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988 results for “2 years”
ReFAB 10,000 Year Statistical Estimate of Aboveground Woody Biomass, Midwest US, Level 2
How terrestrial biomass changed before the advent of industrial society is a major gap in our understanding of the Earth's carbon cycle. Here, we archive data used to reconstruct 10,000 years of aboveground woody biomass across the US Upper Midwest using statistical models based on historical forest surveys and fossil pollen assemblages. From our analyses we document a 5,000 year long carbon sink into vegetation, primarily caused by the range expansion of two late-successional species into the region during the late Holocene. The importance of such large slow-growing tree species in storing carbon during the pre-industrial past argues for protecting similar species in wild forests today. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under grants #DEB-1241874, 1241868, 1241870, 1241851, 1241891, 1241846, 1241856, 1241930.
Bridge2AI Grand Challenge AI-Readiness Evaluation Data Year 2 of 4
<p>This excel workbook and set of radar plots contains current and projected AI-readiness evaluation datasets of four NIH Bridge2AI Program Grand Challenges in Functional Genomics, Clinical Care Informatics, Precision Public Health, and Return to Health (Salutogenesis). These evaluations were collected in late 2024, at the conclusion of Year 2 of the 4-year Bridge2AI program, by Grand Challenge (GC) representatives on the Bridge2AI Standards Working Group, in consultation with their GC leadership team, and will be updated in subsequent years and the program progresses. They assess biomedical AI readiness of existing collected data only. </p>
N fertilization and recovery experiment (2-4-6) plant species composition data for East of Tvan from 1997 to 2017, yearly
The realization that anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition is causing significant environmental change in many ecosystems has led to lower emissions of reactive N and deposition rates in many regions. However, the impacts of N deposition on terrestrial ecosystems can be long-lasting, with significant inertia in the return of the biota and biogeochemical processes to baseline levels. To better understand patterns of recovery and the factors that may contribute to slow or no responses following declines in N deposition, we followed plant species composition, microbial abundance, N cycling rates, soil pH, and pools of NO3- and extractable cations in an impacted alpine ecosystem following cessation of 12-year experiment increasing N deposition rates by 0, 20, 40, and 60 kg N/ha/yr. Simulated N deposition had resulted in a tripling in the cover of the nitrophilic species Carex rupestris, while the dominant sedge Kobresia myosuroides had decreased by more than half at the highest N input level. In addition nitrification rates were elevated, soil extractable magnesium (Mg2+) and pH decreased, and aluminum (Al3+) and manganese (Mn2+) were elevated at the highest N treatment inputs. Over the nine years following cessation of N additions to the impacted plots only the cover of the nitrophilic C. rupestris showed any recovery to prior levels. Abundances of both bacteria and fungi were lower with N addition in both treatment and recovery plots. Rates of nitrification and pools of NO3- remained elevated in the recovery plots, likely contributing to the lack of biotic response to the cessation of N inputs. In addition, nutrient base cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and soil pH remained depressed, and the toxic metal cations (Al3+ and Mn2+) remained elevated in recovery plots, also potentially influencing biotic recovery. These results emphasize the importance of considering long-term environmental impacts of N deposition associated with legacy effects, such as elevated N cycling and losse
Thirty-eight years of CO 2 fertilization have outpaced growing aridity to drive greening of Australian woody ecosystems
<p>Data and code for "Thirty-eight years of CO 2 fertilization have outpaced growing aridity to drive greening of Australian woody ecosystems"</p>
Database 2 - Second-year samplings in the CodeRe-farm pilot sites in Greece
<p>This database contains the results of the second year of AWIN assessments and general data recordings in the Greek goat pilots participating in the Code: Re-farm research project.</p>
Fig. 2 in RNDr. Josef Jelínek CSc. seventy years old
Fig. 2. Svatopluk Bílý and Josef Jelínek in the Lednice arboretum (autumn 1972). Photo: Archive of S. Bílý.
FIG. 2 in Historical perspective: 140 years of Mesozoic radiolarian taxonomy
FIG. 2. — Area diagram showing the distribution of papers published on radiolarians (6100 publications) with indication of Mesozoic (2333 publications) between 1834 and 2008.
Fig. 2 in New details of the enigmatic 100 million years old antlion-like larvae of Ankyloleon (Myrmeleontiformia, Neuroptera)
Fig. 2. Larvae of Ankyloleon Badano, Haug & Cerretti, 2021, isolated heads with stylets. A. PED 1877a, species unclear. B–C. PED 2619, Ankyloleon caudatus Badano, Haug & Cerretti, 2021. B. Overview. C. Close-up on inner edges of stylets with serrations.
Figs 2‒4. 2 in Seventy years of Dr. Jan Ježek
Figs 2‒4. 2 ‒ Jan Ježek presenting his interesting results at the 19th Czech and Slovak Dipterist Seminar in Dubová pri Modre (Slovakia) in 2007. Photograph E. Stloukal; 3 ‒ Jan Ježek working on Tabanidae collection in his former office in Kunratice castle, year 2011. Photograph M. Tkoč; 4 ‒ Participants of the the very first (1969) and jubilee 20th (2009) Czech and Slovak Dipterist Seminar held in Cikháj, Czech Republic. From left: Václav Skuhravý, Marcela Skuhravá, František Gregor, Jaroslav Starý, Jan Ježek and Rudolf Rozkošný.
Replication Package of Understanding Developers Well-Being and Productivity: a 2-year Longitudinal Analysis during the COVID-19 Pandemic
<p>The COVID-19 pandemic has brought significant and enduring shifts in various aspects of life, including increased flexibility in work arrangements. In a longitudinal study, spanning 24 months with six measurement points from April 2020 to April 2022, we explore changes in well-being, productivity, social contacts, and needs of software engineers during this time. Our findings indicate systematic changes in various variables. For example, well-being and quality of social contacts increased while emotional loneliness decreased as lockdown measures were relaxed. Conversely, people's boredom and productivity, remained stable. Furthermore, a preliminary investigation into the future of work at the end of the pandemic revealed a consensus among developers for a preference of hybrid work arrangements. We also discovered that prior job changes and low job satisfaction were consistently linked to intentions to change jobs if current work conditions do not meet developers' needs. This highlights the need for software organizations to adapt to various work arrangements to remain competitive employers. Building upon our findings and the existing literature, we introduce the Integrated Job Demands-Resources and Self-Determination (IJARS) Model as a comprehensive framework to explain the well-being and productivity of software engineers during the COVID-19 pandemic.</p>
FIGURE 2 in Biological control of weeds in Australia: the last 120 years
FIGURE 2 Releases of plant pathogens per decade for weed biological control (known deliberate releases only).
FIGURE 2 in Developing a database of Australian grasshopper occurrences from historic field survey notebooks spanning 54 years (Orthoptera: Acrididae, Morabidae, Pyrgomorphidae, Tetrigidae)
FIGURE 2 Grasshopper species count and survey effort in Western Australia and Tasmania (inset) per 50-km grid cells. Only records with both genus and species (either confirmed based on formal taxonomy for genus and species or putative taxonomy used for genus or species) names were included in these analyses. (a) Species richness (total number of recorded species per cell); (b) total number of survey sites per cell; (c) for each cell, the average number of species per survey site. No survey was conducted in white cells. Bioregions were abbreviated as: Ca, Carnarvon; CeKi, Central Kimberley; Co, Coolgardie; Da, Dampierland; EsPl, Esperance Plains; Ga, Gascoyne; Ha, Hampton; Nu, Nullarbor; Pi, Pilbara; SwCoPl, Southwest Coastal Plains; ViBo, Victorian Bonaparte.
FIGURE 2 in DARIO R. FAUSTINO-FUSTER, JEISSON A. LÓPEZ-CASTAÑO, JHONATAN M. QUIÑONES & VANESSA MEZA-VARGAS (2024) Increasing the species diversity of the monotypic genus Pariolius Cope 1872 (Siluriformes: Heptapteridae) after more than 150 years. Zootaxa, 5433 (3): 389-403.
FIGURE 2. Lateral view of the caudal skeleton of (A) Pariolius pax, MPUJ 10047, paratype, 34.0 mm SL (B) Pariolius maldonadoi, MPUJ 13076, paratype, 28.4 mm SL. Abbreviations of the anatomical parts: ep = epural; hi1 + hi2 = complex plate formed by hypurals 1 and 2; hi3+hi4 = complex plate formed by hypurals 3, 4; hi5 = hypural 5; ph = parhypural; pu1 + u1 = complex centrum formed by preural centrum 1 and ural centrum 1; pu2 = preural centrum 2; ur = uroneural.
Figures 2–11 in Revisiting Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica, 12 years later: new observations of marine benthic diatoms
Figures 2–11: Marine benthic diatoms in Potter Cove, King George Island, Antarctica, summer 2015. (2–4) Porosira glacialis. (5) Thalassiosira eccentrica. (6) Thalassiosira gracilis. (7) Thalassiosira oliveriana. (8) Thalassiosira sp. (9, 10) Melosira sol, (10) showing chain of cells in girdle view. (11) Melosira cf. adeliae.
FIGURE 2 in Superficially described and ignored for 92 years, rediscovered and emended: Apodera angatakere (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) is a new flagship testate amoeba taxon from Aotearoa (New Zealand)
FIGURE 2 Top half: Apodera angatakere n. gen. n. sp. (A–C, Eand F), five specimens from Ahukawakawa swamp, Taranaki Maunga, New Zealand's North Island (sample EM-2540): (A–C) three barcoded individuals, (D) Brehm's original drawing of Apodera angatakere (described as Nebela penardi) from Margaret's Tarn, Arthur's Pass, New Zealand's South Island, (E and F), two individuals from sample EM-2540 (LM and SEM, respectively). Eis the holotype. Note the presence of a ca. 10 µm wide keel. All specimens illustrated here as well as in Figures S2–S8 were used for morphometrical analyses (Figure 1). Scale bars (20, 50, or 100 µm) are shown for all specimen but were not provided in the original description. Bottom half: Apodera vas. (G) barcoded specimen from Macquarie Island (sample EM-2764), (H–J) three specimens from forest litter collected on the lower slopes of Taranaki Maunga, New Zealand's North Island (sample EM-2543). (H and I) Two barcoded specimen, (J) SEM of a third individual; note the absence of a keel. The codes of the barcoded specimens are the same as in the phylogenetic tree (Figure 3)
Fig. 2 in Two hundred years in the dark: A type for the moss Encalypta crispata
Fig. 2. – Original illustration of Encalypta crispata Hedw. from Hedwig's Species muscorum frondosorum of 1801, tab. 10. [Original figure legend: "fig. 1. planta naturali magnitudine, fig 2. eadem acuta lente o., fig. 3. folium augm. III., fig. 4. sporangium operculatum augm. I. fig. 5. sporangii pars augm. III. fig. 6. peristomii dens augm. IV. fig. 7. Flos masculus augm. III. fig. 8. folliculi augm. IV. fig 9. filum succulentum floris augm. IV."]
Fig. 2 in Re-description of Metedwardsia akkeshi (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria: Edwardsiidae), Discovered in Akkeshi, Hokkaido, Almost 80 Years after Original Description, with a Revision of the Diagnosis of Genus Metedwardsia
Fig. 2. Outer and inner views of Metedwardsia akkeshi. A, outer view of Metedwardsia akkeshi (NSMT-Co 1605); B, outer view of live specimen (NSMT-Co 1606); C, oral view (NSMT-Co 1606); D, longitudinal section of oral part of M. akkeshi (NSMT-Co 1605, same hereafter); E, transversal section of actinopharynx and column; F, transversal section of tentacle; G, transversal section of a mesentery and parietal basal muscle; H, transversal section of mesenteries, gonads, and filaments; I, enlarged view of mesenteries. J, transversal section of physa. Abbreviations: Ac, actinopharynx; Fi, filament; Ma, macrocneme; Me, mesoglea; Mi, microcneme; Ov, ovary; Pa, parietal muscle; Ph, physa; Rm, retractor muscle; Scl, scapulus; Scs, scapus; Te, tentacle; Tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle. Scale: 5 mm in A–C; 1 mm in D, E, H; 500 µm in J; 100 µm in F, G, I.
FIG. 2 in The "Our Planet Reviewed" Mitaraka 2015 expedition: a full account of its research outputs after six years and recommendations for future surveys
FIG. 2. — Number of new (non-marine) animal species of French Guiana's fauna described since 2000. New species collected during the Mitaraka survey are indicated in colour.
FIG. 2 in A 100-million-year-old ensiferan with unusual mouthparts and comments on the evolution of raptorial appendages within Polyneoptera
FIG. 2. — Holotype of Gryllobencain patrickmuelleri n. gen., n. sp., PED 0147, close-up on thorax appendages: A, thorax appendage 1; B, thorax appendage 2; C, thorax appendage 3. Abbreviations: c2, coxa of thorax appendage 2; ce, cercus; cl, claw of thorax appendage; f1-3, femur of thorax appendage 1-3; ta1-3, tarsus of thorax appendage 1-3; tcl, tibia claw; ti1-3, tibia of thorax appendage 1-3. Scale bars: 0.5 mm.
Treating anti-vax patients, a new stressor for COVID-19 center doctors. Data from a 2-year prospective study.
<p>Dataset of the study "Treating anti-vax patients, a new stressor for COVID-19 center doctors. Data from a 2-year prospective study."</p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.