired <sup>15</sup>N-labelling experiments in nine forests across China to quantify N retention fractions for both deposited ammonium and nitrate, including tropical and sub-tropical forests for the first time. By combining these results with four previous experiments from temperate Europe and North America, here we show that total ecosystem N retention is similar for ammonium and nitrate, but plants consistently take up more of the labelled nitrate than ammonium<sup> </sup> while soils retain more ammonium than nitrate. Nitrogen retention in plants and soils across sites is predicted by a combination of tree (NPP and woody biomass) and soil (organic layer mass and soil C/N ratios) variables. Greater proportions of deposited N are retained in N-limited ecosystems with low soil N availability and high soil C/N ratios. We estimate that N deposition-induced C sink in forests contributes more than 20% of the total terrestrial C sink. Although less N is deposited in oxidized than reduced state, their total contributions to the global forest C sink are approximately equal due to more efficient use by trees of the oxidized than the reduced form. Our study demonstrates differential fates of reduced and oxidized N deposition that improves current understanding of the C-N interaction in forests and indicates a greater C sink attributable to atmospheric N deposition than previous estimates.</span></span></p>
Retention fraction of 15N-labelled deposited ammonium and nitrate in forests
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