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1,651 results for “1992”
Carbon Budget at the Harvard Forest 1992-2015
How, where, and why carbon (C) moves into and out of an ecosystem through time are long-standing questions in biogeochemistry. Here, we bring together hundreds of thousands of C-cycle observations at the Harvard Forest in central Massachusetts, USA, a mid-latitude landscape dominated by 80–120-year-old closed-canopy forests. These data answered four questions: (i) where and how much C is presently stored in dominant forest types; (ii) what are current rates of C accrual or loss; (iii) what biotic and abiotic factors contribute to variability in these rates; and (iv) is climate change affecting the forest’s C cycle? Harvard Forest is an active C sink resulting from forest regrowth following land abandonment. Soil and tree biomass comprise nearly equal portions of existing C stocks. Net primary production (NPP) averaged 750–970 g C m-2 yr-1; belowground NPP contributed 30–60% of the total. Mineral soil C measured in the same inventory plots in 1992 and 2013 were too heterogeneous to detect change in soil-C pools; however, radiocarbon data suggest a small but persistent sink of 10–30 g C m-2 yr-1. Net ecosystem production (NEP) in hardwood stands averaged ~300 g C m-2 yr-1. NEP in hemlock-dominated forests averaged ~450 g C m-2 yr-1 prior to infestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) in 2013, and then became a net C source. Stand dynamics and climate change in the last three decades enhanced the C sink in hardwood stands; NPP increased 26% between 2000–2014 (p = 0.02) and NEP increased 93% between 1992–2015 (p = 0.13). Compared to long-term global change experiments at the Harvard Forest, the C sink in regrowing biomass equaled or exceeded C cycle modifications imposed by soil warming, N saturation, and hemlock removal. Median forest biomass in the surrounding ecoregion was only 78% of that at the Harvard Forest due to higher timber harvesting rates across the region. Results of this synthesis and comparison to simulation models suggest that forests across the reg
Aboveground net primary productivity data for Saddle grid, 1992 - ongoing.
Total aboveground live vascular biomass was clipped from 50x20 cm plots in areas near the saddle grid permanent plots on Niwot Ridge to measure net primary productivity. NDVI measurements were also included in some years.
Interagency Ecological Program: Integrated Dataset of Phytoplankton Enumeration Data in the San Francisco Estuary, 1992-2024
Phytoplankton community composition is an important driver of zooplankton productivity and food supply for higher trophic levels in the San Francisco Estuary. Various monitoring surveys throughout the region collect phytoplankton enumeration data dating back to the 1990s. These include surveys from the CA Department of Water Resources (CADWR), CA Department of Fish and Wildlife (CDFW), the US Bureau of Reclamation (USBR), and the US Geological Survey (USGS). These surveys collect data via various sampling and laboratory methods which are not always directly comparable. This integrated dataset includes both enumeration counts and well-documented metadata to allow for informed decision-making in the integration of these data. It also standardizes taxonomic names between groups via a key list. Note that, in this dataset, we make conservative decisions about taxonomic resolution to ensure maximum compatibility between groups. For more detailed metadata and higher taxonomic resolution, refer to individual surveys’ publications or reach out to their primary contact.
Hydrocarbon Concentrations at Harvard Forest EMS Tower 1992-2001
Hydrocarbons are products of incomplete combustion and also emitted by vegetation. Hydrocarbons are important precursors for photochemical ozone formation. A system to quantify concentrations of several low-molecular weight hydrocarbons was installed at the EMS tower in the summer of 1992. The measurements were intended to help resolve questions about the potential reactivity in rural New England atmosphere and identify and quantify biogenic hydrocarbon emissions.
Phenology and Vegetation Growth in Prospect Hill Soil Warming Experiment at Harvard Forest 1992-1993
As the mean annual temperature of northeast North America rises as a component of global climatic change, it is important to understand how the predominant vegetation of the region will be affected. Existing experimental and correlative evidence from field sites suggests that temperature rise will significantly modify soil processes, nutrient availability, and plant growth. We investigated the responses of temperate deciduous forest vegetation to artificial soil warming at 20 sampling dates during the 1992 and 1993 growing season. We explored whether soil warming measurably altered growth and the temporal dynamics of leaf and fruit production in 26 species of three contrasting plant growth forms (herbaceous perennials, shrubs, and canopy trees). We hypothesized that soil warming would exert differential effects on emergence, phenology, leaf expansion rates, growth, photosynthesis, and vegetative and sexual reproduction among species, with implications for changing community structure in these forests. Timing of leaf emergence and flower production was not affected by treatment in saplings; however, mature trees and shrubs leafed out slightly earlier and in larger numbers in heated plots. Soil warming significantly enhanced relative growth in stem diameters of woody plants, especially shrubs, in 1992. This effect was less pronounced in 1993. Species richness was lower in heated plots than in intact control plots in both years; disturbed but unheated control plots showed the lowest species richness of all plots. Changes in relative abundance of herbaceous species from 1992 to 1993 were not significantly affected by treatment. Rank abundances of species were more stable between years in the heated and disturbance-control plots than in the intact plots. Total density of herbaceous species was highest in heated plots during April and May of both years, reflecting greatly accelerated emergence of two dominant species, Maianthemum canadense and Uvularia sessilifolia, due t
Snow depth data for Saddle grid, 1992 - ongoing.
The depth of snow was measured at 88 points on the saddle grid. The 500 x 350 m study area (17.5 ha) consisted of a grid of 8 rows of stakes in an east/west direction and 11 rows of stakes in a north/south direction (for a total of 88 stakes). The stakes were located 50 m apart. Each stake was given a point identification number starting with 1 in the southwest corner and progressing in an easterly direction for each of the east/west rows so that if head of this file represented the north compass point and the tail represented the south compass point, then the grid would look like this: 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 801(=80A) 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 701(=70A) 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 601(=60A) 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 501(=50A) 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 401(=40A) 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 301(=30A) 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 201(=20A) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 101(=10A) Note that stakes along the east boundary of the grid, i.e. those ending with the "A", were given new designations to facilitate incorporation of the data into the Saddle GIS. Snow depths at each of the stakes were recorded on a weekly to biweekly basis throughout the period during which snow accumulation existed on the Saddle.
Snow depth data for saddle snowfence, 1992 - ongoing.
A snowfence was built in 1993 on the Niwot Ridge Saddle grid to determine the effects of changes in snowpack on a number of variables. The study area was 60m x 125m. Snow depths were measured at each of 147 points within the snowfence experiment area and at 6 control locations outside of but near the snowfence experiment area. Of the 147 points, 84 were located on the leeward (east) side of the snowfence, 56 were located on the windward (west) side of the snowfence, and 7 were located along the snowfence itself. These measurements were made weekly to biweekly. Sampling locations were each given a unique point identification number so that these data could be incorporated into the Saddle GIS. The snowfence was oriented in a north/south direction and was 60 m long. Each of the point identification numbers had a coordinate within the experiment area. The first number of the coordinate was the distance in m from the snowfence in an east/west direction, negative numbers being west of the snowfence and positive numbers being east of the fence. The second number in the coordinate was the distance in m from the southern terminus of the snowfence in a northerly direction.
Estimating Forest Productivity Using Carbon Isotopes in Tree Rings at Harvard Forest 1992-2010
We investigated relationships between tree-ring δ13C and growth, and flux tower estimates of gross primary productivity (GPP) at Harvard Forest from 1992 to 2010. Seasonal variations of derived photosynthetic isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and leaf intercellular CO2 concentration (ci) showed significant increasing trends for the dominant deciduous and coniferous species. Δ13C was positively correlated to growing-season GPP and is primarily controlled by precipitation and soil moisture indicating that site conditions maintained high stomatal conductance under increasing atmospheric CO2 levels. Increasing Δ13C over the 1992-2010 period is attributed to increasing annual and summer water availability identified at Harvard Forest and across the region. Higher Δ13C is coincident with an enhancement in growth and ecosystem-level net carbon uptake. This work suggests that tree-ring δ13C could serve as a measure of forest GPP and be used to improve the calibration and predictive skill of ecosystem and carbon cycle models.
Vascular Plant Species at Harvard Forest 1992
This dataset contains a list of vascular plant species found in 269 22.5 x 22.5 m plots sampled in the 1992 Prospect Hill vegetation survey. The species list was compiled on 5 May 1993.
Canopy Chemistry Study at Harvard Forest 1992
As part of NASA's Accelerated Canopy Chemistry Program (ACCP) analyses were performed for the determination of carbon constituents and nitrogen content in fresh forest foliage. Samples were analyzed using a series of extraction's that yielded different carbon constituents: non-polar, polar, cellulose and lignin. Nitrogen analyses were conducted using a standard combustion procedure. Approximately 1000 leaf samples were collected from 5 geographically distinct sites and were analyzed at the University of New Hampshire to ensure consistency in analysis. Results were used as a calibration set for Visible/NIR reflectance and the estimation of carbon and nitrogen concentrations at both the leaf and canopy level. The canopy level study uses high spectral resolution data from NASA's Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) to estimate canopy level nitrogen and lignin concentration for the Harvard Forest and other study areas. The current link to this data from the Harvard Forest LTER site is to an archive at the University of New Hampshire. Additional information on this study, including, leaf level spectra and remote sensing data are available from a NASA DAAC site (http://www-eosdis.ornl.gov/daacpages/accp.html). Additional foliar chemistry data is also available on a searchable on-line database at http://www.folchem.sr.unh.edu.
North Temperate Lakes LTER: Lake District Revenues 1992 - 1996
Lake District revenues record one of the primary means of action available to lake districts. These districts are a form of special purpose district created by the state of Wisconsin in the early 1970s to address the specific problems of lake mangement not being addressed by existing governmental capacities. These districts are by statute granted the authority to levy property taxes, special assessments, special charges and delinquent charges against property owners within their geographic boundaries. This fund-raising authority gives to lake districts a capacity not only to raise substantial funds but to do so consistently over time, thereby alloting to them a practical capacity not readily available to other groups (such as lake associations) involved in lake management. Data are from years 1992 - 1996. Sampling Frequency: annually Number of sites: 190
Annual heron counts on Chincoteague Island, Virginia 1992-2011
This dataset has the number of breeding pairs of herons nesting on Chincoteague, VA region.This data is also available from the Center for Conservation Biology at the College of William and Mary as part of the Virginia Coastal Avian Partnership (VCAP).
Water Quality Sampling - integrated measurements for the Virginia Coast, 1992-2025
This dataset contains information about the aquatic environment along two transects that run from inlet to the mainland shore on the southern part of the Delmarva Peninsula since 1992. It has a large number of columns (111) that integrate information on water column and benthic measurements. Frequency of sampling varies from monthly to quarterly, and not all variables are necessarily measured on the same dates. However, all the data from a given date and location appears on a single line of the dataset.
Tide Data for Hog Island (1991-), Redbank (1992-), Oyster (2007-)
Tide data from VCR/LTER tide stations. It is available as a single large comma-separated-value file (size >50MB) or as individual years. Zip files contain annually-segmented data in two forms. The file tideYY.dat contains the data for year YY in a column format. The file tideYY.csv contains the same data in a comma-delimited format. For several sites and time periods, water temperatures are also recorded. All dates and times are in Eastern Standard Time.
Tabular data of the Proto-Austronesian-to-Enggano sound changes derived from Nothofer (1992: 21)
<p>This repository provides the <a href="https://github.com/engganolang/PAN-reflexes-in-Enggano-by-Nothofer/blob/main/Nothofer_1992_21_reg-sound-reflex-of-PAN-in-ENO.tsv">digitised, tabular version</a> of the regular sound changes from Proto-Austronesian into Enggano presented in linear order in Nothofer (<a href="https://github.com/engganolang/PAN-reflexes-in-Enggano-by-Nothofer#ref-nothofer1992">1992, 21</a>). The original, image-scanned version can be seen on the <a href="https://github.com/engganolang/PAN-reflexes-in-Enggano-by-Nothofer/blob/main/README.md">README page</a> of this repository.</p> <h2>Update for version 1.0.1</h2> <ul> <li>Additional entries to capture optionality of nasalisation on the vowels.</li> </ul> <h2>How to cite</h2> <p>Cite this repository AND the original source (Nothofer 1992) as follows:</p> <blockquote> <p>Rajeg, Gede Primahadi Wijaya. 2024. Tabular data of the Proto-Austronesian-to-Enggano sound changes derived from Nothofer (1992: 21).</p> </blockquote> <blockquote> <p>Nothofer, Bernd. 1992. "Lehnwörter Im Enggano." In Kölner Beiträge Aus Malaiologie Und Ethnologie Zu Ehren von Professor Dr. Irene Hilgers-Hesse, edited by F. Schulze and Kurt Tauchmann, 1:21–32. Kölner Südostasien Studien. Bonn: Holos.</p> </blockquote>
EMU Historical: member state positions on fiscal reforms, 1992-2010
<p>The EMU Historical dataset reports the positions of EU member states on 44 contested issues related to economic and fiscal reforms between 1992 and 2010. Interactive data portal available at <a href="https://emuchoices.eu/data/emuh/">EMUchoices.eu/data/emuh/</a>. Data are based on existing academic literature and primary documents from the Secretariat of the Council. The dataset was compiled by the EMU Choices consortium, which has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 649532.</p>
City of Seattle, Seattle Public Utilities, Goshawk Nesting 1992 - Current, Cedar River Municipal Watershed and South Fork Tolt River Municipal Watershed, King County, WA
This data package contains American goshawk (Astur atricapillus) (formally known as Northern Goshawk [Accipiter gentilis]) survey data and nest location records, beginning in 1992 to present day, from the Cedar River Municipal Watershed and the South Fork Tolt River Municipal Watershed in King County, Washington, USA. Goshawks are classified as a sensitive species and are included in the Habitat Conservation Plan for the Cedar River Municipal Watershed. Surveys have been conducted periodically at historical nesting territories, depending on staff capacity and the potential for disturbances from planned infrastructure projects or forest thinning operations. These surveys were not based on a statistically valid random sampling design and did not always strictly follow established protocols. Survey methods primarily included broadcast surveys using a portable cassette player and megaphone but also involved active searches for nests or signs, as well as opportunistic detections during other forest management activities. At some nest sites, plot-level forest structure and characteristics were also documented. Nest productivity monitoring was generally not conducted, as the primary objective of the surveys was to minimize disturbance and prevent inadvertent destruction of nests.
Ground Arthropod Community Survey in Grassland, Shrubland, and Woodland at the Sevilleta National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico (1992-2004) (Reformatted to the ecocomDP Design Pattern)
This data package is formatted as an ecocomDP (Ecological Community Data Pattern). For more information on ecocomDP see https://github.com/EDIorg/ecocomDP. This Level 1 data package was derived from the Level 0 data package found here: https://pasta.lternet.edu/package/metadata/eml/knb-lter-sev/29/175390. The abstract below was extracted from the Level 0 data package and is included for context: This data set contains records for the numbers of selected groups of ground-dwelling arthropod species and individuals collected from pitfall traps at 4 sites on the Sevilleta NWR, including creotostebush shrubland, both black and blue grama grasslands, and a pinyon/juniper woodland. Data collections begin in May of 1989, and are represented by subsequent sample collections every 2 months. One site (Goat Draw/Cerro Montosa) was discontinued in 2001, and a new site (Blue Grama) was initiated . Only three sites, creosotebush, black grama, and blue grama were continued between 2001-2004.
Number of bacteria in the water column of lakes sampled near Toolik Lake LTER Alaska, throughout summer season, 1992-2000.
Number of bacteria (using of DAPI for identifying and counting) in Toolik Lake water column and other lakes sample throught the summer from 1992-2000. There is no data for 2006.
Bonanza Creek LTER: Hourly Net Radiation, Up and Down Shortwave/Longwave Radiation from 1992 to Present in the Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed near Fairbanks, Alaska
A collection of radiation data taken in Caribou-Poker Creeks Research Watershed. This set includes PAR, Net Radiation, and Shortwave/Longwave Radiation (both up and down). Winter measurements may be inaccurate due to snow cover.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.